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Thormann W, Breadmore MC, Caslavska J, Mosher RA. Dynamic computer simulations of electrophoresis: A versatile research and teaching tool. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:726-54. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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77
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Jung B, Caslavska J, Thormann W. Determination of ethyl glucuronide in human serum by capillary zone electrophoresis and an immunoassay. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3497-506. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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78
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Lanz C, Jung B, Caslavska J, Deiss V, Thormann W. Alcohol Markers Reveal Relapse Drinking Episode. Chimia (Aarau) 2009. [DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2009.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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79
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Larenza MP, Peterbauer C, Landoni MF, Levionnois OL, Schatzmann U, Spadavecchia C, Thormann W. Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of ketamine and norketamine after constant rate infusion of a subanesthetic dose of racemic ketamine or S-ketamine in Shetland ponies. Am J Vet Res 2009; 70:831-9. [PMID: 19566468 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.7.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate pharmacokinetics of ketamine and norketamine enantiomers after constant rate infusion (CRI) of a subanesthetic dose of racemic ketamine or S-ketamine in ponies. ANIMALS Five 6-year-old Shetland pony geldings that weighed between 101 and 152 kg. PROCEDURES In a crossover study, each pony received a CRI of racemic ketamine (loading dose, 0.6 mg/kg; CRI, 0.02 mg/kg/min) and S-ketamine (loading dose, 0.3 mg/kg; CRI, 0.01 mg/kg/min), with a 1-month interval between treatments. Arterial blood samples were collected before and at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes during drug administration and at 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes after discontinuing the CRI. Plasma ketamine and norketamine enantiomers were quantified by use of capillary electrophoresis. Individual R-ketamine and S-ketamine concentration-versus-time curves were analyzed by use of a monocompartmental model. Plasma disposition curves for R-norketamine and S-norketamine were described by estimating the area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), and time until Cmax. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of S-ketamine decreased and biodegradation products increased more rapidly after S-ketamine CRI, compared with results after racemic ketamine CRI. The R-norketamine was eliminated faster than was the S-norketamine. Significant differences between treatments were found for the AUC of S-ketamine and within the racemic ketamine CRI for the AUC and Cmax of norketamine isomers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CRI of S-ketamine may be preferable over CRI of racemic ketamine in standing equids because the S-enantiomer was eliminated faster when infused alone instead of as part of a racemic mixture.
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Schmitz A, Theurillat R, Lassahn PG, Mevissen M, Thormann W. CE provides evidence of the stereoselective hydroxylation of norketamine in equines. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2912-21. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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81
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Larenza MP, Ringer SK, Kutter APN, Conrot A, Theurillat R, Kummer M, Thormann W, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Evaluation of anesthesia recovery quality after low-dose racemic or S-ketamine infusions during anesthesia with isoflurane in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.234.12.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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82
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Thormann W, Caslavska J, Breadmore MC, Mosher RA. Dynamic computer simulations of electrophoresis: Three decades of active research. Electrophoresis 2009; 30 Suppl 1:S16-26. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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83
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Capponi L, Schmitz A, Thormann W, Theurillat R, Mevissen M. In vitro evaluation of differences in phase 1 metabolism of ketamine and other analgesics among humans, horses, and dogs. Am J Vet Res 2009; 70:777-86. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.6.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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84
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Larenza MP, Ringer SK, Kutter APN, Conrot A, Theurillat R, Kummer M, Thormann W, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Evaluation of anesthesia recovery quality after low-dose racemic or S-ketamine infusions during anesthesia with isoflurane in horses. Am J Vet Res 2009; 70:710-8. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.6.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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85
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Schmitz A, Portier CJ, Thormann W, Theurillat R, Mevissen M. Stereoselective biotransformation of ketamine in equine liver and lung microsomes. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2009; 31:446-55. [PMID: 19000264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.00972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselectivity has to be considered for pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic features of ketamine. Stereoselective biotransformation of ketamine was investigated in equine microsomes in vitro. Concentration curves were constructed over time, and enzyme activity was determined for different substrate concentrations using equine liver and lung microsomes. The concentrations of R/S-ketamine and R/S-norketamine were determined by enantioselective capillary electrophoresis. A two-phase model based on Hill kinetics was used to analyze the biotransformation of R/S-ketamine into R/S-norketamine and, in a second step, into R/S-downstream metabolites. In liver and lung microsomes, levels of R-ketamine exceeded those of S-ketamine at all time points and S-norketamine exceeded R-norketamine at time points below the maximum concentration. In liver and lung microsomes, significant differences in the enzyme velocity (V(max)) were observed between S- and R-norketamine formation and between V(max) of S-norketamine formation when S-ketamine was compared to S-ketamine of the racemate. Our investigations in microsomal reactions in vitro suggest that stereoselective ketamine biotransformation in horses occurs in the liver and the lung with a slower elimination of S-ketamine in the presence of R-ketamine. Scaling of the in vitro parameters to liver and lung organ clearances provided an excellent fit with previously published in vivo data and confirmed a lung first-pass effect.
