[Correlation between prognosis and laboratory parameters of complete deafness in patients with sudden deafness]

Objective: To study the correlation between the prognosis of sudden deafness and laboratory indicators, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical evaluation of prognosis and selection of appropriate interventions.Method: A retrospective analysis of 123 cases of total deafness was conducted(all frequencies decreased with 250-8 000 Hz average hearing threshold ≥ 81 dB HL). All patients admitted to the hospital received laboratory test within 24 hours and underwent a unified treatment: alprostadil + mecobalamin + citicoline sodium phosphate + Ginkgo biloba extract + batroxobin + methylprednisolone (patients with hypertension or diabetes were given retro-auricular injection). After 2 weeks of comprehensive treatment, the pure tone audiometry was reviewed and the clinical efficacy was evaluated. According to the prognosis, the patients were divided into the healing group, the marked effective group, the effective group and the ineffective group. The laboratory indicators included: white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio(NHR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood lipid, red blood cell count, hemoglobin(Hb), plasma fibrinogen content(FIB). Result: There were no significant differences in white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, NHR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood lipid index and red blood cell count between different prognosis groups(all P>0.05). The differences of FIB and Hb were statistically significant(P<0.05). The overall prognosis was negatively correlated with FIB and positively correlated with Hb. Patients with vertigo had a worse prognosis and a higher plasma FIB level than those without vertigo(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference of Hb between patients with and without vertigo(P>0.05). Conclusion: FIB and Hb can be used as correlative indexes to evaluate the prognosis of patients with sudden deafness, and the effects of vertigo and other associated symptoms on the prognosis should be comprehensively analyzed. .

[Advance in evaluation of lumbar function after long fixation of degenerative scoliosis]

With the aging of the population, the incidence of degenerative lumbar scoliosis has increased year by year. Long-segment orthopedic fixation surgery is an important method for the treatment of severe degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Currently, the evaluation of postoperative results is mainly based on the degree of relief of postoperative clinical symptoms, as well as the improvement of imaging deformity and balance. The studies show that although surgery has high difficulty and risk, most patients can benefit from surgery. Besides, it is reported that long-segment fixation can alleviate the symptoms of pain and improve the quality of life. However, it also decreases the local activity of the lumbar spine, leading to stiffness of lumbar, which may affect the activities of daily living (ADL) partly. Lumbar Stiffness Disability Index (LSDI) is a scale for evaluating the impact of lumbar spine stiffness on ADL. The scale has certain limitations and needs to be applied to Chinese people on the basis of optimization. In this paper, the researches of lumbar spine function evaluation after degenerative lumbar scoliosis and long segmental orthopedic fixation and the clinical use of LSDI are briefly reviewed.

[Effectiveness of vaginal high uterosacral ligament suspension for treatment of recurrent pelvic organ prolapse]

Objective: To evaluate the indications and clinic outcomes of vaginal high uterosacral ligament suspension (HUS) for treatment of recurrent advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 42 women with recurrent advanced POP who were referred to Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital and underwent transvaginal HUS between November 2005 and January 2018. Primary surgeries included 30 vaginal colporrhaphy, 5 Manchester operation, 5 transvaginal mesh repair,2 sacrospinous ligament fixation.The median time for recurrence from primary pelvic floor repair surgery was 9 months, including 14 cases (33%, 14/42) ≤3 months (median time was 2 months) and 25 cases (67%, 28/42) longer than 3 months (median time was 18 months).The rate of recurrent prolapse in stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ was 79% (33 cases), 45% (19 cases) and 17%(7 cases) in anterior, apical and posterior compartment respectively. Results: Transvaginal high bilateral uterosacral ligaments were identified and used for successful vaginal vault suspension after vaginal hysterectomy and residual cervical resection in all 42 consecutive patients. The cases of transvaginal mesh used in anterior wall and posterior wall were 25 (60%, 25/42) and 3 (7%, 3/42) respectively. There was no major intra- and postoperative complications,such as ureter and other pelvic organ injury. The median time of follow-up was 5.3 years after transvaginal HUS. The points of pelvic organ prolapse quantification system reduced significantly and point C improved from +0.3 cm to -8.2 cm after reoperation (P<0.01). The objective cure rate were 100% (42/42) both in apex and posterior compartment,while 93% (39/42) in anterior compartment. None had reoperation or pessary usage for recurrence of prolapse. Conclusion: Transvaginal HUS with vaginal wall repair could be as a safety, cost-effective, minimal traumatic and durable procedure for recurrent POP in the most of cases.

