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Borza T, Oerline MK, Skolarus TA, Norton EC, Dimick JB, Jacobs BL, Herrel LA, Ellimoottil C, Hollingsworth JM, Ryan AM, Miller DC, Shahinian VB, Hollenbeck BK. Association Between Hospital Participation in Medicare Shared Savings Program Accountable Care Organizations and Readmission Following Major Surgery. Ann Surg 2019; 269:873-878. [PMID: 29557880 PMCID: PMC6146076 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Medicare Shared Savings Program accountable care organizations (ACOs) on hospital readmission after common surgical procedures. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Hospital readmissions following surgery lead to worse patient outcomes and wasteful spending. ACOs, and their associated hospitals, have strong incentives to reduce readmissions from 2 distinct Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services policies. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study using a 20% national Medicare sample to identify beneficiaries undergoing 1 of 7 common surgical procedures-abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, colectomy, cystectomy, prostatectomy, lung resection, total knee arthroplasty, and total hip arthroplasty-between 2010 and 2014. The primary outcome was 30-day risk-adjusted readmission rate. We performed difference-in-differences analyses using multilevel logistic regression models to quantify the effect of hospital ACO affiliation on readmissions following these procedures. RESULTS Patients underwent a procedure at one of 2974 hospitals, of which 389 were ACO affiliated. The 30-day risk-adjusted readmission rate decreased from 8.4% (95% CI, 8.1-8.7%) to 7.0% (95% CI, 6.7-7.3%) for ACO affiliated hospitals (P < 0.001) and from 7.9% (95% CI, 7.8-8.0%) to 7.1% (95% CI, 6.9-7.2%) for non-ACO hospitals (P < 0.001). The difference-in-differences of the 2 trends demonstrated an additional 0.52% (95% CI, 0.97-0.078%) absolute reduction in readmissions at ACO hospitals (P = 0.021), which would translate to 4410 hospitalizations avoided. CONCLUSION Readmissions following common procedures decreased significantly from 2010 to 2014. Hospital affiliation with Shared Savings ACOs was associated with significant additional reductions in readmissions. This emphasis on readmission reduction is 1 mechanism through which ACOs improve value in a surgical population.
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Modi PK, Herrel LA, Kaufman SR, Yan P, Borza T, Skolarus TA, Schroeck FR, Hollenbeck BK, Shahinian VB. Urologist Practice Structure and Spending for Prostate Cancer Care. Urology 2019; 130:65-71. [PMID: 31029672 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of urologist practice structure on health care spending for men with prostate cancer. We hypothesize that 3 elements of urologist practice structure may influence spending for prostate cancer care: urologist participation within a multispecialty group (MSG), practice size among single specialty urology groups, and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) ownership. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a 20% sample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries to identify men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2011 and 2014. We identified each man's urologist and used data from the Healthcare Relational Spheres provider files to identify practice type, size, and IMRT ownership for each urologist. We then fit generalized linear mixed models to estimate the association between these practice features and Medicare payments in the year after diagnosis. All models were adjusted for patient and healthcare market characteristics. RESULTS We identified 35,929 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer who were treated by 6381 urologists. Medicare payments for men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer were significantly lower in MSGs ($19,181 v. $22,366 large single specialty group, P < 0.001) and significantly higher among practices with IMRT ownership ($23,801 v. $20,162 for non-owners, P < 0.001). These differences persisted in sensitivity analyses including only men treated with radiotherapy and examining only prostate cancer-related claims. CONCLUSION Urologist practice structure is associated with payments for prostate cancer care. MSGs had the lowest Medicare payments per episode of prostate cancer care while groups with IMRT ownership had the highest.
