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Nahar N, Fujiyoshi A, Kinoshita T, Suzuki T, Asai T. P2573Structural and dynamic changes in the mitral annulus, associated with degenerative mitral regurgitation and chronic atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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77
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Yoshikawa T, Kinoshita T, Kouda K, Nishimura Y, Nakamura T, Arakawa H, Tajima F. Physiatrist and registered therapist operating acute rehabilitation (PROr) in stroke. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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78
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Kinoshita T. Congenital Defects in the Expression of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Complement Regulatory Proteins CD59 and Decay-Accelerating Factor. Semin Hematol 2018; 55:136-140. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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79
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Kouda K, Kamijo Y, Kinoshita T, Banno M, Yoshikawa T, Umemoto Y, Tajima F. Hot water immersion elevates interleukin-6 in persons with cervical spinal cord injury. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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80
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Shimizu J, Yazaki U, Kinoshita T, Tatsuzawa Y, Kawaura Y, Nonomura A. Primary Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor in a Middle-Aged Woman: Case Report and Literature Review. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 87:269-71. [PMID: 11693807 DOI: 10.1177/030089160108700412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although primary mediastinal germ cell tumors are found much more frequently among young males than among other people, we recently encountered a middle-aged woman with the disease. The patient was a 59-year-old woman who complained mainly of anterior chest pain. Chest CT scans revealed a nonhomogeneous mass measuring 7 x 7 cm in the anterior mediastinal area, accompanied by signs suggestive of mediastinal invasion of the tumor. Reduction surgery was performed. The pathologic diagnosis was mediastinal dysgerminoma. The patient received postoperative radiochemotherapy but died due to liver metastasis 11 months after surgery.
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81
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Shimizu J, Kinoshita T, Tatsuzawa Y, Takehara A, Kawaura Y, Takahashi S. Gluteal Abscess Caused by Perforating Rectal Cancer: Case Report and Review of the Literature. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 87:330-1. [PMID: 11765183 DOI: 10.1177/030089160108700510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An unusual case is described in which an abscess developed remote from a carcinoma of the rectum. A 52-year-old Japanese man developed a gluteal abscess six months after radiation therapy for unresectable carcinoma of the rectum. This case is presented with a review of the literature. Perforating carcinoma of the colon and rectum with abscess formation is best treated by preliminary total diversion colostomy and local drainage of the abscess. However, the mortality rate is still high.
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82
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Ogisawa K, Uchiyama N, Watase C, Kurihara T, Shiino S, Iwamoto E, Jimbo K, Asaga S, Takayama S, Kikuchi M, Kurihara H, Kinoshita T. Clinical Usefulness of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and 18F-FDG-PET/MR (PET/MR) for Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) cases. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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83
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Kinoshita T, Takahashi M, Fujisawa T, Yamamoto N, Takanashi M, Aogi K, Hojo T, Yoshida M, Tsuda H. Radiofrequency ablation therapy for early-stage breast cancer: Results from 5 years of follow-up in a prospective multicenter study. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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84
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Pagnamenta AT, Murakami Y, Anzilotti C, Titheradge H, Oates AJ, Morton J, Kinoshita T, Kini U, Taylor JC. A homozygous variant disrupting the PIGH start-codon is associated with developmental delay, epilepsy, and microcephaly. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:822-826. [PMID: 29573052 PMCID: PMC6001798 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Defective glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchor biogenesis can cause a spectrum of predominantly neurological problems. For eight genes critical to this biological process, disease associations are not yet reported. Scanning exomes from 7,833 parent–child trios and 1,792 singletons from the DDD study for biallelic variants in this gene‐set uncovered a rare PIGH variant in a boy with epilepsy, microcephaly, and behavioral difficulties. Although only 2/2 reads harbored this c.1A > T transversion, the presence of ∼25 Mb autozygosity at this locus implied homozygosity, which was confirmed using Sanger sequencing. A similarly‐affected sister was also homozygous. FACS analysis of PIGH‐deficient CHO cells indicated that cDNAs with c.1A > T could not efficiently restore expression of GPI‐APs. Truncation of PIGH protein was consistent with the utilization of an in‐frame start‐site at codon 63. In summary, we describe siblings harboring a homozygous c.1A > T variant resulting in defective GPI‐anchor biogenesis and highlight the importance of exploring low‐coverage variants within autozygous regions.