[Well-differentiated liposarcoma of the retropharyngeal space: a case report]

Liposarcomas represent a significant proportion of softtissue sarcomas. However, rare cases of primary liposarcoma of the throat have been reported in the literature and they are exceedingly rare in the retropharyngeal space. The present study report a case of a 60 year old patient with retropharyngeal liposarcoma. Uniquely, because the patient has a hashimoto's thyroiditis, therefore the patient presented with typically worsening poor breathing.

The earliest human occupation of the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau 40 thousand to 30 thousand years ago

The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and one of the most demanding environments ever inhabited by humans. We investigated the timing and mechanisms of its initial colonization at the Nwya Devu site, located nearly 4600 meters above sea level. This site, dating from 40,000 to 30,000 years ago, is the highest Paleolithic archaeological site yet identified globally. Nwya Devu has yielded an abundant blade tool assemblage, indicating hitherto-unknown capacities for the survival of modern humans who camped in this environment. This site deepens the history of the peopling of the "roof of the world" and the antiquity of human high-altitude occupations more generally.

Serum oxidative stress, inflammatory response and platelet activation in patients with vascular vertigo

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation and clinical significance of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in vascular vertigo (VV). The subjects were divided into three groups: vascular vertigo (group A), non-vascular vertigo (group B) and controls (group C). The serum levels of IL-6 (interleukins-6), SOD (superoxide dismutase), MDA (malondialdehyde) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and CD62P (also called P-Selectin) activation rates were determined and compared among the three groups. The levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA and CD62P in group A were significantly higher than those of group B and group C (P less than 0.05). The SOD level of group A was lower than that of group B and group C (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups B and C in IL-6, TNF- αMDA, SOD and CD62P (P>0.05). In patients with vascular vertigo, TNF-α levels had a weak linear correlation with those of low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.025, r = 0.312). There was no linear correlation between TNF-α and SOD in patients with VV and non-VV. The occurrence of inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress may cause abnormal lipid metabolism in the body and promote the occurrence of VV, and platelet activation may be involved in its formation.

[Characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases with non-marital but non-commercial heterosexual transmission in Hangzhou, 2015-2017]

Objective: To describe the characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases via non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission and to find out the relative factors in Hangzhou, from 2015 to 2017. Methods: Data were collected through the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention data system. Study subjects would include those reported HIV/AIDS cases who were residents of Hangzhou and were infected via non-marital heterosexual transmission, between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017. Demographic characteristics and behavioral information were collected. χ(2) test was used to compare different characteristics of the non-married heterosexual transmission subjects. Logistic regression was used to assess factors that associated with non-marital but non-commercial HIV heterosexual transmission with SPSS. 20 software used to analyze statistically. Results: Non-marital HIV heterosexual transmission accounted for 38.03% (1 393/3 663) of the total new reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2015-2017. Out of the 1 393 HIV/AIDS cases, those infected through non-marital but non-commercial heterosexual transmission accounted for 50.83% (708/1 393), and those through non-martial commercial transmission was accounted for 49.17% (685/1 393). Male to female ratio was 3.51 ∶ 1 (1 084/309). Male HIV cases reported that their major way of infection was via non-marital commercial transmission (670/1 084, 61.81%), while female patients reported the way was via non-marital non-commercial (294/309, 95.1%). Results from multivariate logistic analysis showed that the related risk factors and ORs for non-marital but non-commercial transmission appeared as: female (aOR=48.25, 95%CI: 26.94- 88.44),<30 year olds (aOR=2.43, 95%CI: 1.31-4.51), 30-39 year olds (aOR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.11- 3.33), 40-49 year olds (aOR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.08-3.00), married or unmarried (vs. divorced or widowed, aOR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.10-2.24; aOR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.15-2.78), high school and above of education level (vs. primary school and under of education level, aOR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.18-2.80), administrative officers or employee (vs. farmers, aOR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.04-1.91). Number of non- marital partners less than 5 (vs. number of non-marital partners more than 5, aOR=10.65, 95%CI: 6.41-17.42). Conclusions: HIV/AIDS cases with non-marital heterosexual transmission accounted for considerable proportion regarding the HIV transmission in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2017. Differences were found in the following factors as non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission with diverse gender, age, marital status, educational level and occupation among of the HIV/AIDS patients.

