Multiharmonic Correlations of Different Flow Amplitudes in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=2.76 TeV

The event-by-event correlations between three flow amplitudes are measured for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, using higher-order symmetric cumulants. We find that different three-harmonic correlations develop during the collective evolution of the medium when compared to correlations that exist in the initial state. These new results cannot be interpreted in terms of previous lower-order flow measurements since contributions from two-harmonic correlations are explicitly removed in the new observables. A comparison to Monte Carlo simulations provides new and independent constraints for the initial conditions and system properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions.

[Treatment efficacy of dietary supplement Licofor for dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of dietary supplement Licofor in the treatment of dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods: This was a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. Sixty patients [25 males, 35 females, aged (42±13) years] who had dry eye associated with MGD were recruited in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from December 2018 to October 2019. The patients were equally divided into two groups: 30 cases (60 eyes) in the experimental group and 30 cases (60 eyes) in the control group. All subjects were treated with eye hot compress, artificial tears and antibiotic ointment. After that, the experimental group and control group were received dietary supplementary Licofor or placebo daily for 12 weeks. The symptoms and signs of dry eye, morphology and function of meibomian gland, and inflammatory response were assessed at the beginning, 4^th, 8^th and 12^th week of treatment. Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, statistically significant improvements in ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), the morphology of eyelid margin, meibomian gland orifice, meibomian gland expressibility, meibum quality, and periglandular inflammatory cell density were determined in both groups (all P<0.05). In the Licofor group, the improvement of OSDI scores [16.7 (12.5, 20.8) vs 20.8 (18.8, 22.9), P<0.001], the morphology of eyelid margin, meibomian gland orifice and periglandular inflammatory cell density [443 (318, 513) vs 553 (415, 676)/mm², P=0.002] were more significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The combined treatment of licofor and conventional treatment can significantly improve symptoms of dry eye, the morphology of eyelid margin, meibomian gland orifice, meibum quality, and eyelid inflammation response of dry eye associated with MGD.

Effect of diltiazem on exercise tolerance in patients with stable coronary artery disease and hypertension

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of diltiazem on cardiovascular risk and exercise tolerance in patients with stable coronary artery disease and hypertension. From 2016 to 2018, 80 patients with stable coronary artery disease (5 < Gensini score < 20) and hypertension were enrolled into the present study. These patients were randomly divided into two groups: diltiazem group (Dil, 90 mg, bid), and control group (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) for reducing blood pressure and β-receptor blockers for controlling heart rate). Liver and kidney function, heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV) and bicycle exercise were measured at baseline and after six months. The incidence of cardiovascular events (re-hospitalization due to angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, and cardiogenic death) was also assessed. The differences in all indexes at baseline between these two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05, respectively). After six months of treatment, both groups of patients had significant improvements in HRV, BPV and exercise tolerance compared that before treatment (p < 0.05). The difference in the decrease in systolic blood pressure, improvement of HRV and BPV, and cardiovascular events between these two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.588, 0.431, 0.152, 1.000, respectively). But the Dil group was significantly better than the control group in degree of heart rate decline, diastolic blood pressure decline, and improvement of ST segment depression (P < 0.001), and the improvement in exercise tolerance was also better than that of the control group. We found that diltiazem compared with ACEI/ARB and β-receptor blockers can further improve the exercise tolerance of patients with stable coronary artery disease and hypertension.