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Miyashita M, Niikura N, Kumamaru H, Miyata H, Ishida T, Kinoshita T, Tsuda H, Nakamura S, Tokuda Y. Abstract P2-11-11: Role of postmastectomy radiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: A study from the Japanese breast cancer registry. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p2-11-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) has been shown to be beneficial in node-positive breast cancer patients. However, the role of PMRT for patients receiving modern neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) are controversial. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy for breast cancer patients treated with NAC and mastectomy in the Japanese Breast Cancer Registry.
Methods:
Patients who received NAC and mastectomy for cT1-4 cN0-2 M0 breast cancer were included in this analysis. We assessed locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and overall survival (OS) using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared them between the groups with and without PMRT by nodal status after NAC; ypN0, ypN1, and ypN2-3. We also performed multivariable cox regression analysis to evaluate the association of radiotherapy and these outcomes adjusting for baseline patient and cancer characteristics.
Results:
Of the 145,530 patients registered from 2004 to 2009, we identified 3,226 patients who met our inclusion criteria with the 5-year follow-up information including 1,299 ypN0, 1,036 ypN1, and 879 ypN2-3 cases. PMRT was performed in 185 patients (14.2%) with ypN0, 265 patients (25.6%) with ypN1, and 543 patients (61.8%) with ypN2-3. There was no difference in LRR, DDFS, and OS between the groups with and without radiotherapy for ypN1 patients who received NAC (P=0.72, P=0.29, and P=0.36, respectively). For patients with ypN2-3 breast cancer, radiotherapy significantly improved LRR (P<0.001), DDFS (P=0.01), and OS (P<0.001) on univariate analysis. No difference in LRR, DDFS, and OS was observed for ypN0 patients (P=0.81, P=0.15, and P=0.05, respectively). In multivariable analysis, the use of radiotherapy was independently associated with improved LRR [hazard ratio (HR): 0.608, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.452–0.818, P=0.001] and OS [HR: 0.685, 95% CI: 0.531–0.885, P=0.004] for ypN2-3 patients.
Effect of PMRT on locoregional recurrence by the ypN subgroupsypN subgroupHazard ratio95%CI Low95%CI HighP valueypN00.8550.4581.5960.623ypN10.8320.5491.2620.387ypN2-30.6080.4520.8180.001
Effect of PMRT on overall survival by the ypN subgroupsypN subgroupHazard ratio95%CI Low95%CI HighP valueypN01.3250.8412.0870.224ypN10.8800.5991.2930.514ypN2-30.6850.5310.8850.004
Radiotherapy was not associated with OS among patients with ypN0 [HR: 1.325, 95% CI: 0.841–2.087, P=0.224] and ypN1 [HR: 0.880, 95% CI: 0.599–1.293, P=0.514]. There was no significant difference in DDFS with the addition of radiotherapy for all ypN subgroups.
Conclusions:
The results from this nationwide database study of breast cancer patients following modern NAC showed that PMRT did not improve survival for patients with ypN1 and ypN0. Radiotherapy might be only beneficial for ypN2-3 breast cancer patients who received NAC and mastectomy in the modern era. Randomized clinical trials are needed to optimize the use of PMRT for breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Citation Format: Miyashita M, Niikura N, Kumamaru H, Miyata H, Ishida T, Kinoshita T, Tsuda H, Nakamura S, Tokuda Y. Role of postmastectomy radiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: A study from the Japanese breast cancer registry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-11.