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Radhakrishnan A, Henry J, Zhu K, Hawley ST, Hollenbeck BK, Hofer T, Wittmann DA, Sales AE, Skolarus TA. Determinants of quality prostate cancer survivorship care across the primary and specialty care interface: Lessons from the Veterans Health Administration. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2686-2702. [PMID: 30950216 PMCID: PMC6536973 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With over 3 million US prostate cancer survivors, ensuring high‐quality, coordinated cancer survivorship care is important. However, implementation of recommended team‐based cancer care has lagged, and determinants of quality care across primary and specialty care remain unclear. Guided by the theoretical domains framework (TDF), we explored multidisciplinary determinants of quality survivorship care in an integrated delivery system. Methods We conducted semistructured interviews with primary (4) and specialty (7) care providers across 6 Veterans Health Administration clinic sites. Using template analysis, we coded interview transcripts into the TDF, mapping statements to specific constructs within each domain. We assessed whether each construct was perceived a barrier or facilitator, examining results for both primary care providers (PCPs) and prostate cancer specialists. Results Cancer specialists and PCPs identified 2 primary TDF domains impacting their prostate cancer survivorship care: Knowledge and Environmental context and resources. Both groups noted knowledge (about survivorship care) and procedural knowledge (about how to deliver survivorship care) as positive determinants or facilitators, whereas resources/material resources (to deliver survivorship care) was noted as a negative determinant or barrier to care. Additional domains more commonly referenced by cancer specialists included Social/professional role and identity and Goals, while PCPs reported the domain Beliefs about capabilities as relevant. Conclusions We used the TDF to identify several behavioral domains acting as determinants of high‐quality, team‐based prostate cancer survivorship care. These results can inform prostate cancer survivorship care plan content, and may guide tailored, multidisciplinary implementation strategies to improve survivorship care across the primary and specialty care interface.
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Skolarus TA, Metreger T, Wittmann D, Hwang S, Kim HM, Grubb RL, Gingrich JR, Zhu H, Piette JD, Hawley ST. Self-Management in Long-Term Prostate Cancer Survivors: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:1326-1335. [PMID: 30925126 DOI: 10.1200/jco.18.01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This randomized clinical trial compared a personally tailored, automated telephone symptom management intervention to improve self-management among long-term survivors of prostate cancer with usual care enhanced with a nontailored newsletter about symptom management. We hypothesized that intervention-group participants would have more confident symptom self-management and reduced symptom burden. METHODS A total of 556 prostate cancer survivors who, more than 1 year after treatment, were experiencing symptom burden were recruited from April 2015 to February 2017 across four Veterans Affairs sites. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 278) or usual care (n = 278) groups. We compared differences in the primary (symptom burden according to Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26 [EPIC], confidence in self-management) and secondary outcomes between groups using intent-to-treat analyses. We compared domain-specific changes in symptom burden from baseline to 5 and 12 months among the intervention group according to the primary symptom focus area (urinary, bowel, sexual, general) of participants. RESULTS Most of the prostate cancer survivors in this study were married (54.3%), were white (69.2%), were retired (62.4%), and underwent radiation therapy (56.7% v 46.2% who underwent surgery), and the mean age was 67 years. There were no baseline differences in urinary, bowel, sexual, or hormonal domain EPIC scores across groups. We observed higher EPIC scores in the intervention arm in all domain areas at 5 months, though differences were not statistically significant. No differences were found in secondary outcomes; however, coping appraisal was higher (2.8 v 2.6; P = .02) in intervention-arm patients at 5 months. In subgroup analyses, intervention participants reported improvement from baseline at 5 and 12 months in their symptom focus area domains. CONCLUSION This intervention was well received among veterans who were long-term survivors of prostate cancer. Although overall outcome differences were not observed across groups, the intervention tailored to symptom area of choice may hold promise to improve associated burden.
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Chapman CH, Burns JA, Skolarus TA. Prostate Cancer Surveillance After Radiation Therapy in a National Delivery System. Fed Pract 2019; 36:S16-S21. [PMID: 30867631 PMCID: PMC6411359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Guideline concordance with PSA surveillance among veterans treated with definitive radiation therapy was generally high, but opportunities may exist to improve surveillance among select groups.