Soft-Dielectron Excess in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

A measurement of dielectron production in proton-proton (pp) collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC, is presented in this Letter. The data set was recorded with a reduced magnetic solenoid field. This enables the investigation of a kinematic domain at low dielectron (ee) invariant mass m_{ee} and pair transverse momentum p_{T,ee} that was previously inaccessible at the LHC. The cross section for dielectron production is studied as a function of m_{ee}, p_{T,ee}, and event multiplicity dN_{ch}/dη. The expected dielectron rate from hadron decays, called hadronic cocktail, utilizes a parametrization of the measured η/π^{0} ratio in pp and proton-nucleus collisions, assuming that this ratio shows no strong dependence on collision energy at low transverse momentum. Comparison of the measured dielectron yield to the hadronic cocktail at 0.15<m_{ee}<0.6  GeV/c^{2} and for p_{T,ee}<0.4  GeV/c indicates an enhancement of soft dielectrons, reminiscent of the "anomalous" soft-photon and soft-dilepton excess in hadron-hadron collisions reported by several experiments under different experimental conditions. The enhancement factor over the hadronic cocktail amounts to 1.61±0.13(stat)±0.17(syst,data)±0.34(syst,cocktail) in the ALICE acceptance. Acceptance-corrected excess spectra in m_{ee} and p_{T,ee} are extracted and compared with calculations of dielectron production from hadronic bremsstrahlung and thermal radiation within a hadronic many-body approach.

DNA polymerase β may be involved in protecting human bronchial epithelial cells from the toxic effects induced by methyl tert-butyl ether exposure

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a widely used gasoline additive and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant in many countries and regions, can cause various kinds of toxic effects on human health. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its toxic effects remains elusive. The present study aimed to explore the cytotoxicity, DNA damage and oxidative damage effects of MTBE on human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) and the possible role of DNA polymerase β (pol-β) in this process. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to obtain pol-β gene knocked-down cells (pol-β^-). CCK-8 assay was adopted to analyze the cell viability. Alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) was performed to detect the DNA damage effects of MTBE. The enzyme activity of GSH-Px, SOD, CAT and the level of MDA were assessed. The data indicated that when treated with MTBE at the concentration exceeding 50 μmol/L and for the time exceeding 24 h, the pol-β^- exhibited significantly decreased cell viability and increased DNA damage effects, as compared to the control (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was significant difference in the levels of GSH-pX, SOD, CAT and MDA between the pol-β^- and the control (P < 0.05). Our investigation suggests that MTBE can cause obvious cytotoxicity, DNA damage and oxidative damage effects on 16HBE cells. DNA polymerase β may be involved in protecting 16HBE cells from the toxic effects induced by MTBE exposure. These findings provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the toxic effects of MTBE on human cells.

Elliptic Flow of Electrons from Beauty-Hadron Decays in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV

The elliptic flow of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity (|y|<0.8) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The azimuthal distribution of the particles produced in the collisions can be parametrized with a Fourier expansion, in which the second harmonic coefficient represents the elliptic flow, v_{2}. The v_{2} coefficient of electrons from beauty hadron decays is measured for the first time in the transverse momentum (p_{T}) range 1.3-6  GeV/c in the centrality class 30%-50%. The measurement of electrons from beauty-hadron decays exploits their larger mean proper decay length cτ≈500  μm compared to that of charm hadrons and most of the other background sources. The v_{2} of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity is found to be positive with a significance of 3.75  σ. The results provide insights into the degree of thermalization of beauty quarks in the medium. A model assuming full thermalization of beauty quarks is strongly disfavored by the measurement at high p_{T}, but is in agreement with the results at low p_{T}. Transport models including substantial interactions of beauty quarks with an expanding strongly interacting medium describe the measurement within uncertainties.

Chemosensory proteins participate in insecticide susceptibility in Rhopalosiphum padi, a serious pest on wheat crops

