76
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Hoehe MR, Berrettini WH, Schwinn DA, Hsieh WT. A two-allele PstI RFLP for the alpha-1C adrenergic receptor gene (ADRA1C). Hum Mol Genet 1993; 1:349. [PMID: 1363873 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/1.5.349-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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77
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Wolkowitz OM, Coppola R, Breier A, Doran AR, Rubinow DR, Berrettini WH, Kling MA, Pickar D. Quantitative electroencephalographic correlates of steroid administration in man. Neuropsychobiology 1993; 27:224-30. [PMID: 8232843 DOI: 10.1159/000118985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of circulating corticosteroids are frequently associated with behavioral alterations in man, although the mechanisms by which corticosteroids may affect behavior are poorly understood. To evaluate possible effects of exogenous corticosteroids on brain electrophysiological functioning and the relationship of such effects to behavioral and biochemical changes, we administered prednisone (80 mg p.o. daily for 5 days) in a double-blind manner to 11 medically healthy volunteers. Quantitative electroencephalogram analysis was performed following 4 days of prednisone administration and during the preceding and ensuing placebo administration periods. Central theta wave brain electrical activity significantly increased following prednisone administration and returned to baseline following prednisone withdrawal. This effect was directly correlated with prednisone-induced increases in subjective sadness ratings and with decreases in self-rated energy and well-being. Prednisone-induced reductions in peak alpha wave activity were also directly correlated with increases in subjective sadness and Symptom Checklist-90 ratings and with decreases in self-rated 'hypomanic' symptoms. Further, prednisone-induced increases in theta activity were significantly correlated with prednisone-induced decreases in CSF levels of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity, and prednisone-induced decreases in peak alpha activity were significantly correlated with decreases in CSF levels of norepinephrine and with relative increases (or lesser decreases) in CSF levels of beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropic hormone. This preliminary report of the concomitant development of prednisone-induced changes in brain electrical activity, neurochemistry and behavior highlights areas for future exploration in the study of corticosteroid effects on behavior in man.
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78
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Litvan I, Berrettini WH, Atack JR, Chase TN. CSF galanin and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in progressive supranuclear palsy. Acta Neurol Scand 1992; 86:204-6. [PMID: 1384261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) has been associated with degenerative changes in cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons in several brain regions. Since acetylcholine is colocalized with the neuropeptide galanin in certain neuronal populations, we measured the concentration of this neuropeptide and neuropeptide Y in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 11 patients with PSP and in 16 age-matched healthy controls. No significant alterations in the CSF levels of galanin or neuropeptide Y were found.
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79
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Detera-Wadleigh SD, Berrettini WH, Goldin LR, Martinez M, Hsieh WT, Hoehe MR, Encio IJ, Coffman D, Rollins DY, Muniec D. A systematic search for a bipolar predisposing locus on chromosome 5. Neuropsychopharmacology 1992; 6:219-29. [PMID: 1632891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 5 markers spanning the pter to the qter were used to examine linkage to bipolar illness in 14 pedigrees. Twenty-four loci were examined in 237 individuals, of whom 69 were either bipolars or schizoaffectives. Marker genotypes were determined for each individual and lod scores were calculated under a dominant disease model with a maximum penetrance of 85%, a disease gene frequency of 0.015, a variable age of onset, and a phenocopy rate of 0.001. Under the assumption that bipolar illness is genetically homogeneous, the total lod scores from all pedigrees with each marker were uniformly lower than -2.0, suggesting the absence of linkage to disease at any of these loci. Multipoint analysis allowed exclusion of intervals between markers. When lod scores were calculated allowing for heterogeneity, no subset of linked families was found. These results indicate that in our pedigree series almost the entire mapped region of chromosome 5 can be excluded for linkage to bipolar illness.
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80
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Baronti F, Conant KE, Giuffra M, Davis TL, Brughitta G, Iadarola MJ, Berrettini WH, Chase TN, Mouradian MM. Opioid peptides in Parkinson's disease: effects of dopamine repletion. Brain Res 1991; 560:92-6. [PMID: 1684735 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91219-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters other than dopamine, including neuropeptides, could have important pathophysiologic and therapeutic roles in Parkinson's disease. Both Met-enkephalin, the main transmitter of the striatopallidal pathway, and dynorphin, one of the co-transmitters of the striatonigral pathway display complex anatomic and biochemical interactions with the basal ganglionic dopamine system. In this study, the cerebrospinal fluid content of a proenkephalin derivative, Met5 enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (MERGL), was found in significantly low concentrations in parkinsonian patients following overnight withdrawal of all medications compared with control subjects, and failed to change after at least 16 h of steady-state, optimal doses of levodopa infusion intravenously. MERGL levels increased with advancing age among normal individuals but not among patients with Parkinson's disease. In contrast dynorphin A(1-8) levels were not different between the two study groups, did not change with levodopa therapy, and failed to correlate with age or any indices of disease progression. These observations, consistent with post-mortem studies on Parkinson brains and contrary to findings in animal models of Parkinsonism, suggest that abnormality of the enkephalin system in this disease is due to involvement of these striatal neurons in the primary pathologic process.