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Hirata T, Mishra SK, Nakamura S, Saito K, Motooka D, Takada Y, Kanzawa N, Murakami Y, Maeda Y, Fujita M, Yamaguchi Y, Kinoshita T. Identification of a Golgi GPI-N-acetylgalactosamine transferase with tandem transmembrane regions in the catalytic domain. Nat Commun 2018; 9:405. [PMID: 29374258 PMCID: PMC5785973 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many eukaryotic proteins are anchored to the cell surface via the glycolipid glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). Mammalian GPIs have a conserved core but exhibit diverse N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) modifications, which are added via a yet unresolved process. Here we identify the Golgi-resident GPI-GalNAc transferase PGAP4 and show by mass spectrometry that PGAP4 knockout cells lose GPI-GalNAc structures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PGAP4, in contrast to known Golgi glycosyltransferases, is not a single-pass membrane protein but contains three transmembrane domains, including a tandem transmembrane domain insertion into its glycosyltransferase-A fold as indicated by comparative modeling. Mutational analysis reveals a catalytic site, a DXD-like motif for UDP-GalNAc donor binding, and several residues potentially involved in acceptor binding. We suggest that a juxtamembrane region of PGAP4 accommodates various GPI-anchored proteins, presenting their acceptor residue toward the catalytic center. In summary, we present insights into the structure of PGAP4 and elucidate the initial step of GPI-GalNAc biosynthesis.
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Kohashi K, Ishiyama A, Yuasa S, Tanaka T, Miya K, Adachi Y, Sato N, Saitsu H, Ohba C, Matsumoto N, Murakami Y, Kinoshita T, Sugai K, Sasaki M. Epileptic apnea in a patient with inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor deficiency and PIGT mutations. Brain Dev 2018; 40:53-57. [PMID: 28728837 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report an 11-month-old boy with acetazolamide-responsive epileptic apnea and inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor deficiency who presented with decreased serum alkaline phosphatase associated with compound PIGT mutations. The patient exhibited congenital anomalies, severe intellectual disability, and seizures, including epileptic apnea with epileptiform discharges from bilateral temporal areas. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed delayed myelination and progressive atrophy of the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebrum. Whole-exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in PIGT (c.250G>T, p.Glu84X and c.1096G>T, p.Gly366Trp), which encodes a subunit of the GPI transamidase complex. Flow cytometry revealed decreased expression of CD16 (a GPI anchor protein) on granulocytes, supporting the putative pathogenicity of the mutations. Phenobarbital, clonazepam, and potassium bromide decreased the frequency of tonic seizure and acetazolamide decreased epileptic apnea. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of intractable seizures accompanied by epileptic apnea associated with GPI anchor deficiency and a compound PIGT mutation.
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88
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Liu YS, Guo XY, Hirata T, Rong Y, Motooka D, Kitajima T, Murakami Y, Gao XD, Nakamura S, Kinoshita T, Fujita M. N-Glycan-dependent protein folding and endoplasmic reticulum retention regulate GPI-anchor processing. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:585-599. [PMID: 29255114 PMCID: PMC5800811 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Glycosylation and GPI anchoring of proteins occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Liu et al. revealed N-glycans participate in quality control and temporal ER retention of GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), ensuring their correct folding and GPI processing before exiting from the ER. Chronic ER stress induced exposure of unprocessed GPI-APs on the cell surface. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins is a conserved posttranslational modification in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Soon after GPI is attached, an acyl chain on the GPI inositol is removed by post-GPI attachment to proteins 1 (PGAP1), a GPI-inositol deacylase. This is crucial for switching GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) from protein folding to transport states. We performed haploid genetic screens to identify factors regulating GPI-inositol deacylation, identifying seven genes. In particular, calnexin cycle impairment caused inefficient GPI-inositol deacylation. Calnexin was specifically associated with GPI-APs, dependent on N-glycan and GPI moieties, and assisted efficient GPI-inositol deacylation by PGAP1. Under chronic ER stress caused by misfolded GPI-APs, inositol-acylated GPI-APs were exposed on the cell surface. These results indicated that N-glycans participate in quality control and temporal ER retention of GPI-APs, ensuring their correct folding and GPI processing before exiting from the ER. Once the system is disrupted by ER stress, unprocessed GPI-APs become exposed on the cell surface.