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Meddings J, Skolarus TA, Fowler KE, Bernstein SJ, Dimick JB, Mann JD, Saint S. Michigan Appropriate Perioperative (MAP) criteria for urinary catheter use in common general and orthopaedic surgeries: results obtained using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. BMJ Qual Saf 2019; 28:56-66. [PMID: 30100564 PMCID: PMC6365917 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indwelling urinary catheters are commonly used for patients undergoing general and orthopaedic surgery. Despite infectious and non-infectious harms of urinary catheters, there is limited guidance available to surgery teams regarding appropriate perioperative catheter use. OBJECTIVE Using the RAND Corporation/University of California Los Angeles (RAND/UCLA) Appropriateness Method, we assessed the appropriateness of indwelling urinary catheter placement and different timings of catheter removal for routine general and orthopaedic surgery procedures. METHODS Two multidisciplinary panels consisting of 13 and 11 members (physicians and nurses) for general and orthopaedic surgery, respectively, reviewed the available literature regarding the impact of different perioperative catheter use strategies. Using a standardised, multiround rating process, the panels independently rated clinical scenarios (91 general surgery, 36 orthopaedic surgery) for urinary catheter placement and postoperative duration of use as appropriate (ie, benefits outweigh risks), inappropriate or of uncertain appropriateness. RESULTS Appropriateness of catheter use varied by procedure, accounting for procedure-specific risks as well as expected procedure time and intravenous fluids. Procedural appropriateness ratings for catheters were summarised for clinical use into three groups: (1) can perform surgery without catheter; (2) use intraoperatively only, ideally remove before leaving the operating room; and (3) use intraoperatively and keep catheter until postoperative days 1-4. Specific recommendations were provided by procedure, with postoperative day 1 being appropriate for catheter removal for first voiding trial for many procedures. CONCLUSION We defined the appropriateness of indwelling urinary catheter use during and after common general and orthopaedic surgical procedures. These ratings may help reduce catheter-associated complications for patients undergoing these procedures.
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Skolarus TA, Hawley ST, Wittmann DA, Forman J, Metreger T, Sparks JB, Zhu K, Caram MEV, Hollenbeck BK, Makarov DV, Leppert JT, Shelton JB, Shahinian V, Srinivasaraghavan S, Sales AE. De-implementation of low value castration for men with prostate cancer: protocol for a theory-based, mixed methods approach to minimizing low value androgen deprivation therapy (DeADT). Implement Sci 2018; 13:144. [PMID: 30486836 PMCID: PMC6262964 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-018-0833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Men with prostate cancer are often castrated with long-acting injectable drugs termed androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Although many benefit, ADT is also used in patients with little or nothing to gain. The best ways to stop this practice are unknown, and range from blunt pharmacy restrictions to informed decision-making. This study will refine and pilot two different de-implementation strategies for reducing ADT use among those unlikely to benefit in preparation for a comparative effectiveness trial. Methods/design This innovative mixed methods research program has three aims. Aim 1: To assess preferences and barriers for de-implementation of chemical castration in prostate cancer. Guided by the theoretical domains framework (TDF), urologists and patients from facilities with the highest and lowest castration rates across the VA will be interviewed to identify key preferences and de-implementation barriers for reducing castration as prostate cancer treatment. This qualitative work will inform Aim 2 while gathering rich information for two proposed pilot intervention strategies. Aim 2: To use a discrete choice experiment (DCE), a novel barrier prioritization approach, for de-implementation strategy tailoring. The investigators will conduct national surveys of urologists to prioritize key barriers identified in Aim 1 for stopping incident castration as localized prostate cancer treatment using a DCE experiment design. These quantitative results will identify the most important barriers to be addressed through tailoring of two pilot de-implementation strategies in preparation for Aim 3 piloting. Aim 3: To pilot two tailored de-implementation strategies to reduce castration as localized prostate cancer treatment. Building on findings from Aims 1 and 2, two de-implementation strategies will be piloted. One strategy will focus on formulary restriction at the organizational level and the other on physician/patient informed decision-making at different facilities. Outcomes will include acceptability, feasibility, and scalability in preparation for an effectiveness trial comparing these two widely varying de-implementation strategies. Discussion Our innovative approach to de-implementation strategy development is directly aligned with state-of-the-art complex implementation intervention development and implementation science. This work will broadly advance de-implementation science for low value cancer care, and foster participation in our de-implementation evaluation trial by addressing barriers, facilitators, and concerns through pilot tailoring. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03579680, First Posted July 6, 2018.
