[Myeloarchitectonics of visceral nerves during human ontogeny]

In transversal electively stained histological sections of the vascular-neural complexes of the nephric ovarian, proper hepatic, common carotid, femoral arteries neural trunklets were counted, their diameters were measured, myelin fibres were divided into thin, middle and thick groups. In mature persons, the number of the neural trunklets (including those of microscopic diameter) in every paravasal plexus is greater than in newborns and in old persons. Total number of the myelin fibres, in mature persons, is greater than in newborns: in nerves of the ovarian plexus 13, in nerves of the nephric plexus 4.5, in nerves of the hepatic plexus 2.5, in nerves of common carotid artery 6, in the femoral artery 1.5 times as great in the former than in the latter. In old persons total number of myelin fibres grows smaller comparing to those in mature persons. The thick and middle fibres (their part is maximal in mature persons) undergo resorption to a greater extent than the thin ones in the nerves of old persons. In the individuals of the same age group, as well as in separate groups, the total number of myelin fibres varies within a wide range. As quantitative factors demonstrate, the definitive ensemble of the myelin conductors mature asynchronously in nerves of different organs. Difference in quantitative and qualitative contents of the myelin component reflect certain specificity of the conductive link of innervation, peculiar for each organ at every stage of the individual development.

[Effect of acrylonitrile on gamma-aminobutyric acid levels, glutamate decarboxylase activity, and lipid peroxidation in rat brain]

Acrylonitrile after intraperitoneal administration into rats decreased the content of gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) and inhibited the glutamate decarboxylase activity in brain tissue. Incubation of brain supernatant with acrylonitrile led to stimulation of lipid peroxidation and to a decrease in content of thiols, alpha-Tocopherol prevented the prooxidant effect of acrylonitrile in vitro as well as its effect on glutamate decarboxylase activity and on GABA content in vivo. The neurotoxic effect of acrylonitrile might be related to stimulation of lipid peroxidation.

[Blood serum enzymes in assessing the nature of the liver lesion and the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic actions in acrylonitrile poisoning]

After intraperitoneal administration of acrylonitrile into rats, fructose monophosphate aldolase was found in blood serum, activity of butyryl cholinesterase was inhibited but activity of alkaline phosphatase was unaltered in rat blood serum; these data demonstrate the necro-bystrophic type impairment. Decrease in the hepatotoxic effect of acrylonitrile after preadministration of antioxidants appears to be a result of stimulation of lipid peroxidation, preventing the toxic effect of this industrially important substance.

[Interaction of acrylonitrile with the microsomal oxidation system of the rat liver]

A complex with unusual spectral properties was formed after interaction of acrylonitrile with microsomal cytochrome P-450. In the absorption spectrum of the complex the minimum was observed at 400-410 nm but no distinct absorption maxima were found. Acrylonitrile stimulated utilization of oxygen during oxidation of NADP and inhibited hydroxylation of p-nitroanizol and N-demethylation of dimethylaniline. The data obtained suggest possibility of interaction of acrylonitrile with the microsomal system of oxidation.

[Acrylonitrile stimulation of lipid peroxidation in rat liver]

Acrylonitrile stimulated slightly the lipid peroxidation in isolated microsomes and exhibited distinct prooxidative effect in postmitochondrial supernatant, containing microsomes and cell juice. Acrylonitrile did not form a complex with cytochrome P-450, possessing distinct spectral properties of the I or II types, and did not stimulate the oxygen utilization by microsomes in presence of NADPH. The hepatotoxic effect of acrylonitrile appears to be due to its property to stimulate the formation of lipid peroxides in hepatocytes.

[Activation of the rate of enzymatic formation of sulfhydryl groups by serotonin]

Administration of serotonin into animals and incubation of serotonin with homogenates stimulated disulphide reductase in liver and spleen tissues. The effect of serotonin in vivo was probably mediated by liberation of catecholamines; it was eliminated by pyrilene and reserpine. The reflex mechanisms of catecholamines liberation were mediated by serotonin through serotonin-receptors of T-type. Alteration in the disulphide reductase activity correlated with the increased content of thiols after administration of serotonin.

[Nuclear spin relaxation of water adsorbate protons in biological matrices]

The structure and motility of water molecules adsorbed on collagen and ovalbumen have been investigated by spin-echo method. The differentiation of adsorbate to two subsystems, one of which is the hydrate shell of the macromolecules has been found. The molecular exchange between subsystems takes place with temperature-dependent intensities.

[Nuclear spin relaxation of absorbed water protons in biological matrices]

The theoretical calculation of the nuclear spin relaxation times of water protons absorbed on biological matrices in considered for the case of relaxation diffusive mechanism. The influence of the molecular elementary jump realization number and long-range order of the spin interaction on values T1 and T2 is shown.