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Fujiwara K, Kinoshita T, Kamata K, Yamakawa T, Kano M. Missing RRI interpolation algorithm using just-in-time modeling framework and its application to HRV-based drowsy driving detection. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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90
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Kinoshita T. Molecular genetics, biochemistry, and biology of PNH. [RINSHO KETSUEKI] THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY 2017; 58:353-362. [PMID: 28484166 DOI: 10.11406/rinketsu.58.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) manifests by clonal expansion of mutant hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) bearing a somatic mutation in the X-linked PIGA gene. PIGA mutations cause defective biosynthesis of GPI and cell surface deficiency of GPI-anchored proteins such as DAF and CD59, leading to intravascular hemolysis and thrombosis. These two major symptoms of PNH can be controlled by eculizumab, an anti-C5 monoclonal antibody. Bone marrow failure, the third major symptom of PNH, is autoimmune-mediated and contributes to the clonal expansion of GPI-defective HSCs by selectively attacking GPI-positive wild-type HSCs. GPI-defective erythrocytes, being protected from intravascular hemolysis by eculizumab, accumulate C3-derived fragments, C3b, iC3b, and C3dg, because of DAF deficiency and in turn become susceptible to CR3-mediated phagocytosis by spleen macrophages. Approximately 3% of Japanese patients with PNH are refractory to eculizumab therapy. Approximately 3% of Japanese people are heterozygous for a single nucleotide polymorphism that changes an amino acid near the eculizumab binding site. New therapeutic measures are needed to solve these issues.
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91
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Takahashi S, Go T, Kinoshita T, Yokomise H, Shibata T. P1.14-002 Comparison Between Stereotactic and Conventional Radiotherapy for Solitary Lung Tumors After Resection of Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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92
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Kinoshita T, Fujita T, Hayashi Y, Ohtsuka T, Mitsudomi T, Asamura H, Yasufuku K, Kawakami Y. MA 05.04 Distinct Immunosuppressive Microenvironment Determines Poor Prognosis of Nonsmokers with Adenocarcinoma of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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93
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Takeuchi K, Furuta M, Okabe Y, Suma S, Takeshita T, Akifusa S, Adachi M, Kinoshita T, Kikutani T, Yamashita Y. Swallowing disorders and 1-year functional decline in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. J Oral Rehabil 2017; 44:982-987. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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94
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Ozawa K, Hineno A, Kinoshita T, Ishihara S, Sekijima Y, Ikeda S. New criteria of suspected adverse symptoms related human papillomavirus vaccination. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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95
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Kida H, Takahashi T, Nakamura Y, Kinoshita T, Okayama S, Nakamura K, Taniwaki T, Yamashita Y, Matsuishi T. Lung abnormalities in MECP2-null mouse model of Rett syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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96
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Kinoshita T, Aogi K, Takahashi M, Ito KI, Oba T, Shiroma N, Arihiro K, Tsukamoto F, Shiino S, Yoshida M, Ohsumi S. The first report of multicenter validation study of 95-gene classifier, a multi-gene prognostic assay of estrogen receptor positive and node negative breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx362.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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97
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Sasada S, Kurihara H, Kinoshita T, Yoshida M, Honda N, Shimoi T, Shimomura A, Yunokawa M, Yonemori K, Shimizu C, Hamada A, Kanayama Y, Watanabe Y, Fujiwara Y, Tamura K. 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab PET imaging for HER2-specific primary lesions of breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:2028-2029. [PMID: 28505219 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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98