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Skolarus TA, Caram ME, Chapman CH, Smith DC, Hollenbeck BK, Hawley S, Tsodikov A, Sales A, Wittmann D, Zaslavsky A. Castration remains despite decreasing definitive treatment of localized prostate cancer in the elderly: A case for de-implementation. Cancer 2018; 124:3971-3974. [PMID: 30192374 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lee AJ, Liu X, Borza T, Qin Y, Li BY, Urish KL, Kirk PS, Gilbert S, Hollenbeck BK, Helm JE, Lavieri MS, Skolarus TA, Jacobs BL. Role of Post-Acute Care on Hospital Readmission After High-Risk Surgery. J Surg Res 2018; 234:116-122. [PMID: 30527462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Payment models, including the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program and bundled payments, place pressures on hospitals to limit readmissions. Against this backdrop, we sought to investigate the association of post-acute care after major surgery and readmission rates. METHODS We identified patients undergoing high-risk surgery (abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, coronary bypass grafting, aortic valve replacement, carotid endarterectomy, esophagectomy, pancreatectomy, lung resection, and cystectomy) from 2005 to 2010 using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's State Inpatient Database. The primary outcome was readmission rates after major surgery. Secondary outcome was readmission length of stay. RESULTS We identified 135,523 patients of whom 56,720 (42%) received post-acute care. Patients receiving post-acute care had higher readmission rates than those who were discharged home (16% versus 10%, respectively; P < 0.001). The risk-adjusted readmission length of stay was greatest for patients who received care from a skilled nursing facility, followed by those who received home care, and lowest for those who did not receive post-acute care (7.1 versus 5.4 versus 4.8 d, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The use of post-acute care was associated with higher readmission rates and higher readmission lengths of stay. Improving the support of patients in post-acute care settings may help reduce readmissions and readmission intensity.
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Li BY, Zhu KY, Urish KL, Jacobs BL, Qin Y, Borza T, Hollenbeck BK, Helm JE, Lavieri MS, Skolarus TA. Understanding Readmission Policy Implications for US Hospitals Performing Major Surgery. J Am Coll Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.08.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kirk PS, Borza T, Caram MEV, Shumway DA, Makarov DV, Burns JA, Shelton JB, Leppert JT, Chapman C, Chang M, Hollenbeck BK, Skolarus TA. Characterising potential bone scan overuse amongst men treated with radical prostatectomy. BJU Int 2018; 124:55-61. [PMID: 30246937 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise bone scan use, and potential overuse, after radical prostatectomy (RP) using data from a large, national integrated delivery system. Overuse of imaging is well documented in the setting of newly diagnosed prostate cancer, but whether overuse persists after RP remains unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified 12 269 patients with prostate cancer treated with RP between 2005 and 2008 using the Veterans Administration Central Cancer Registry. We used administrative and laboratory data to examine rates of bone scan use, including preceding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and receipt of adjuvant or salvage therapy. We then performed multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with post-RP bone scan use. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 6.8 years, one in five men (22%) underwent a post-RP bone scan at a median PSA level of 0.2 ng/mL. Half of bone scans (48%) were obtained in men who did not receive further treatment with androgen-deprivation or radiation therapy. After adjustment, post-RP bone scan was associated with a prior bone scan (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-1.84), positive surgical margin (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.40-2.01), preoperative PSA level (aOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03), as well as Hispanic ethnicity, Black race, and increasing D'Amico risk category, but not with age or comorbidity. CONCLUSION We found a substantial rate of bone scan utilisation after RP. The majority were performed for PSA levels of <1 ng/mL where the likelihood of a positive test is low. More judicious use of imaging appears warranted in the post-RP setting.