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81
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Caenazzo L, Hoehe MR, Hsieh WT, Berrettini WH, Bonner TI, Gershon ES. HindIII identifies a two allele DNA polymorphism of the human cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR). Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:4798. [PMID: 1679930 PMCID: PMC328762 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.17.4798-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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82
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83
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Sunderland T, Berrettini WH, Molchan SE, Lawlor BA, Martinez RA, Vitiello B, Tariot PN, Cohen RM. Reduced cerebrospinal fluid dynorphin A1-8 in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 1991; 30:81-7. [PMID: 1716470 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90073-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of dynorphin A were compared in three groups. Alzheimer patients (n = 9), elderly depressives (n = 9), and age-matched normal controls (n = 9). The Alzheimer patients revealed a 40% decrease in CSF dynorphin compared with controls (36 +/- 15 versus 60 +/- 21 pg/ml, p less than 0.05). In contrast, other peptide measures [Neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and galanin] remained unchanged across groups. This finding was further supported when an additional 20 Alzheimer patients with similar clinical backgrounds also showed reduced CSF dynorphin (37 +/- 13 pg/ml). CSF dynorphin did not correlate significantly with clinical variables or other CSF measures of monoamine metabolites [i.e., 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA)]. Given the previous report of increased kappa binding of Alzheimer brains at autopsy, the authors speculate about a possible up-regulation of opiate receptors in Alzheimer's disease and suggest ways to test this hypothesis in vivo.
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84
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Hoehe MR, Ehrenreich H, Caenazzo L, Berrettini WH. TaqI identifies a four allele DNA polymorphism of the human endothelin-1 gene (EDN1). Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:3161. [PMID: 2057379 PMCID: PMC328298 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.11.3161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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85
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Hsieh WT, Barrick JL, Berrettini WH, Chan MM, Fong D. A PstI DNA polymorphism in the human stefin A gene (STF 1). Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:1722. [PMID: 1674139 PMCID: PMC333958 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.7.1722-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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86
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Lesem MD, Berrettini WH, Kaye WH, Jimerson DC. Measurement of CSF dynorphin A 1-8 immunoreactivity in anorexia nervosa and normal-weight bulimia. Biol Psychiatry 1991; 29:244-52. [PMID: 1673064 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(91)91286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-one patients with anorexia nervosa and 35 normal-weight patients with bulimia underwent a series of CSF studies involving measurement of CSF dynorphin A 1-8 immunoreactivity during hospitalization in an eating-disorder treatment and research program. The control group consisted of 17 healthy volunteers. There were no statistically significant differences in CSF dynorphin A 1-8 measurements among groups or within a group at various stages of treatment. These results regarding dynorphin A 1-8 immunoreactivity are discussed in light of other evidence for altered opiate function in some eating-disorder patients.
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87
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Zahn TP, Nurnberger JI, Berrettini WH, Robinson TN. Concordance between anxiety and autonomic nervous system activity in subjects at genetic risk for affective disorder. Psychiatry Res 1991; 36:99-110. [PMID: 2017527 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Correlations between electrodermal and heart rate indices of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and measures of state and trait anxiety were examined in 22 high-risk subjects, who had a parent with bipolar affective disorder, and in controls. Relatively consistent and significant correlations between anxiety and ANS "arousal" at rest and under stress were found in high-risk subjects, but not in controls. Relationships between electrodermal laterality and anxiety, and between electrodermal activity and heart rate, were also observed only in the high-risk group. The data suggest a unique concordance between various manifestations of anxiety in high-risk persons which may effectively increase the salience of stressful events and the sensitization to stress.
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88
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Gejman PV, Detera-Wadleigh S, Martinez MM, Berrettini WH, Goldin LR, Gelernter J, Hsieh WT, Gershon ES. Manic depressive illness not linked to factor IX region in an independent series of pedigrees. Genomics 1990; 8:648-55. [PMID: 1980485 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90251-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied seven informative kindreds segregating for manic depressive illness (MDI), consistent with X-chromosome transmission of the trait (families do not show affective disease in both a father and a son), using markers mapped to the region of Xq27-Xq28. The lod scores were consistently below -2 in the region extending from about 10 cM centromeric from the Factor IX locus (F9) to the colorblindness region. This study does not replicate previous reports of linkage of MDI to Factor IX (Xq27) and colorblindness region (Xq28) chromosomal markers in other kindreds.