[A probe into the origin and development of Ba Duan Jin's name and its connotation]

The earliest record of Ba Duan Jin is Yi Jian Zhi(, Records of Yi Jian) of the Song Dynasty, among which Ba Duan Jin refers to sitting Ba Duan Jin.Many Ba Duan Jin in books from Ming and Qing Dynasty, which are about nurturing vitality and preserving health, refer to the sitting Ba Duan Jin.Standing Ba Duan Jin was not called Ba Duan Jin at first. It was basically established in Dao Shu of the Song Dynasty, which has no specific name.At the procedure of spread, it was called "Yin Dao Jue" or "Lyu Zhen Ren An Le Ge" or "Xu Zhen Jun Yin Dao Jue" . Until the early years of Guangxu, when the Yijinjing Wai Jing Tu Shuo first call the standing Ba Duan Jin as Ba Duan Jin, the word Ba Duan Jin were mainly referred to standing Ba Duan Jin instead of sitting Ba Duan Jin.

Heat-induced protein oxidation of soybean meal impairs growth performance and antioxidant status of broilers

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of oxidative modification on soybean meal (SBM) proteins after exposure to different heating times, and the effects of the oxidized SBM on the growth performance [average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed to gain ratio (F: G)], oxidative redox status [(reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC)]. A total of 400 one-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups with 8 replicates of 10 birds each. Birds in the control group (CON) were fed diet containing non-heated SBM, and those in the treatment groups were fed SBM heated at 100°C for 1, 2, 4, and 8 h, for 42 d. Heated SBM (HSBM) showed a relatively higher PC content in vitro. The ADG decreased, whereas the F:G increased linearly with an increase in heating time during the starter (days 1 to 21), grower (days 22 to 42), and the overall growth phases (days 1 to 42; P < 0.05). However, the ADFI decreased linearly only during the grower phase (P < 0.05). The plasma, liver, and jejunum ROS levels, MDA concentrations, and PC contents increased linearly (P < 0.05) in broilers fed HSBM. Furthermore, the TAC in the plasma and jejunum, and the total SOD and GSH-Px activities in the plasma, liver, and jejunum decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in broilers when feeding HSBM. (P < 0.05). The mRNA level of Nrf2 in the liver and jejunum was lower (P < 0.05) in broilers fed diet containing the SBM after 8 h heat-treatment than in those fed the CON diet at days 42. This study suggested that heat-induced protein oxidation of SBM could decrease growth performance and impair antioxidant status of broilers.