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Krishnan N, Li B, Jacobs BL, Ambani SN, Borza T, He C, Hollenbeck BK, Morgan T, Hafez KS, Weizer AZ, Montgomery JS, Lee CT, Lesse O, Lavieri MS, Helm JE, Skolarus TA. The Fate of Radical Cystectomy Patients after Hospital Discharge: Understanding the Black Box of the Pre-readmission Interval. Eur Urol Focus 2018; 4:711-717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kirk PS, Borza T, Dupree JM, Wei JT, Ellimoottil C, Caram MEV, Burkhardt M, Heidelbaugh JJ, Hollenbeck BK, Skolarus TA. Potential Savings in Medicare Part D for Common Urological Conditions. UROLOGY PRACTICE 2018; 5:351-359. [PMID: 30555855 PMCID: PMC6290920 DOI: 10.1016/j.urpr.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Millions of patients take prescription medications each year for common urological conditions. Generic and brand-name drugs have widely divergent pricing despite similar therapeutic benefit and side effect profiles. We examined prescribing patterns across provider types for generic and brand-name drugs used to treat 3 common urological conditions, and estimated economic implications for Medicare Part D spending. METHODS We extracted 2014 prescription claims and payments from Medicare Part D and categorized oral medications used to treat 3 urological conditions, namely benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction and overactive bladder. We examined claims and payments for each medication among urologists and nonurologists. Lastly, we estimated potential savings by selecting a low cost or generic drug as a cost comparator for each class. RESULTS There were significant differences in prescribing patterns across these conditions, with urologists prescribing more brand-name and expensive medications (p <0.001). The total potential savings related to prescriptions of more expensive and nongeneric drugs in 2014 was $1 billion (benign prostatic hyperplasia $348,454,910, erectile dysfunction $10,211,914 and overactive bladder $698,130,833). These potential savings comprised 53% of the total spending for these medications in 2014. CONCLUSIONS Within Medicare Part D the potential savings associated with generic substitution for higher cost and nongeneric drugs for 3 common urological conditions surpassed $1 billion, with urologists more likely to prescribe brand-name and more expensive drugs. Increasing low cost and generic drug use where available evidence of efficacy is equivocal represents a promising policy target to optimize prescription drug spending.
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Urish KL, Qin Y, Li BY, Borza T, Sessine M, Kirk P, Hollenbeck BK, Helm JE, Lavieri MS, Skolarus TA, Jacobs BL. Predictors and Cost of Readmission in Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2018; 33:2759-2763. [PMID: 29753618 PMCID: PMC6103832 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement bundle was created to decrease total knee arthroplasty (TKA) cost. To help accomplish this, there is a focus on reducing TKA readmissions. However, there is a lack of national representative sample of all-payer hospital admissions to direct strategy, identify risk factors for readmission, and understand actual readmission cost. METHODS We used the Nationwide Readmission Database to examine national readmission rates, predictors of readmission, and associated readmission costs for elective TKA procedures. We fit a multivariable logistic regression model to examine factors associated with readmission. Then, we determined mean readmission costs and calculated the readmission cost when distributed across the entire TKA population. RESULTS We identified 224,465 patients having TKA across all states participating in the Nationwide Readmission Database. The mean unadjusted 30-day TKA readmission rate was 4%. The greatest predictors of readmission were congestive heart failure (odds ratio [OR] 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.62-2.80), renal disease (OR 2.19, 95% CI 2.03-2.37), and length of stay greater than 4 days (OR 2.4, 95% CI 2.25-2.61). The overall median cost for each readmission was $6753 ± 175. Extrapolating the readmission cost for the entire TKA population resulted in the readmission cost being 2% of the overall 30-day procedure cost. CONCLUSIONS A major focus of the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement bundle is improving cost and quality by limiting readmission rates. TKA readmissions are low and comprise a small percentage of total TKA cost, suggesting that they may not be the optimal measure of quality care or a significant driver of overall cost.