Rhopalosiphum padi is a worldwide agricultural pest. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are considered to be a type of transporters which can bind chemicals from external environments. Previous research showed that the expression of some insect CSPs were significantly increased after exposure to insecticides, and CSPs were involved in insecticide resistance or susceptibility. However, the role of CSPs in the susceptibility and response of R. padi to insecticides is still unknown. In this study, we identified eight CSP (RpCSP) from R. padi by genome-wide investigation. Seven RpCSP genes had two exons, while RpCSP7 had three exons. qPCR analyses showed that the mRNA levels of the eight RpCSP genes were significantly affected by imidacloprid and beta-cypermethrin in different post-treatment periods. Molecular docking predicted that there were hydrogen bonding sites which played key roles in binding of RpCSP4, RpCSP5, RpCSP6, RpCSP7 and RpCSP10 with imidacloprid and beta-cypermethrin. Knockdown of RpCSP4, RpCSP5, RpCSP6 and RpCSP10 by RNA interference significantly increased the aphid mortality under two sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid. Mortalities under two sublethal concentrations of beta-cypermethrin conditions were significantly higher after injection of R. padi with dsCSP4 and dsCSP6. The results indicate that some RpCSP genes are involved in the insecticide susceptibility of R. padi.

Three-dimensional morphological analysis of neocondyle bone growth after fibula free flap reconstruction

The aim of this retrospective study was to verify the three-dimensional morphological change in neocondyle bone growth after fibula free flap (FFF) reconstruction. The independent variables were age, sex, and diagnosis. Outcome variables included the direction and volume of neocondyle bone growth, and the time to a stable neocondyle following bone growth. The outcome variables were measured on postoperative computed tomography scans using iPlan 3.0. Of the 35 patients included, 25 showed neocondyle bone growth. The direction of neocondyle bone growth included the direction of lateral pterygoid traction (DLPT) and the direction towards the glenoid fossa (DGF). The bone growth of the neocondyle showed three patterns: only DLPT (eight patients), only DGF (two patients), and a combination of DLPT and DGF (15 patients). The average volume of bone growth in the 25 patients was 0.479 ± 0.380 cm³. The average volume of neocondyle bone growth was significantly greater in patients aged <18 years (0.746 ± 0.346 cm³) than in patients aged >18 years (0.219 ± 0.191 cm³) (P < 0.001). The time to a stable neocondyle following bone growth was 5.6 months postoperatively. In conclusion, neocondyle bone growth after FFF reconstruction occurred in two different directions, DLPT and DGF. Osteogenesis of the lateral pterygoid muscle affects neocondyle growth with DLPT. Neocondyle bone growth is more marked in paediatric patients than in adults.

Discovering small molecules as Wnt inhibitors that promote heart regeneration and injury repair

There are intense interests in discovering proregenerative medicine leads that can promote cardiac differentiation and regeneration, as well as repair damaged heart tissues. We have combined zebrafish embryo-based screens with cardiomyogenesis assays to discover selective small molecules that modulate heart development and regeneration with minimal adverse effects. Two related compounds with novel structures, named as Cardiomogen 1 and 2 (CDMG1 and CDMG2), were identified for their capacity to promote myocardial hyperplasia through expansion of the cardiac progenitor cell population. We find that Cardiomogen acts as a Wnt inhibitor by targeting β-catenin and reducing Tcf/Lef-mediated transcription in cultured cells. CDMG treatment of amputated zebrafish hearts reduces nuclear β-catenin in injured heart tissue, increases cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation, and expedites wound healing, thus accelerating cardiac muscle regeneration. Importantly, Cardiomogen can alleviate the functional deterioration of mammalian hearts after myocardial infarction. Injured hearts exposed to CDMG1 display increased newly formed CMs and reduced fibrotic scar tissue, which are in part attributable to the β-catenin reduction. Our findings indicate Cardiomogen as a Wnt inhibitor in enhancing injury-induced CM proliferation and heart regeneration, highlighting the values of embryo-based small molecule screens in discovery of effective and safe medicine leads.