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89
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Wolkowitz OM, Rubinow D, Doran AR, Breier A, Berrettini WH, Kling MA, Pickar D. Prednisone effects on neurochemistry and behavior. Preliminary findings. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1990; 47:963-8. [PMID: 1977371 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1990.01810220079010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the neurochemical, neuroendocrine, and behavioral effects of exogenous corticosteroids in humans, we administered prednisone (80 mg/d orally for 5 days) in a double-blind manner to 12 medically healthy volunteers. Behavioral measures were assessed before, during, and after prednisone administration in all 12 subjects, and cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry was assessed before and during prednisone administration in 9 of the subjects. Prednisone administration was associated with decreases in cerebrospinal fluid levels of corticotropin, norepinephrine, beta-endorphin, beta-lipotropin, and somatostatinlike immunoreactivity. No significant changes were noted in cerebrospinal fluid levels of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, homovanillic acid, or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. No consistent or significant group mean changes were observed in structured behavioral ratings, although 9 (75%) of the volunteers studied reported mild behavioral changes while receiving prednisone. Correlations between the neurochemical and behavioral changes are discussed.
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90
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Berrettini WH, Goldin LR, Gelernter J, Gejman PV, Gershon ES, Detera-Wadleigh S. X-chromosome markers and manic-depressive illness. Rejection of linkage to Xq28 in nine bipolar pedigrees. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1990; 47:366-73. [PMID: 2322087 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1990.01810160066010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Numerous reports have been published concerning linkage of X-chromosome markers of the q28 region (including protan and deutan color blindness [CB] and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency) to manic-depressive illness. We studied nine bipolar pedigrees (in which there was no male-to-male transmission) in an attempt to detect linkage, using three tightly linked polymorphic DNA loci, DXS15, DXS52 and F8C (factor 8 gene), all of which are closely linked to the CB and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase classic Xq28 markers. Linkage to this region of Xq28 could be excluded unequivocally in these nine families. When these data were combined with our earlier series of bipolar pedigrees, informative for either protan or deutan CB, a total of 14 bipolar pedigrees have been studied, with no evidence of linkage or heterogeneity. At a recombination fraction (theta) of 1%, this series had greater than 95% power to detect linkage if only 50% of the pedigrees studied were linked to the CB region. Our failure to confirm the previously reported linkage of manic-depressive illness to the CB region of the X chromosome indicates that this linkage is not as common as previously suggested.
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91
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Hoehe MR, Berrettini WH, Regan JW. A biallelic RFLP of the human alpha 2-C4 adrenergic receptor gene (ADRA2RL2) localized on the short arm of chromosome 4 and encoding the putative alpha 2B receptor is identified with Bsu 36 I, using a 1.5 kb probe (p ADRA2RL2). Nucleic Acids Res 1989; 17:10148. [PMID: 2574850 PMCID: PMC335283 DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.23.10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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92
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Zahn TP, Nurnberger JI, Berrettini WH. Electrodermal activity in young adults at genetic risk for affective disorder. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1989; 46:1120-4. [PMID: 2589926 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810120062010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Low electrodermal activity has been proposed as a trait marker for affective disorder. We attempted to determine if low electrodermal activity could be a genetic marker by testing subjects at genetic risk for affective disorder. High-risk subjects, 22 offspring of a parent with bipolar affective disorder, and 27 low-risk controls 15 to 25 years old had skin conductance recorded bilaterally during rest periods, presentation of 10 nonsignal tones, and performance of reaction-time and mental arithmetic tasks. There were no significant differences in skin conductance levels under any condition or in the frequency or amplitude of orienting responses to nonsignal tones. During task periods high-risk subjects showed significantly greater electrodermal activity that was lateralized to the left hand. Self-rated depression was higher in the high-risk group during task periods. The results show that low electrodermal activity is not a likely genetic marker for affective disorder but suggest that autonomic hyperresponsivity, atypically lateralized information processing, and depressive affect occur during mild stress in persons at risk for the development of affective disorder.
