Uniform warm dense matter formed by direct laser heating in the presence of external magnetic fields

With the recent realization of kilotesla quasistatic magnetic fields, the interaction of a laser with magnetized solids enters an unexplored new regime. In particular, a circularly polarized (CP) laser pulse may propagate in a highly magnetized plasma of any high density without encountering cutoff reflection in the whistler mode. With this, we propose a scheme for producing uniform warm dense matter (WDM) by direct laser heating with a CP laser irradiating onto the target along the magnetic field. It is shown by particle-in-cell simulations, which include advanced ionization dynamics and collision dynamics, moderately intense right-hand CP laser light at 10^{15}W/cm^{2} can propagate in solid aluminum and heat it efficiently to the 100 eV level within picoseconds. By using two laser pulses irradiating from two sides of a thin solid target, uniform heating to WDM can be achieved. This provides a controllable way to create WDM at different temperatures.

FRI0012 THERAPEUTIC VALUE OF CURCUMIN ON INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATION IN TAKAYASU’S ARTERITIS CAUSED BY HSP65-MEDIATED CCL2 OVEREXPRESSION

Background:

Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized with macrophages infiltration. During active stage, aorta adventitial fibroblasts (AAFs) proliferate excessively and produce numerous pro-inflammatory factors in the adventitia, which is the main target of TA therapy. Monocyte chemokine CCL2 may contribute to the infiltration of macrophages in TA arteries[1]but whether with relationship with HSP65, an antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. TB) which might involve in the pathogenesis of TA[2]and activate AAFs to produce inflammatory factors, has not been reported. The treatment of TA is full of difficulties and contradictions[3]. Curcumin is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory effect[4], whether it is effective on TA and the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Objectives:

To explore the mechanism of TA inflammation triggered by M. TB associated antigen HSP65 activating AAFs, as well as the therapeutic value of curcumin in the initiation and development of TA.

Methods:

We first verified high HSP65 expression in aortic adventitia of TA patients by IHC. mRNA-seq was used to profile DEGs between AAFs stimulated by HSP65 with or without pretreated with curcumin, and AAFs without any treatment. Then the key chemokine CCL2 screened by mRNA-seq was detected in the adventitia of TA aorta, and its correlation with HSP65 expression was analyzed by double-labelled IF. Subsequently, we explored how HSP65 affected the production of inflammatory factors by AAFs at cellular level and its related signal pathway. Simultaneously, we explored whether curcumin could hinder this process. and verified the effect of curcumin on serum CCL2 level in patients with TA. Finally, serum CCL2 and other inflammation indicators of TA patients at baseline and after 3 months treatment by curcumin were determined.

Results:

HSP65 was highly expressed in the adventitia of TA arteries. DEGs analysis showed a key role of CCL2. The expression of CCL2 in adventitia of TA arteries was significantly higher than healthy subjects, and was correlated with HSP65. HSP65 facilitated the production of CCL2, IL-6 and IL-1β by AAFs via activating TLR4-JAK2/AKT/STAT3 pathway, among which the change of CCL2 was the most remarkable. Curcumin reversed the upregulation of CCL2 induced by HSP65 in vitro, which was more obvious than that of MTX and tofacitinib. Finally, curcumin significantly downregulated the level of serum CCL2 of TA patients.

Conclusion:

HSP65 initiates and promotes inflammation of TA by upregulated CCL2 in AAFs through JAK/AKT/STAT3 pathway, while curcumin can reverse this process and slow down the initiation and development of TA.

References:

[1]L, A., J, H., A, M., G, G. & Z, A. Pathogenesis of Takayasu’s arteritis: a 2011 update.Autoimmunity reviews11, 61-67 (2011).

[2]Y, S., et al.Perforin-secreting killer cell infiltration and expression of a 65-kD heat-shock protein in aortic tissue of patients with Takayasu’s arteritis.The Journal of clinical investigation93, 750-758 (1994).