[Analysis on the characteristics of acute occupational poisoning events in Yunnan, 2004-2019]

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute occupational poisoning in Yunnan province, so as to provide basis for formulating prevention and control measures of acute occupational poisoning in Yunnan province. Methods: In December 2019, the information of acute occupational poisoning events reported in Yunnan province from 2004 to 2019 was collected, and the epidemiological distribution, event classification, industry characteristics, poison types and poisoning causes were analyzed. Results: A total of 47 acute occupational poisoning incidents were reported in Yunnan province from 2004 to 2019, with 562 poisoning cases and 51 deaths (case fatality rate of 9.07%) . The regions with the largest number of reported incidents were Kunming and Qujing, with 12 incidents (25.53%) and 10 incidents (21.28%) respectively; The majority of incidents was relatively large (31 incidents, 65.96%) , and the industry was mainly distributed in the chemical industry (19 incidents, 40.43%) and metallurgy (15 incidents, 31.91%) . The most poisonous poisons were carbon monoxide (10 incidents, 21.28%) and arsine (9 incidents, 19.15%) . The main causes of poisoning included not using personal protective equipment or poor equipment (25 incidents, 53.19%) , failure to formulate or violate safety operating procedures (15 incidents, 31.91%) . Conclusion: Acute occupational poisoning incidents occur from time to time in Yunnan province, and the fatality rate is high. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of key areas and industries.

Dissecting the Role of VicK Phosphatase in Aggregation and Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus mutans

VicRK (WalRK or YycFG) is a conserved 2-component regulatory system (TCS) that regulates cell division, cell wall biosynthesis, and homeostasis in low-GC Gram-positive bacteria. VicRK is also associated with biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans on the tooth surface as it directly regulates the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis. Of the 2 components, VicK possesses both autokinase and phosphatase activities, which regulate the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the regulator VicR in response to environmental cues. However, the dual mechanism of VicK as the autokinase/phosphatase in regulating S. mutans' responses is not well elucidated. Previously, it has been shown that the phosphatase activity depends on the PAS domain and residues in the DHp domain of VicK in S. mutans. Specifically, mutating proline at 222 in the PAS domain inhibits VicK phosphatase activity. We generated a VicK^P222A mutant to determine the level of VicR-P in the cytoplasm by Phos-tag sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We show that in VicK^P222A phosphatase, attenuation increased phosphorylated VicR (VicR-P) that downregulated glucosyltransferases, gtfBC, thereby reducing the synthesis of water-insoluble polysaccharides (WIS-EPS) in the biofilm. In addition, VicK^P222A presented as long-rod cells, reduced growth, and displayed asymmetrical division. A major adhesin of S. mutans, SpaP was downregulated in VicK^P222A, making it unable to agglutinate in saliva. In summary, we have confirmed that VicK phosphatase activity is critical to maintain optimal phosphorylation status of VicR in S. mutans, which is important for cell growth, cell division, EPS synthesis, and bacterial agglutination in saliva. Hence, VicK phosphatase activity may represent a promising target to modulate S. mutans' pathogenicity.

[Mutation analysis and prenatal diagnosis of MYO7A gene in a case of Usher syndrome type 1]

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and identify the causative gene of a case with congenital deafness. Methods: Detailed medical history and clinical examination of a 4-year-old male child with congenital deafness were conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University in June 2016. He was diagnosed with sensorineural deafness. The venous blood of the child and his parents was drawn, and genomic DNA was extracted. Proband's DNA was performed with targeted capture of high-throughput sequencing, then Sanger sequencing was used to verify the suspected mutation and segregation in this pedigree. According to the genetic diagnosis of the proband's deafness, ophthalmic examinations were performed. Genetic prenatal diagnosis was performed when the proband's mother was pregnant again. Results: The patient was detected with p.Trp1466Ter/p.Tyr2042Ter compound heterozygous mutations of MYO7A gene with targeted high-throughput sequencing. The mutation of p.Trp1466Ter was a reported mutation, while p.Tyr2042Ter has not been reported. In addition to congenital deafness, retinitis pigmentosa was also found by ophthalmologic examination, and the patient was clinically diagnosed with Usher syndrome type 1. Amniocentesis and fetal DNA sequencing were performed on the repregnancy fetus of this family at 18 weeks of gestation. The heterozygous mutation of MYO7A gene p.Tyr2042Ter was found, and the other allele was the wild type, indicating that the child will not exhibit clinical manifestations of Usher syndrome type 1. Indeed, the second child passed neonatal hearing screening. Conclusions: The clinical features and genetic variants were delineated in this family with Usher syndrome type 1. The results of the current study have enriched the phenotype and genotype data of the disease and provided a basis for genetic counseling.