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93
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Berrettini WH, Garrick NA, Nurnberger JI, Simmons-Alling S, Gelernter J, Gold PW, Rubinow DR, Murphy DL. Intravenous physostigmine increases cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptide-Y. Biol Psychiatry 1989; 26:623-30. [PMID: 2790099 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(89)90087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability to measure directly central nervous system (CNS) neurotransmitter changes after an acute pharmacological challenge would be a useful clinical tool in psychiatric research. As one approach to this possibility, we attempted to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuropeptide changes produced by an intravenous infusion of the indirect cholinergic agonist physostigmine. Six rhesus monkeys, with indwelling CSF catheters, had serial CSF samples removed before and after a 15 micrograms/kg physostigmine infusion. Five of six monkeys studied showed at least a 50% increase in CSF neuropeptide-Y (NPY) levels. Normal human subjects (n = 27) had CSF sampled before and 15, 30, and 45 min after an acute intravenous infusion of physostigmine (either 0, 5, or 15 micrograms/kg). An Analysis of Variance revealed a significant (p = 0.04) dose-time interaction, suggesting that physostigmine increased CSF NPY at the 15 micrograms/kg dose. CSF levels of seven other neuropeptides remained unchanged. These results suggest that the pharmacological challenge paradigm can be adapted to CSF neuropeptides, providing new measures of CNS stimulus-induced response beyond the peripheral plasma determinations usually employed.
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94
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Hoehe MR, Berrettini WH, Baetge EE. BANI detects a biallelic DNA polymorphism of the human phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase [hPNMT] gene. Nucleic Acids Res 1989; 17:2148. [PMID: 2564664 PMCID: PMC317574 DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.5.2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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95
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Hoehe MR, Berrettini WH, Baetge EE. A two allele DNA polymorphism of the human phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (hPNMT) gene identified by HGIA I. Nucleic Acids Res 1989; 17:828. [PMID: 2563586 PMCID: PMC331652 DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.2.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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96
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Hoehe MR, Berrettini WH, Lentes KU. Dra I identifies a two allele DNA polymorphism in the human alpha 2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRAR), using a 5.5 kb probe (p ADRAR). Nucleic Acids Res 1988; 16:9070. [PMID: 2902571 PMCID: PMC338680 DOI: 10.1093/nar/16.18.9070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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97
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Berrettini WH, Oxenstierna G, Sedvall G, Nurnberger JI, Gold PW, Rubinow DR, Goldin LR. Characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptides relevant to clinical research. Psychiatry Res 1988; 25:349-59. [PMID: 3186863 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(88)90104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) peptides were conducted in an attempt to broaden the utility of CSF peptide determinations in psychiatric research. Healthy volunteers had two lumbar punctures, at least 3 weeks apart, to assess reproducibility within subjects. CSF levels of eight peptides were reliably reproducible, indicating that longitudinal studies of these CSF neuropeptides are feasible. Levels of 10 peptides were determined in four sequential 8 ml aliquots of CSF. CSF rostrocaudal gradients were not found for any of these 10 peptides. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), growth hormone releasing factor (GHRF), and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) were measured in CSF from twins and brothers. CSF NPY levels were heritable, while CRF and GHRF levels were influenced more by environment. CSF levels of CRF, beta-lipotropin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and somatostatin were highly correlated with one another, suggesting that a common factor is responsible for a significant proportion of the observed variance in their CSF levels. These results suggest that CSF peptide measurements may have a broad range of applicability to clinical psychiatric research.
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98
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Berrettini WH, Hoehe MR. A polymorphism of the beta 1 adrenergic receptor gene (BADR) detected with Bgl I. Nucleic Acids Res 1988; 16:7754. [PMID: 2901068 PMCID: PMC338476 DOI: 10.1093/nar/16.15.7754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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99
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Lentes KU, Berrettini WH, Hoehe MR, Chung FZ, Gershon ES. A biallelic DNA polymorphism of the human beta-2-adrenergic receptor detected by Ban I-Adrbr-2. Nucleic Acids Res 1988; 16:2359. [PMID: 2895913 PMCID: PMC338245 DOI: 10.1093/nar/16.5.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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100
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Brewerton TD, Berrettini WH, Nurnberger JI, Linnoila M. Analysis of seasonal fluctuations of CSF monoamine metabolites and neuropeptides in normal controls: findings with 5HIAA and HVA. Psychiatry Res 1988; 23:257-65. [PMID: 2455302 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(88)90016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal variations of certain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters have been reported in several psychiatric patient groups, but there is little or no available information on such variations in normal individuals. To evaluate possible circannual variations in the major CSF monoamine metabolites and an array of neuropeptide measures, we analyzed data from 20 to 34 normal volunteers studied over a 3-year period. Data were analyzed for seasonal and cross-seasonal fluctuations by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni t tests when appropriate. The only statistically significant findings by ANOVA were for CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), both of which were lowest during spring and highest during summer. These spring-summer differences were statistically significant following Bonferroni t tests. These data support a growing body of evidence indicating a substantial seasonal effect on the serotonin system and suggest that any group analysis of CSF 5HIAA, and perhaps HVA, should take into account circannual variability.
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