[3]L, B., G, Y. & C, P. Non-glucocorticoid drugs for the treatment of Takayasu’s arteritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmunity reviews 17, 683-693 (2018).

[4]T, E., et al.Curcumin--from molecule to biological function.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. In English)51, 5308-5332 (2012).

Figure A.

High expression of HSP65 and CCL2 in aortic adventitia of TA patients (n=8) than that of healthy controls (n=6).

Figure B.

HSP65 increased production of CCL2 in AAFs through TLR4/JAK2-STAT3 pathway.

Figure C.

Curcumin reversed inflammatory response initiated by HSP65 via inhibiting JAK2/AKT/STAT3 signal pathway in AAFs and significantly reduced serum CCL2 concentration of TA patients.

Acknowledgments:

We thank Ningli Li for her technical support in this study

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

Field study on the uptake, accumulation and risk assessment of perchlorate in a soil-chard/spinach system: Impact of agronomic practices and fertilization

The application of excessive fertilizer represents a primary source of entry for perchlorate into crop systems and thus has raised widespread concern regarding food safety. Several studies have reported the occurrence of perchlorate in vegetables. However, limited information is available on the fate of perchlorate in the soil-plant system. In this study, we performed field experiments to evaluate the effects of the application rate of Chilean nitrate fertilizer and the type of fertilization (manual or fertigation) on the uptake of perchlorate by plants grown in open fields. Interestingly, in the control, chard and spinach accumulated 21.3 and 25.9 μg kg^-1, respectively. For both agronomic practices, the content of perchlorate in chard and spinach increased as the fertilizer application rate increased, with fertigation promoting more significant accumulations. Spinach accumulated almost two times more perchlorate than chard for all treatments; however, the concentrations generally remained below regulatory values. The intake of spinach and chard presented a low risk to human health for all age groups. These findings enhance our understanding of the environmental impact of the use of fertilizers in agriculture and food safety.

AB1277 AUTOANTIBODIES IN NLRP3-ASSOCIATED AUTOINFLAMMATORY DISEASE: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Background:

We present the first report of high-titer autoantibodies inNLRP3-associated autoinflammatory disease(NLRP3-AID).Because systemic autoinflammatory disease(SAID) is characterised by the lack of autoreactive T-cells or autoantibodies,we made a systemic review on the theme of autoantibody in SAID to clarify this phenomenon.

Objectives:

We present the first report of high-titer autoantibodiesNLRP3-AID, and discuss autoantibody in classical SAID.

Methods:

We collected the clinical data of the patient withNLRP3-AID who had high-titer autoantibodies,and made a systemic review about autoantibody in SAID.

Results:

A 38-year-old Chinese Han patient was definitely diagnosed asNLRP3-AID because of cold-triggered urticaria-like rash and fever,arthralgia,binaural sensorineural deafness,chronic meningitis,high inflammatory marker and de novoNLRP3T348M variant. Figure 1 shows pedigree of the patient.Meanwhile,she had positive antinuclear antibody(ANA) with a nucleolar pattern of 1:160, positive anti-β2GPI antibody 54-68 AU/ml (normal range < 20 AU/ml) and positive lupus anticoagulant 1.24-1.29 (normal range ≤ 1.2). Literature review found that 13 articles reported autoantibodies in Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), and there was no autoantibody reported in hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome (HIDS),TNF receptor–associated periodic syndrome(TRAPS) andNLRP3-AID. The prevalence of ANA,anti-dsDNA,RF and anti-CCP in patients with FMF was similar to healthy controls.

Fig. 1.

Pedigree of the patient. The black arrow indicates the proband. The asterisks indicate the individuals who had clinical manifestations and carry the NLRP3 T348M variant.

Conclusion:

Patients withNLRP3-AID can have high-titer ANA and APLs by accident. If patients with high-titer autoantibodies have characteristic manifestations of SAIDs instead of typical features of autoimmune diseases, we should make the final diagnosis through detailed investigation and genetic testing.