Surgical resection of clinically benign tumours in the maxillomandibular deep lobe of the parotid gland via sternocleidomastoid muscle-parotid space approach

This article reports the surgical resection of clinically benign tumours in the maxillomandibular deep lobe of the parotid gland via sternocleidomastoid muscle-parotid space (SPS) approach. The use of maxillary-mandibular planes to subdivide the deep lobe of the parotid gland in order to establish the tumour location and accessibility is introduced. This approach, which does not raise a skin flap, may preserve the superficial lobe. Ten patients with clinically benign tumours in the maxillomandibular deep lobe of the parotid gland were treated via the SPS approach. The patients were followed up for 3-5 years and the surgical outcomes were analysed. All tumours were completely enucleated via the SPS approach with an optimal aesthetic outcome. No permanent facial weakness or tumour recurrence was identified during the 3-5 years of follow-up. The SPS approach to surgical resection is an ideal option for clinically benign tumours in the maxillomandibular deep lobe of the parotid gland and demonstrates good results.

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma arising from an odontogenic keratocyst: case series and literature review

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features of primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma arising from an odontogenic keratocyst (PIOSCC ex OKC) and comprehensively improve the understanding of this disease.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively investigated five cases of PIOSCC ex OKC at Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. We also conducted a systematic review of studies on PIOSCC ex OKC by using online databases from their inception until February 2020.

Results

In our series of five cases, all lesions were located in the mandible. Three cases (60%) showed recurrent OKCs and two cases (40%) showed primary OKCs. During the follow-up period, one patient died of local relapse. No patients developed metastasis. On the basis of our literature survey, we selected 22 articles reporting 29 patients with PIOSCC ex OKC. Seven of these patients (24.1%) showed local recurrence, three patients (10.3%) developed cervical metastasis, three patients (10.3%) developed distant metastasis (in the pleura in one case and in the lung in two cases), and seven patients died from the disease during the follow-up period. The disease-specific 5-year survival rate in the study group was 53.2%. Through univariate and multivariate analysis, local recurrence was identified as the only significant independent prognostic factor for survival (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The results suggest that PIOSCC ex OKC is a rare intermediate-grade malignancy. Although elective neck dissection is typically unnecessary, adequate therapy should be applied to achieve the lowest local recurrence rate possible to ensure a favorable survival rate.

Key words:Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma, odontogenic keratocyst, prognosis.

N-Aryl glycines as versatile initiators for various polymerizations

N-(1-Pyrenyl)glycine can act as a versatile initiator for various polymerizations.

Baicalin ameliorates Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced lung inflammation in chicken by inhibiting TLR6-mediated NF-κB signalling

1. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) causes severe lung inflammation and cell damage by activating toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Baicalin (BA) is a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, which possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. This study investigated the effect of BA in MG-induced lung inflammation and its potential mechanism in MG-infected chicken embryo lungs and DF-1 cells.2. The histopathological examination result showed that BA treatment alleviated MG-induced lung pathological changes. In addition, CCK-8 and cell cycle assays showed that BA treatment inhibited MG-induced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in DF-1 cells.3. The ELISA and RT-qPCR results demonstrated that BA treatment decreased the expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) both in MG-infected chicken embryo lungs and DF-1 cells.4. The results revealed that BA inhibited mRNA expression levels of toll-like receptor-6 (TLR6), myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p655. In conclusion, the results showed that BA has a protective effect against MG-induced lung inflammation in chicken by inhibiting the TLR6-mediated NF-κB signalling.