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Guo DP, Thomas IC, Mittakanti HR, Shelton JB, Makarov DV, Skolarus TA, Cooperberg MR, Sonn GA, Chung BI, Brooks JD, Leppert JT. The Research Implications of Prostate Specific Antigen Registry Errors: Data from the Veterans Health Administration. J Urol 2018; 200:541-548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.03.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Modi PK, Kaufman SR, Borza T, Yan P, Miller DC, Skolarus TA, Hollingsworth JM, Norton EC, Shahinian VB, Hollenbeck BK. Variation in prostate cancer treatment and spending among Medicare shared savings program accountable care organizations. Cancer 2018; 124:3364-3371. [PMID: 29905943 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accountable care organizations (ACOs) have been shown to reduce prostate cancer treatment among men unlikely to benefit because of competing risks (ie, potential overtreatment). This study assessed whether the level of engagement in ACOs by urologists affected rates of treatment, overtreatment, and spending. METHODS A 20% sample of national Medicare data was used to identify men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2012 and 2014. The extent of urologist engagement in an ACO, as measured by the proportion of patients in an ACO managed by an ACO-participating urologist, served as the exposure. The use of treatment, potential overtreatment (ie, treatment in men with a ≥75% risk of 10-year noncancer mortality), and average payments in the year after diagnosis for each ACO were modeled. RESULTS Among 2822 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, the median rates of treatment and potential overtreatment by an ACO were 71.3% (range, 23.6%-79.5%) and 53.6% (range, 12.4%-76.9%), respectively. Average Medicare payments among ACOs in the year after diagnosis ranged from $16,523.52 to $34,766.33. Stronger urologist-ACO engagement was not associated with treatment (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-1.2; P = .4) or spending (9.7% decrease in spending; P = .08). However, urologist engagement was associated with a lower likelihood of potential overtreatment (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.86; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS ACOs vary widely in treatment, potential overtreatment, and spending for prostate cancer. ACOs with stronger urologist engagement are less likely to treat men with a high risk of noncancer mortality, and this suggests that organizations that better engage specialists may be able to improve the value of specialty care. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Skolarus TA, Metreger T, Kim H, Grubb RL, Gingrich JR, Zhu H, Hwang S, Piette JD, Hawley ST. Self-management in prostate cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kirk PS, Borza T, Shahinian VB, Caram ME, Makarov DV, Shelton JB, Leppert JT, Blake RM, Davis JA, Hollenbeck BK, Sales A, Skolarus TA. The implications of baseline bone-health assessment at initiation of androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. BJU Int 2018; 121:558-564. [PMID: 29124881 PMCID: PMC5878705 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess bone-density testing (BDT) use amongst prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), and downstream implications for osteoporosis and fracture diagnoses, as well as pharmacological osteoporosis treatment in a national integrated delivery system. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified 17 017 men with prostate cancer who received any ADT between 2005 and 2014 using the Veterans Health Administration cancer registry and administrative data. We identified claims for BDT within a 3-year period of ADT initiation. We then used multivariable regression to examine the association between BDT use and incident osteoporosis, fracture, and use of pharmacological treatment. RESULTS We found that a minority of patients received BDT (n = 2 502, 15%); however, the rate of testing increased to >20% by the end of the study period. Men receiving BDT were older at diagnosis and had higher-risk prostate cancer (both P < 0.001). Osteoporosis and fracture diagnoses, use of vitamin D ± calcium, and bisphosphonates were all more common in men who received BDT. After adjustment, BDT, and to a lesser degree ≥2 years of ADT, were both independently associated with incident osteoporosis, fracture, and osteoporosis treatment. CONCLUSIONS BDT is rare amongst patients with prostate cancer treated with ADT in this integrated delivery system. However, BDT was associated with substantially increased treatment of osteoporosis indicating an underappreciated burden of osteoporosis amongst prostate cancer survivors initiating ADT. Optimising BDT use and osteoporosis management in this at-risk population appears warranted.