References:

[1]Ben-Chetrit E, Gattorno M, Gul A, et al. Consensus proposal for taxonomy and definition of the autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs): a Delphi study. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2018; 77(11): 1558-65.

[2]Kuemmerle-Deschner JB, Ozen S, Tyrrell PN, et al. Diagnostic criteria for cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2017; 76(6): 942-7.

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

Prediction of malignant sinonasal inverted papilloma transformation by preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

BACKGROUND

Accurate preoperative prediction of the malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is essential for radical resection of tumours and prevention of recurrence. We here explored the predictive value of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODOLOGY

The study was performed on 268 patients with SNIP with (n = 78) or without (n = 190) coexistent malignant transformation. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis method to screen for independent risk factors, and established a nomogram model. Finally, using receiver operating characteristic curves, we assessed the diagnostic value of the independent risk factors for malignant transformation of SNIP.

RESULTS

We identified bone erosion on CT, change in convoluted cerebriform pattern (CCP) on MRI, and washout-type time intensity curve (TIC) of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI were independent predictors of malignant transformation of SNIP. The scores of these three independent risk factors from the nomogram model were 10, 7 and 8, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting SNIP malignancy was 0.954 for the nomogram model, 0.826 for bone erosion, 0.776 for washout-type TIC, and 0.810 for CCP mutation.

CONCLUSIONS

Of the independent risk factors and related combination identified, the nomogram model based on bone destruction on CT, CCP mutation on MRI, and washout-type TIC of DCE-MRI had the best predictive value for malignant transformation of SNIP.

Oral Mucositis: An Update on Innate Immunity and New Interventional Targets

Oral mucositis (OM), a common debilitating toxicity associated with chemo- and radiation therapies, is a significant unmet clinical need for head and neck cancer patients. The biological complexities of chemoradiotherapy-induced OM involve interactions among disrupted tissue structures, inflammatory infiltrations, and oral microbiome, whereby several master inflammatory pathways constitute the complicated regulatory networks. Oral mucosal damages triggered by chemoradiotherapy-induced cell apoptosis were further exacerbated by the amplified inflammatory cascades dominantly governed by the innate immune responses. The coexistence of microbiome and innate immune components in oral mucosal barriers indicates that a signaling hub coordinates the interaction between environmental cues and host cells during tissue and immune homeostasis. Dysbiotic shifts in oral microbiota caused by cytotoxic cancer therapies may also contribute to the progression and severity of chemoradiotherapy-induced OM. In this review, we have updated the mechanisms involving innate immunity-governed inflammatory cascades in the pathobiology of chemoradiotherapy-induced OM and the development of new interventional targets for the management of this severe morbidity in head and neck cancer patients.

[Correlation of tissue eosinophil count and modified CT olfactory cleft score and olfactory function in patients with nasal polyps]

Objective:To investigate the effect of tissue eosinophil count on olfactory function in patients with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps（CRSwNP）. Method:We prospectively selected 59 patients with CRSwNP. All the patients were not treated with oral or topical glucocorticoids for at least 1 month at the time of enrollment. All the nasal polyps were taken under local anesthesia in the outpatient department for eosinophil count and percentage calculation. The patients were divided into eosinophilic CRSwNP（ECRS group） and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP（non-ECRS group）. Baseline data was compared between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was performed on tissue eosinophil count and Lund-Mackay score, modified olfactory cleft scores, Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test, olfactory evoked potential peak latency and amplitude respectively. Result:Thirty-five of 59 patients with CRSwNP completed olfactory evoked potential test, from whom we collected stable waveforms. The ECRS group had a higher olfactory cleft area CT score, ethmoid sinus CT score and blood eosinophil count and percentage; there was a significant difference between the ECRS group and the non-ECRS group in single and bilateral odor test threshold（T value）（P=0.017）. There was no significant correlation between tissue eosinophil count and subjective olfactory VAS score（P>0.05）. Tissue eosinophil count was related to the bilateral T value in Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test（r=-0.322, P=0.013）, anterior and posterior olfactory cleft area scores（r=0.431 and 0.415, respectively, P=0.001） and olfactory evoked potential N1 latency（r=0.504, P=0.001） and P2 latency（r=0.374, P=0.020）, but not related to Lund-Mackay scores. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the unilateral T score in Sniffin' Sticks test and the unilateral olfactory evoked potential N1 latency（r=-0.505, P=0.002）. Conclusion:The increase of tissue eosinophilia was closely related to olfactory disfunctions in CRSwNP. It could be reflected by modified CT olfactory cleft score, Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test T value and oERP peak latency. In addition, T value was negatively consistent with latency of oERP N1 peak.