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Breadmore MC, Quirino JP, Thormann W. High-resolution computer simulations of EKC. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:570-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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87
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Jung B, Caslavska J, Thormann W. Determination of ethyl sulfate in human serum and urine by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1206:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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88
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Lanz C, Falmagne JB, de l’Escaille F, Marti U, Thormann W. Determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum with capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1206:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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89
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Marti U, Joneli J, Caslavska J, Thormann W. Determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum by two capillary zone electrophoresis methods and a direct immunoassay: Comparison of patient data. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3079-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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90
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Larenza MP, Knobloch M, Landoni MF, Levionnois OL, Kronen PW, Theurillat R, Schatzmann U, Thormann W. Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of ketamine and norketamine after racemic ketamine or S-ketamine administration in Shetland ponies sedated with xylazine. Vet J 2008; 177:432-5. [PMID: 17604192 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of ketamine and norketamine enantiomers after administration of intravenous (IV) racemic ketamine (R-/S-ketamine; 2.2 mg/kg) or S-ketamine (1.1 mg/kg) to five ponies sedated with IV xylazine (1.1mg/kg) were compared. The time intervals to assume sternal and standing positions were recorded. Arterial blood samples were collected before and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 13 min after ketamine administration. Arterial blood gases were evaluated 5 min after ketamine injection. Plasma concentrations of ketamine and norketamine enantiomers were determined by capillary electrophoresis and were evaluated by non-linear least square regression analysis applying a monocompartmental model. The first-order elimination rate constant was significantly higher and elimination half-life and mean residence time were lower for S-ketamine after S-ketamine compared to R-/S-ketamine administration. The maximum concentration of S-norketamine was higher after S-ketamine administration. Time to standing position was significantly diminished after S-ketamine compared to R-/S-ketamine. Blood gases showed low-degree hypoxaemia and hypercarbia.
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91
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Peterbauer C, Larenza PM, Knobloch M, Theurillat R, Thormann W, Mevissen M, Spadavecchia C. Effects of a low dose infusion of racemic and S-ketamine on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex in standing ponies. Vet Anaesth Analg 2008; 35:414-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2008.00402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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92
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Bergadano A, Andersen OK, Arendt-Nielsen L, Theurillat R, Thormann W, Spadavecchia C. Plasma levels of a low-dose constant-rate-infusion of ketamine and its effect on single and repeated nociceptive stimuli in conscious dogs. Vet J 2008; 182:252-60. [PMID: 18706837 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study quantitatively investigated the analgesic action of a low-dose constant-rate-infusion (CRI) of racemic ketamine (as a 0.5 mg kg(-1) bolus and at a dose rate of 10 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) in conscious dogs using a nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) and with enantioselective measurement of plasma levels of ketamine and norketamine. Withdrawal reflexes evoked by transcutaneous single and repeated electrical stimulation (10 pulses, 5 Hz) of the digital plantar nerve were recorded from the biceps femoris muscle using surface electromyography. Ketamine did not affect NWR thresholds or the recruitment curves after a single nociceptive stimulation. Temporal summation (as evaluated by repeated stimuli) and the evoked behavioural response scores were however reduced compared to baseline demonstrating the antinociceptive activity of ketamine correlated with the peak plasma concentrations. Thereafter the plasma levels at pseudo-steady-state did not modulate temporal summation. Based on these experimental findings low-dose ketamine CRI cannot be recommended for use as a sole analgesic in the dog.