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Borza T, Yan P, Kaufman SR, Herrel L, Skolarus TA, Shahinian VB, Hollenbeck B. PD52-01 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RADIATION FACILITY OWNERSHIP AND VARIATION IN PROSTATE CANCER TREATMENT AND SPENDING. J Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Skolarus TA. Introduction to a Seminar on implementation and de-implementation to improve urologic cancer care. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:244-245. [PMID: 29455907 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Skolarus TA, Caram MV, Borza T. Editorial Comment. J Urol 2018; 199:1172-1173. [PMID: 29391136 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Agochukwu NQ, Skolarus TA, Wittmann D. Telemedicine and prostate cancer survivorship: a narrative review. Mhealth 2018; 4:45. [PMID: 30505843 PMCID: PMC6232082 DOI: 10.21037/mhealth.2018.09.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer survivors have unique needs that encompass diagnosis and treatment-related side effects. The provision of services for prostate cancer survivors is often limited by resources, time constraints in traditional clinic visits, payment, and patient and provider comfort with discussion of sensitive topics including sexual and urinary health, both of which are largely impacted by treatment. Telemedicine, the remote delivery of health care services using telephone, mobile, web, and video platforms, allows for potential cost savings, in addition to ease and comfort as patients can engage in telemedicine-based resources in the comfort of their homes. Furthermore, survivors prefer to seek information online making telemedicine approaches for prostate cancer survivorship care an ideal combination. A majority of the telemedicine-based interventions used the web, followed by telephone, mobile, and video platforms. In limited studies, telemedicine delivery of survivorship care has equal efficacy to traditional care delivery. In addition, although older patients did not use the Internet regularly, they were willing to adapt to Internet usage if it had the potential to increase their quality of life. Telemedicine delivery of prostate cancer survivorship care is acceptable, feasible, cost-effective, and potentially preferred by prostate cancer survivors. Additionally, it emphasizes knowledge, self-management and self-monitoring serving to increase self-efficacy. This specialized care allows for greater access and reaches a wider catchment area compared to traditional clinic visits. This is especially important as the number of prostate cancer survivors increases and healthcare systems incorporate alternatives to traditional in-person care.
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Hollenbeck BK, Kaufman SR, Borza T, Yan P, Herrel LA, Miller DC, Luckenbaugh AN, Skolarus TA, Shahinian VB. Accountable care organizations and prostate cancer care. UROLOGY PRACTICE 2017; 4:454-461. [PMID: 29170755 DOI: 10.1016/j.urpr.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Accountable care organizations have the potential to increase the value of healthcare by improving population health and enhanced financial stewardship. How practice context modifies effects on a specialty-focused disease, such as prostate cancer care, has implications for their success. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of newly diagnosed men with prostate cancer between 2012 and 2013 using national Medicare data. Practice affiliation (small single-specialty, large single-specialty, multispecialty groups) and accountable care organization alignment were measured at the patient level. Generalized linear multivariable models were fitted to derive adjusted rates of treatment and spending for the 12-month period after diagnosis according to accountable care organization alignment and practice affiliation. Results Of 15,640 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, 1,100 (7.0%) were aligned with accountable care organizations. Patients in these organizations had similar use of curative treatment to those not in accountable care organizations (71.4% vs. 70.0%, respectively; p=0.33), which did not vary with practice affiliation (p=0.39). Adjusted spending was higher among patients in accountable care organizations ($20,916 vs. $19,773, p=0.03); however, this relationship was independent of the practice affiliation (p=0.90). Higher accountable care organization penetration within a practice was associated with increased spending (p<0.05) but not with treatment (p=0.87). Conclusions Prostate cancer patients aligned with accountable care organizations had similar rates of treatment, but increased spending, in the year following diagnosis. These findings were similar across practice affiliations. Better specialist engagement by accountable care organizations may be necessary for them to alter practice patterns for specialty care.