Impaired bone microarchitecture in distal interphalangeal joints in patients with primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography

This study aimed to investigate the bone impairment in finger joints in PHO patients by HR-pQCT. Results showed distinguished differences in bone architecture and biomechanics parameters at DIPs between PHO patients and healthy controls using HR-pQCT assessment. Besides, serum PGE2, hsCRP and ESR levels were found negatively correlated with total vBMD.

INTRODUCTION

This study aimed to investigate the bone impairment in finger joints in primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) patients firstly by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT).

METHODS

Fifteen PHO patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Bone erosions in hands at distal interphalangeal joints (DIPs) in both PHO patients and controls were evaluated by X-ray. Bone geometry, vBMD, microstructure parameters, and size of individual bone erosion were also measured at the 3rd DIP by HR-pQCT as well. Blood biochemistry levels between the two groups were also compared.

RESULTS

Compared to X-ray, HR-pQCT assessment were more sensitive for detection of bone erosions, with 14 PHO patients by HR-pQCT versus ten PHO patients by X-ray judged at the 3rd DIP. The average depth, width, and volume of erosions size in PHO patients were 1.38 ± 0.80 mm, 0.79 ± 0.27 mm, and 1.71 ± 0.52 mm³, respectively. The bone cross-areas including total area (+ 25.3%, p ≤ 0.05), trabecular area (+ 56.2%, p ≤ 0.05), and cortical perimeter (+ 10.7%, p ≤ 0.05) at the defined region of interest of 3rd DIP was significantly larger than controls. Total vBMD was 11.9% lower in PHO patients compared with the controls (p ≤ 0.05). Biochemical test results showed the increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, bone resorption markers, and joint degeneration markers in PHO patients. Serum prostaglandin PGE2, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels were found negatively correlated with total vBMD.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated higher sensitivity of the HR-pQCT measurement at DIPs by showing the differences in architecture and biomechanics parameters at DIPs between the PHO patients and healthy controls, which would be of interest clinically to investigate bone deterioration in PHO patients.

Randomized phase II trial comparing tumor bed alone with tumor bed and elective nodal postoperative radiotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

This study compares the outcomes of different postoperative radiation fields for locoregionally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. This is a multi-institution randomized phase II trial and noninferior study. Patients with ESCC who had undergone esophagectomy (stage T3-4N0-3M0) were enrolled and randomized into the large-field irradiation arm (LFI; tumor bed and elective lymph node region) and small-field irradiation arm (SFI; tumor bed only). The primary endpoint was whether the disease-free survival (DFS) of SFI was not inferior to LFI. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the rationality of the radiation target volume by analyzing failure patterns. One hundred twenty-one patients (64 patients for LFI and 57 patients for SFI, respectively) were eligible in this mid-time analysis. The 1- and 3-year DFS was 79.9%, 46.2% for LFI and 67.6%, 44.3% for SFI, respectively (P = 0.414). The locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) of LFI was significantly better than that of SFI (P = 0.003). However, there were no significant differences in the distant metastasis-free survival and overall survival between the two arms (P = 0.332, P = 0.405, respectively). The failure patterns of the two arms were significantly different (P = 0.002). For pT3-4N0-3M0 ESCC patients, postoperative radiotherapy with SFI showed a similar survival outcome to LFI. However, the LRFS of patients with SFI was worse than that of patients with LFI.