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93
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Thormann W, Mosher RA. High-resolution computer simulation of electrophoretic mobilization in isoelectric focusing. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1676-86. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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94
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Mosher RA, Thormann W. High-resolution computer simulation of the dynamics of isoelectric focusing: In quest of more realistic input parameters for carrier ampholytes. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1036-47. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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95
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Theurillat R, Thormann W. Capillary electrophoresis evidence of the stereoselective ketoreduction of mebendazole and aminomebendazole in echinococcosis patients. J Sep Sci 2007; 31:188-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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96
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Lanz C, Früh M, Thormann W, Cerny T, Lauterburg BH. Rapid determination of gemcitabine in plasma and serum using reversed-phase HPLC. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:1811-20. [PMID: 17638352 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (2'2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) is a pyrimidine analog used in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. After intravenous (i.v.) administration, it is rapidly inactivated to 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorouridine (dFdU). A sensitive analytical method for the quantitation of gemcitabine is required for the assessment of alternative dosage and treatment schemes. A rapid and robust RP-HPLC assay for analysis of gemcitabine in human and animal plasma and serum was developed and validated using 2'-deoxyuridine (dU) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (5FdU) as internal standards. It is based on protein precipitation, the use of an Atlantis dC18 column of 100 mm length (inner diameter, 4.6 mm; particle size, 3 microm) and isocratic elution using a 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 3.0, followed by isocratic elution with the same buffer containing 3% of ACN. For gemcitabine, RSD values for intraday and interday precision were < 4.4 and 5.3%, respectively, the LOQ was 20 ng/mL, and the assay was linear in the range of 0.020-20 microg/mL with an accuracy of > or =89%. The recovery for gemcitabine, dU and 5FdU was 86-98%. The assay was applied to determine gemcitabine levels in plasma samples of patients collected during and shortly after conventional infusion of 25-30 mg/kg body mass (levels: 2.0-18.9 microg/mL) and rats that received lower doses (1.5 mg/kg) via i.v., subcutaneous and oral drug administration (levels: 0.20-2.60 microg/mL). It could also be applied to estimate dFdU levels in human plasma.
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97
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Theurillat R, Knobloch M, Schmitz A, Lassahn PG, Mevissen M, Thormann W. Enantioselective analysis of ketamine and its metabolites in equine plasma and urine by CE with multiple isomer sulfated β-CD. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2748-57. [PMID: 17600844 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CE with multiple isomer sulfated beta-CD as the chiral selector was assessed for the simultaneous analysis of the enantiomers of ketamine and metabolites in extracts of equine plasma and urine. Different lots of the commercial chiral selector provided significant changes in enantiomeric ketamine separability, a fact that can be related to the manufacturing variability. A mixture of two lots was found to provide high-resolution separations and interference-free detection of the enantiomers of ketamine, norketamine, dehydronorketamine, and an incompletely identified hydroxylated metabolite of norketamine in liquid/liquid extracts of the two body fluids. Ketamine, norketamine, and dehydronorketamine could be unambiguously identified via HPLC fractionation of urinary extracts and using LC-MS and LC-MS/MS with 1 mmu mass discrimination. The CE assay was used to characterize the stereoselectivity of the compounds' enantiomers in the samples of five ponies anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen and treated with intravenous continuous infusion of racemic ketamine. The concentrations of the ketamine enantiomers in plasma are equal, whereas the urinary amount of R-ketamine is larger than that of S-ketamine. Plasma and urine contain higher S- than R-norketamine levels and the mean S-/R-enantiomer ratios of dehydronorketamine in plasma and urine are lower than unity and similar.