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Borza T, Kaufman SR, Yan P, Herrel LA, Luckenbaugh AN, Miller DC, Skolarus TA, Jacobs BL, Hollingsworth JM, Norton EC, Shahinian VB, Hollenbeck BK. Early effect of Medicare Shared Savings Program accountable care organization participation on prostate cancer care. Cancer 2017; 124:563-570. [PMID: 29053177 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accountable care organizations (ACOs) can improve prostate cancer care by decreasing treatment variations (ie, avoidance of treatment in low-value settings). Herein, the authors performed a study to understand the effect of Medicare Shared Savings Program ACOs on prostate cancer care. METHODS Using a 20% Medicare sample, the authors identified men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer from 2010 through 2013. Rates of treatment, potential overtreatment (ie, treatment in men with a ≥75% chance of 10-year mortality from competing risks), and Medicare payments were measured using regression models. The impact of ACO participation was assessed using difference-in-differences analyses. RESULTS Before implementation of ACOs, the treatment rate was 71.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 70.2%-73.3%) for ACO-aligned beneficiaries and 72.3% (95% CI, 71.7%-73.0% [P = .51]) for non-ACO-aligned beneficiaries. After implementation, this rate declined to 68.4% (95% CI, 66.1%-70.7% [P = .017]) for ACO-aligned beneficiaries and 69.3% (95% CI, 68.5%-70.1% [P<.001]) for non-ACO-aligned beneficiaries. There was no differential effect noted for ACO participation. The rate of potential overtreatment decreased from 48.2% (95% CI, 43.1%-53.3%) to 40.2% (95% CI, 32.4%-48.0% [P = .087]) for ACO-aligned beneficiaries and increased from 44.3% (95% CI, 42.1%-46.5%) to 47.0% (95% CI, 44.5%-49.5% [P = .11]) for non-ACO-aligned beneficiaries. These changes resulted in a significant relative decrease in overtreatment of 17% for ACO-aligned beneficiaries (difference-in-differences, 10.8%; P = .031). Payments were not found to be differentially affected by ACO alignment. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of prostate cancer and annual payments decreased significantly between 2010 and 2013, but ACO participation did not appear to impact these trends. Among men least likely to benefit, Medicare Shared Savings Program ACO alignment was associated with a significant decline in prostate cancer treatment. Cancer 2018;124:563-70. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Fenstermaker M, Paknikar S, Rambhatla A, Ohl DA, Skolarus TA, Dupree JM. The State of Men's Health Services in the Veterans Health Administration. Curr Urol Rep 2017; 18:88. [PMID: 28921390 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-017-0733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW For many diseases that place a large burden on our health care system, men often have worse health outcomes than women. As the largest single provider of health care to men in the USA, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) has the potential to serve as leader in the delivery of improved men's health care to address these disparities. RECENT FINDINGS The VA system has made recent strides in improving benefits for aspects of men's health that are traditionally poorly covered, such as treatment for male factor infertility. Despite this, review of Quality Enhancement Research Initiatives (QUERIs) within the VA system reveals few efforts to integrate disparate areas of care into a holistic men's health program. Policies to unify currently disparate aspects of men's health care will ensure that the VA remains a progressive model for other health care systems in the USA.
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