DNA content equivalence in haploid and diploid maize leaves

The qPCR assay developed to differentiate haploid and diploid maize leaf samples was unsuccessful due to DNA content difference. Haploid cells are packed more closely together with less cellular expansion. Increased ploidy content (> 2 N) directly correlates with increased cell size in plants, but few studies have examined cell morphology in plants with reduced ploidy (i.e., haploids). To pioneer a scalable new ploidy test, we compared DNA content and cellular morphology of haploid and diploid maize leaves. The amount of genomic DNA recovered from standardized leaf-punch samples was equivalent between these two ploidy types, while both epidermal and mesophyll cell types were smaller in haploid plants. Pavement cells had a substantially smaller size than mesophyll cells, and this effect was more pronounced in the abaxial epidermis. Interveinal distance and guard cell size were significantly reduced in haploids, but the cell percentage comprising stomata did not change. These results confirm the direct correlation between ploidy content and cell size in plants, and suggest that reduced cell expansion predominantly explains DNA content equivalence between haploid and diploid samples, confounding efforts to develop a haploid detection method using DNA content.

Safety and patient-reported outcomes of atezolizumab, carboplatin, and etoposide in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (IMpower133): a randomized phase I/III trial

BACKGROUND

The addition of atezolizumab to carboplatin and etoposide (CP/ET) significantly improved progression-free and overall survival for patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in the IMpower133 study (NCT02763579). We have evaluated adverse events (AEs) and patient-reported outcomes in IMpower133 to assess the benefit-risk profile of this regimen.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients received four 21-day cycles of CP/ET plus intravenous atezolizumab 1200 mg or placebo (induction phase), followed by atezolizumab or placebo (maintenance phase) until progression or loss of benefit. AEs were assessed and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated every 3 weeks during treatment using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire - Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and QLQ-LC13.

RESULTS

Overall, 394 patients were assessable for safety in the induction phase and 318 in the maintenance phase. The frequency of AEs, grade 3-4 AEs, and serious AEs was similar between arms in both phases. Immune-related AEs were more frequent in the atezolizumab arm during both induction (28% versus 17%; leading to atezolizumab/placebo interruption 9% versus 5%, leading to withdrawal 4% versus 0%) and maintenance (26% versus 15%; leading to atezolizumab/placebo interruption, 3% versus 2%, leading to withdrawal 1% versus 1%), most commonly rash (induction 11% versus 9%, maintenance 14% versus 4%), and hypothyroidism (induction 4.0% versus 0%, maintenance 10% versus 1%). Changes in patient-reported treatment-related symptoms commonly associated with quality of life impairment were generally similar during induction and most of the maintenance phase. Patient-reported function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) improved in both arms after initiating treatment, with more pronounced and persistent HRQoL improvements in the atezolizumab arm.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with ES-SCLC, atezolizumab plus CP/ET has a comparable safety profile to placebo plus CP/ET, and the addition of atezolizumab did not adversely impact patient-reported HRQoL. These data demonstrate the positive benefit-risk profile of first-line atezolizumab plus CP/ET in ES-SCLC and further support this regimen as a new standard of care in this setting.

CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER

NCT02763579.

Phosphorylation of nucleopolyhedrovirus 39K is essential for the regulation of viral gene transcription in silkworm cells

39K protein was proven to be the most notable hyperphosphorylated protein of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), since its amino acid 136 has the highest phosphorylation ratio (16.683) among all of BmNPV phosphorylated proteins (Shobahah et al., 2017). Therefore, we inserted positive (mimicking phosphorylation) and negative (mimicking dephosphorylation) mutants of the highest phosphorylated site of 39K and the wild type 39k into the 39k-ko-Bacmid using the Bac-to-Bac system. These three kinds of recombinant Bacmids along with wild type and knocked-out Bacmid were then transfected into the Bombyx mori cells (BmN) and further investigated by qPCR analysis. The results of the qPCR showed that 39K phosphorylation had no significant effect on viral genome replication, unlike the positive mutation that reduced the viral gene transcription drastically compared to the wild type. Thus, phosphorylation of BmNPV 39K protein does not appear to be the essential mechanism for viral genome replication, even though it has an important role in the viral gene transcription. Keywords: BmNPV; 39K; phosphorylation; virus replication; virus transcription.

[Effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on olfactory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps]

Objective:To evaluate the effect of surgery on olfactory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps（CRSwNP） by subjective and objective olfactory tests. Method:This was a retrospective study. Forty patients with CRSwNP who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery（ESS） from 2015 to 2017 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were enrolled. Postoperative time was 6-46 months. The patients were followed up in October 2018 and examined using Sniffin' sticks olfactory test and olfactory event-related potentials （oERP）. The polyps collected during surgery were performed to eosinophil count and percentage calculation. They were divided into eosinophilic CRSwNP（ECRS） and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP（NECRS）. The subjective and objective olfactory functions between the two groups were compared before and after surgery respectively and the paired T test was performed between the postoperative and the preoperative Sniffin' sticks olfactory test. Covariance analysis was used to adjust the effect of different postoperative time on postoperative olfactory recovery. Result:There were 21（52.5%） ECRS and 19（47.5%） NECRS patients of the 40 patients with nasal polyps. There was statistical difference in the posterior ethmoid score and the posterior olfactory cleft score of CT. According to the criterion of total TDI increased more than 5.5, olfactory function in 21（52.5%） patients had improved. In addition, there was a significant improvement in olfactory function in ECRS group either in unilateral T/TDI or bilateral T/D/TDI, but only unilateral T/TDI increased in NECRS group. There was no significant difference in Sniffin' sticks olfactory test between the two groups, but there was a statistically significant difference in the latency of oERP after surgery. Conclusion:ESS could improve olfactory function in patients with CRSwNP by more than 50%. Bilateral olfactory improvement in ECRS was better than that in NECRS, but olfactory function in postoperative ECRS was still lower than that in NECRS. oERP can more objectively and accurately reflect the severity of olfactory disorders associated with eosinophilic inflammation.

High-order implicit particle-in-cell method for plasma simulations at solid densities

A high-order implicit multidimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) method is developed for simulating plasmas at solid densities. The space-time arrangement is based on Yee and a leapfrog algorithm for electromagnetic fields and particle advancement. The field solver algorithm completely eliminates numerical instabilities found in explicit PIC methods with relaxed time step and grid resolution. Moreover, this algorithm eliminates the numerical cooling found in the standard implicit PIC methods by using a pseudo-electric-field method. The particle pusher algorithm combines the standard Boris particle pusher with the Newton-Krylov iteration method. This algorithm increases the precision accuracy by several orders of magnitude when compared with the standard Boris particle pusher and also significantly decreases the iteration time when compared with the pure Newton-Krylov method. The code is tested with several benchmarks, including Weibel instability, and relativistic laser plasma interactions at both low and solid densities.

Particle-in-cell simulation of transport and energy deposition of intense proton beams in solid-state materials

A particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code is used to investigate the transport and energy deposition of an intense proton beam in solid-state material. This code is able to simulate close particle interactions by using a Monte Carlo binary collision model. Such a model takes into account all related interactions between the incident protons and material particles, e.g., proton-nucleus, proton-bound-electron, and proton-free-electron collisions. This code also includes a Monte Carlo model for the collisional ionization and electron-ion recombination as well as the depression of the ionization potential by shielding of surrounding particles. Moreover, for intense proton beams, in order to include collective electromagnetic effects, significantly speed up the simulation, and simultaneously avoid numerical instabilities, an approach that combines the PIC method with a reduced model of high-density plasma based on Ohm's law is used. Simulation results indicate that the collective electromagnetic effects have a significant influence on the transport and energy deposition of proton beams. The Ohmic electric field would increase the stopping power and leads to a shortened range of proton beams in solid. The magnetic field would localize the energy deposition by collimating proton beams, which would otherwise be deflected by the collisions with nuclei.