[Observation and analysis of lens turbidity lesion induced by low intensity 635 nm laser radiation]

Objective: To study the characteristics of the lens turbidity after long-term exposure to low intensity 635nm laser. Methods: Cluster sampling method was adopted to select 812 employees in a laser leveler workshop in a city of Guangdong Province from January 2014 to December 2018. They were divided into the control group, diffuse reflection (DR) group and direct vision (DV) group for retrospective observation and analysis of lens turbidity. The laser irradiation intensity of each group was investigated, the position and shape of lens opacity were analyzed, and the influencing factors were statistically analyzed with the repeated measurement data of dichotomy. Results: The laser irradiance and radiant exposure of DV group were between 0.72×10(-4) and 9.92×10(-4) mW/cm(2) and between 2.61×10(-2) and 1.53 J/cm(2), respectively. The subjects were mainly diagnosed with lens turbidity lesion, especially for the DV group. Most of lesions occurred in the pole and periphery of the anterior cortex. The lesions exhibited multipoint patterns with greyish white color. The turbidity rates in DV group (before work and work for 1, 2, 3 years) were 0%, 1.99% (8/402) , 4.98% (20/402) and 6.72% (27/402) , respectively, in the order of observation points. The statistical analysis of single factor effect showed that the turbidity rate was higher in DV group and higher in the second year in the DV group (P<0.01) . Multi-factor analysis of the laser effect on the lens showed that the main effect between groups, between the observation point were statistically significant (P<0.05) , but no statistical significance in the interaction between group×observation points (P>0.05) . Conclusion: Lens turbidity lesion can be caused by long-term exposure to low intensity 635 nm laser, so the product safety classification should be strictly strengthened. It is necessary to strengthen the protection of laser photochemical damage in the production process.

Measurement of the Low-Energy Antideuteron Inelastic Cross Section

In this Letter, we report the first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions at low particle momenta, covering a range of 0.3≤p<4  GeV/c. The measurement is carried out using p-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC and utilizing the detector material as an absorber for antideuterons and antiprotons. The extracted raw primary antiparticle-to-particle ratios are compared to the results from detailed ALICE simulations based on the geant4 toolkit for the propagation of (anti)particles through the detector material. The analysis of the raw primary (anti)proton spectra serves as a benchmark for this study, since their hadronic interaction cross sections are well constrained experimentally. The first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions averaged over the ALICE detector material with atomic mass numbers ⟨A⟩=17.4 and 31.8 is obtained. The measured inelastic cross section points to a possible excess with respect to the Glauber model parametrization used in geant4 in the lowest momentum interval of 0.3≤p<0.47  GeV/c up to a factor 2.1. This result is relevant for the understanding of antimatter propagation and the contributions to antinuclei production from cosmic ray interactions within the interstellar medium. In addition, the momentum range covered by this measurement is of particular importance to evaluate signal predictions for indirect dark-matter searches.

Comparison of outcomes using radiotherapy or brachytherapy after resection of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma in oral and maxillofacial regions

We wished to investigate the outcome of surgery combined with external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (¹²⁵I seeds) for the treatment of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the oral and maxillofacial region. Data of patients with primary ACC were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into EBRT and brachytherapy groups. Wide tumor excision was done to achieve negative margins. Standard radiotherapy in the EBRT group was 60 Gy. A treatment-planning system was used to create implantation plans with a prescribed dose of 60-120 Gy and ¹²⁵I seeds were implanted postoperatively. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests were used to analyze local control and survival. The median duration of followup was 66.1 and 46.8 months for the EBRT group and brachytherapy group, respectively. There was no significant difference in local control, control of metastasis to regional lymph nodes, or control of distant metastasis between the two groups. There was no significant difference in overall survival, disease-specific survival, or disease-free survival in the two groups at 3 years and 5 years. The prevalence of complications in the brachytherapy group was lower than that in the EBRT group. Both methods elicited good treatment effects, but the prevalence of adverse events was lower in the brachytherapy group.