Synthesis and characterizations of peripheral octa-amino and octa-amidophthalocyanines

Novel 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octaamino substituted Ni(II) phthalocyanine (2) was synthesized from tosylamido (tosyl: toluene-p-sulphonyl) derivative by the cleavage of tosyl groups in the presence of 90% sulfuric acid. Octa-hexanoylamido Ni(II) phthalocyanine (3a) and octa-lauroylamido Ni(II) phthalocyanine (3b) were obtained by reacting of octa-amino Ni(II) phthalocyanine (2) with hexanoyl chloride and lauroyl chloride, respectively. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The aggregation behaviors of new compounds were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy.

Synthesis and characterization of novel liquid and liquid crystalline phthalocyanines

Peripheral and non-peripheral tetra(13,17-dioxanonacosane-15-hydroxy) substituted metal free-, Ni (II) and Zn (II) phthalocyanines have been synthesized from the corresponding phthalonitrile derivatives in the presence of the anhydrous metal salt ( NiCl 2 and Zn ( OOCCH 3)2) or a strong organic base. The new compounds have been characterised by elemental analyses, IR, NMR, mass spectra and electronic spectroscopy. The mesogenic properties of these new materials were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical polarised microscopy and X-ray investigations. The effects of peripheral or non-peripheral substitution of (13,17-dioxanonacosane-15-hydroxy) to the phthalocyanine ring are also investigated. It is found out that non-peripheral substituted phthalocyanine derivatives (4a-c) are liquid at room temperature whereas, peripheral substituted phthalocyanine derivatives (7a-c) exhibit ordered discotic hexagonal columnar mesophases ( Col h) at room temperature.

Synthesis and characterization of di-n-hexylamino-substituted phthalocyanines

Metal-free- and metallophthalocyanines ( M = Ni , Zn and Co ) carrying four di-n-hexylamino and four chloro groups in peripheral positions have been synthesized from the corresponding dichlorophthalonitrile derivative in the presence of the anhydrous metal salts [ NiCl 2, Zn ( O 2 CMe )2, CoCl 2] or a strong organic base. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR, NMR and electronic spectroscopy and mass spectra.

Preparation of N-bridged diiron phthalocyanines bearing bulky or small electron-withdrawing substituents

The synthesis of novel μ-nitrido diiron phthalocyanine with electron-withdrawing substituents is reported: μ-nitrido tetra-methylsulfonylphthalocyanine (13), μ-nitrido tetra-ethylsulfonylphthalocyanine (14), μ-nitrido tetra-adamantylsulfonylphthalocyanine (15), μ-nitrido tetra-cyclohexylsulfonylphthalocyanine (16). These complexes were characterized by ESI-MS, UV-vis, FT-IR and EPR techniques. The state of these complexes depends on the size of the substituents. Complexes 13 and 14 bearing small methylsulfonyl and ethylsulfonyl substituents are cationic ( PcFe IV NFe IV Pc )+ N 3- complexes while complexes 15 and 16 with bulkier adamantylsulfonyl and cyclohexylsulfonyl substituents are formally neutral PcFe III NFe IV Pc complexes which can be represented as PcFe (+3.5) NFe (+3.5) Pc .

Recent studies chemical sensors based on phthalocyanines

Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are organic compounds able to act as chemical recognition systems because of the various physical effects induced in them by interaction with a large number of gases. The gas response, stability and other sensing characteristics of the Pc films are affected by many factors, such as film morphology, molecular orientation and so on. The interaction between the Pc coatings and the gas molecules may be classified in terms of irreversible chemical affinity, reversible (usually charge transfer) chemical reaction or sorption. The nature of the interactions between the coating and vapor molecules determines the selectivity, sensitivity, signal kinetics, and the reversibility of the sensor. The magnitude of these interactions may be conveniently described in the frame of the linear sorption energy relationship (LSER) model that has been shown to be very efficient at predicting the behavior of polymer-based sensors. In this paper, the effect of coating parameters on sensing properties and sensing mechanism are reviewed. We have proposed an alternative way to achieve optimal sensor performance: liquid crystalline Pcs forming self-ordered thin films of defined area and thickness simply by heating the sample over the phase transition temperature and synthetized mesomorphic and functionalized phthalocyanines, to develop sensors based on mass-sensitive transducers (quartz crystal microbalance, QCM). Phthalocyanines used are discussed in terms of their physical and chemical properties, as well as their sensing properties: sensitivity, selectivity and reversibility. We showed our results with LSER and the results are in good agreement with this theory.

Light-triggered liposomal release: membrane permeabilization by photodynamic action

Photosensitized damage to liposome membranes was studied by using different dye-leakage assays based on fluorescence dequenching of a series of dyes upon their release from liposomes. Irradiation of liposomes with red light in the presence of a photosensitizer, trisulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS(3)), resulted in the pronounced leakage of carboxyfluorescein, but rather weak leakage of sulforhodamine B and almost negligible leakage of calcein from the corresponding dye-loaded liposomes. The same series of selectivity of liposome leakage was obtained with chlorin e6 that appeared to be more potent than AlPcS(3) in bringing about the photosensitized liposome leakage. Electrically neutral zinc phthalocyanine tetrasubstituted with a glycerol moiety (ZnPcGlyc(4)) was less effective than negatively charged AlPcS(3) in provoking the light-induced liposome permeabilization. On the contrary, both ZnPcGlyc(4) and AlPcS(3) were much more effective than chlorin e6 in sensitizing gramicidin channel inactivation in planar bilayer lipid membranes, thus showing that relative photodynamic efficacy of sensitizers can differ substantially for damaging different membrane targets. The photosensitized liposome permeabilization was apparently associated with oxidation of lipid double bonds by singlet oxygen as evidenced by the mandatory presence of unsaturated lipids in the membrane composition for the photosensitized liposome leakage to occur and the sensitivity of the latter to sodium azide. The fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements revealed marked permeability of photodynamically induced pores in liposome membranes for such photosensitizer as AlPcS(3).

Water-soluble cationic gallium(III) and indium(III) phthalocyanines for photodynamic therapy

The new tetra-non-peripheral and peripheral 2-mercaptopyridine substituted gallium(III) and indium(III) phthalocyanine complexes (np-GaPc, p-GaPc, np-InPc and p-InPc) and their quaternized derivatives (Qnp-GaPc, Qp-GaPc, Qnp-InPc and Qp-InPc) have been synthesized and characterized. The quaternized complexes show excellent solubility in water, which makes them potential photosensitizer for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Photophysical and photochemical properties of these phthalocyanines were investigated. General trends are described for quantum yields of photodegradation, fluorescence and fluorescence lifetimes as well as singlet oxygen quantum yields of these compounds. In this study, the effects of the position of the substituents, the nature of the metal ion and quaternization of the substituents on the photophysical and photochemical parameters of the gallium(III) and indium(III) phthalocyanines are also reported. This study also presented the ionic gallium(III) and indium(III) phthalocyanines strongly bind to bovine serum albumin (BSA).