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Bachmann CJ, Aagaard L, Bernardo M, Brandt L, Cartabia M, Clavenna A, Coma Fusté A, Furu K, Garuoliené K, Hoffmann F, Hollingworth S, Huybrechts KF, Kalverdijk LJ, Kawakami K, Kieler H, Kinoshita T, López SC, Machado-Alba JE, Machado-Duque ME, Mahesri M, Nishtala PS, Piovani D, Reutfors J, Saastamoinen LK, Sato I, Schuiling-Veninga CCM, Shyu YC, Siskind D, Skurtveit S, Verdoux H, Wang LJ, Zara Yahni C, Zoëga H, Taylor D. International trends in clozapine use: a study in 17 countries. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 136:37-51. [PMID: 28502099 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is some evidence that clozapine is significantly underutilised. Also, clozapine use is thought to vary by country, but so far no international study has assessed trends in clozapine prescribing. Therefore, this study aimed to assess clozapine use trends on an international scale, using standardised criteria for data analysis. METHOD A repeated cross-sectional design was applied to data extracts (2005-2014) from 17 countries worldwide. RESULTS In 2014, overall clozapine use prevalence was greatest in Finland (189.2/100 000 persons) and in New Zealand (116.3/100 000), and lowest in the Japanese cohort (0.6/100 000), and in the privately insured US cohort (14.0/100 000). From 2005 to 2014, clozapine use increased in almost all studied countries (relative increase: 7.8-197.2%). In most countries, clozapine use was highest in 40-59-year-olds (range: 0.6/100 000 (Japan) to 344.8/100 000 (Finland)). In youths (10-19 years), clozapine use was highest in Finland (24.7/100 000) and in the publicly insured US cohort (15.5/100 000). CONCLUSION While clozapine use has increased in most studied countries over recent years, clozapine is still underutilised in many countries, with clozapine utilisation patterns differing significantly between countries. Future research should address the implementation of interventions designed to facilitate increased clozapine utilisation.
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Tanigawa J, Mimatsu H, Mizuno S, Okamoto N, Fukushi D, Tominaga K, Kidokoro H, Muramatsu Y, Nishi E, Nakamura S, Motooka D, Nomura N, Hayasaka K, Niihori T, Aoki Y, Nabatame S, Hayakawa M, Natsume J, Ozono K, Kinoshita T, Wakamatsu N, Murakami Y. Cover Image, Volume 38, Issue 7. Hum Mutat 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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100
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Sakai Y, Jiang J, Kojima N, Kinoshita T, Miyajima A. Enhanced In Vitro Maturation of Fetal Mouse Liver Cells with Oncostatin M, Nicotinamide, and Dimethyl Sulfoxide. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000002783985710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cells isolated from fetal liver are one of the major sources for liver tissue engineering, it is still very difficult to induce them to fully differentiate in vitro into mature hepatocytes. We therefore investigated the effects of nicotinamide (NA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and oncostatin M (OSM) on differentiation in terms of the expression of various liver-specific functions, because these factors have been reported to induce the emergence of possible hepatocyte progenitor cells (small hepatocytes) in adult rat hepatocyte culture or maturation of fetal mouse liver cells in culture. Fetal liver cells isolated from mouse embryos were cultured for 5 weeks in collagen-precoated plates. NA (10 mM) and DMSO (1%) remarkably enhanced the emergence of small hepatocytes, and OSM also synergistically enhanced the selective growth of small hepatocytes and inhibited the growth of blood cell populations. In the presence of these three factors, such small hepatocytes became dominant in culture, so that they covered almost 60–70% of confluence after week 2. In addition, some of them piled up over the small hepatocyte monolayer and displayed distinctively differentiated morphology, such as the emergence of binucleated cells, formation of tight gap junctions, and possible bile duct structures. Although OSM alone had very weak effects on hepatocyte functions, albumin secretion and cytochrome P450IA1/2 capacity were greatly enhanced when combined with NA or DMSO. This functional observation closely agreed with the emergence of small hepatocytes. In contrast, ammonium removal was strongly dependent on DMSO alone. DNA amount basis functions of fetal cells with three factors at week 5 were 1/7 for albumin secretion, 3 times higher for ammonium removal, and 1/10 for P450 capacity, compared with those of cultured adult mouse hepatocytes. These results show that inclusion of NA, DMSO, and OSM in the culture medium significantly enhances in vitro maturation of fetal liver cells when compared with conventional culture conditions.
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