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98
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Thormann W, Caslavska J, Mosher RA. Modeling of electroosmotic and electrophoretic mobilization in capillary and microchip isoelectric focusing. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1155:154-63. [PMID: 17307189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2006] [Revised: 01/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our dynamic capillary electrophoresis model which uses material specific input data for estimation of electroosmosis was applied to investigate fundamental aspects of isoelectric focusing (IEF) in capillaries or microchannels made from bare fused-silica (FS), FS coated with a sulfonated polymer, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Input data were generated via determination of the electroosmotic flow (EOF) using buffers with varying pH and ionic strength. Two models are distinguished, one that neglects changes of ionic strength and one that includes the dependence between electroosmotic mobility and ionic strength. For each configuration, the models provide insight into the magnitude and dynamics of electroosmosis. The contribution of each electrophoretic zone to the net EOF is thereby visualized and the amount of EOF required for the detection of the zone structures at a particular location along the capillary, including at its end for MS detection, is predicted. For bare FS, PDMS and PMMA, simulations reveal that EOF is decreasing with time and that the entire IEF process is characterized by the asymptotic formation of a stationary steady-state zone configuration in which electrophoretic transport and electroosmotic zone displacement are opposite and of equal magnitude. The location of immobilization of the boundary between anolyte and most acidic carrier ampholyte is dependent on EOF, i.e. capillary material and anolyte. Overall time intervals for reaching this state in microchannels produced by PDMS and PMMA are predicted to be similar and about twice as long compared to uncoated FS. Additional mobilization for the detection of the entire pH gradient at the capillary end is required. Using concomitant electrophoretic mobilization with an acid as coanion in the catholyte is shown to provide sufficient additional cathodic transport for that purpose. FS capillaries dynamically double coated with polybrene and poly(vinylsulfonate) are predicted to provide sufficient electroosmotic pumping for detection of the entire IEF gradient at the cathodic column end.
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99
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Larenza MP, Landoni MF, Levionnois OL, Knobloch M, Kronen PW, Theurillat R, Schatzmann U, Thormann W. Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of ketamine and norketamine after racemic ketamine or S-ketamine administration during isoflurane anaesthesia in Shetland ponies. Br J Anaesth 2007; 98:204-12. [PMID: 17218377 DOI: 10.1093/bja/ael336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arterial pharmacokinetics of ketamine and norketamine enantiomers after racemic ketamine or S-ketamine i.v. administration were evaluated in seven gelding ponies in a crossover study (2-month interval). METHODS Anaesthesia was induced with isoflurane in oxygen via a face-mask and then maintained at each pony's individual MAC. Racemic ketamine (2.2 mg kg(-1)) or S-ketamine (1.1 mg kg(-1)) was injected in the right jugular vein. Blood samples were collected from the right carotid artery before and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 min after ketamine administration. Ketamine and norketamine enantiomer plasma concentrations were determined by capillary electrophoresis. Individual R-ketamine and S-ketamine concentration vs time curves were analysed by non-linear least square regression two-compartment model analysis using PCNonlin. Plasma disposition curves for R-norketamine and S-norketamine were described by estimating AUC, C(max), and T(max). Pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (R(f)), tidal volume (V(T)), minute volume ventilation (V(E)), end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PE'(CO(2))), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were also evaluated. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic parameters of S- and R-ketamine administered in the racemic mixture or S-ketamine administered separately did not differ significantly. Statistically significant higher AUC and C(max) were found for S-norketamine compared with R-norketamine in the racemic group. Overall, R(f), V(E), PE'(CO(2)), and MAP were significantly higher in the racemic group, whereas PR was higher in the S-ketamine group. CONCLUSIONS Norketamine enantiomers showed different pharmacokinetic profiles after single i.v. administration of racemic ketamine in ponies anaesthetised with isoflurane in oxygen (1 MAC). Cardiopulmonary variables require further investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Anesthesia, General/methods
- Anesthesia, General/veterinary
- Anesthetics, Combined/administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Combined/blood
- Anesthetics, Combined/pharmacology
- Anesthetics, Dissociative/administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Dissociative/blood
- Anesthetics, Inhalation
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cross-Over Studies
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Electrocardiography
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Horses/blood
- Isoflurane
- Ketamine/administration & dosage
- Ketamine/analogs & derivatives
- Ketamine/blood
- Male
- Monitoring, Intraoperative/instrumentation
- Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods
- Monitoring, Intraoperative/veterinary
- Stereoisomerism
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100
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Thormann W. Principles of Isotachophoresis and Dynamics of the Isotachophoretic Separation of Two Components. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01496398408060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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