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Taenia multiceps from China

Taenia multiceps, one of the most widely distributed zoonotic tapeworm parasites, is able to parasitize the small intestine of canids. The metacestode of T.multiceps is fatal to ruminants and causes important economic losses in livestock. However, molecular characteristics of T.multiceps and coenurus in China are still unclear. In this study, 36 goat isolates of the coenurus stage and 18 dog isolates of the adult stage of T.multiceps were obtained from three geographical areas in China and the isolated parasite above were analyzed by amplifying the partial of cytochrome coxidase subunit 1(pcox1), 12S ribosomal RNA (12S rRNA) from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions and an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). These DNA sequences obtained from T.multiceps and coenurus were employed to evaluate the nucleotide diversity and confirm the relationship between T.multiceps and coenurus. Sequences variation were 0-1.4%, 0-1.5%, 0-4.2% for pcox1, 12S rRNA and ITS, respectively, among T.multiceps and coenurus isolates obtained in this study. In Sichuan province, sequence variations for Coenurus cerebralis isolated from Yaan city were 0-1.4% for pcox1, 0-1.0% for 12S rRNA and 0-2.1% for ITS. In Hunan province, variations were 0-1.0%, 0-1.5% and 0-3.3% for corresponding genes for non-coenurus cerebralis isolated from Changsha city, while variations of T.multiceps isolates from Xiangxi autonomous prefecture were 0-1.0%, 0-1.1% and 0-3.4% for pcox1, 12S rRNA and ITS, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on pcox1 sequences indicated that all cerebral and noncerebral metacestodes belong to T.multiceps. These results provide reference values for future molecular epidemiological and biological study on T.multiceps in dogs and intermediate hosts.

[Characteristics analysis of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo-spontaneously cured]

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo which were spontaneously cured. Method: A total of 1 257 patients with chief complaint of positional vertigo were included and analyzed retrospectively, in which 921 cases were diagnosed as BPPV with the diagnosis standard of Guiyang meeting, and the other 336 cases were negative in the positional test diagnosed as BPPV-spontaneously cured. The age，gender and history course of the two groups were analyzed respectively.Result:①Among the 1 257 cases of BPPV, 336 (111 male and 225 female) were diagnosed as BPPV-spontaneously cured, with total self remission rate of 26.7%. And the female self remission rate is lower than men slightly（25.9% vs 28.5%）.②The ratio of male to female was 1∶2 in patients with BPPV-spontaneously cured and 1∶2.3 in patients with BPPV. Patients of the two groups were mostly female, and there was no significant difference in gender distribution. ③There was no significant difference in age distribution between patients of BPPV-spontaneously cured and BPPV, and patients of ＞50-70 years old were common in both groups.④The history course of patients in BPPV-spontaneously cured and BPPV both were mostly within 2 weeks at their first visit to hospital,each accounting for 75.3% and 69.3%.But the ratio of patients with BPPV-spontaneously cured for 1-2 weeks was higher than that of the BPPV (20.5% vs 15.1%), and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:Whether patients with BPPV can cure spontaneously is not related to age or gender, while women may have a tendency of lower self remission rate. The natural course of patients with BPPV-spontaneously cured is mostly within 2-4 weeks. The duration of natural course may be related to the type of semicircular canal involved.

[Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor with venous thromboembolism in patients with lung cancer]

Objective: s To investigate the distributions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of tissue factor (TF) and its inhibitor tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and analyze the association of the SNPs with venous thromboembolism (VTE) in lung cancer patients. Methods: Between October 2009 and August 2013, a total of 152 hospitalized patients with newly diagnosed primary non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled from Beijing Chao Yang Hospital. Among them [male 105 cases, female 47 cases, with an age of (62.4±13.2) years old], 40 cases were lung cancer patients with VTE, 112 cases were lung cancer patients without VTE. In the same period, 79 healthy controls were included from the physical examination center. All patients' blood specimens were collected and their DNA was isolated. The selected SNPs were TF+ 5466A/G, TFPI-287T/C and TFPI-33T/C and they were investigated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) followed by validation of DNA sequence analysis. Results: Allelic frequencies of TF+ 5466G, TFPI-287C and TFPI-33C were 2.5%, 33.8% and 8.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference among the three groups in genotype or allele frequency distributions of TF+ 5466A/G, TFPI-287T/C and TFPI-33T/C polymorphisms (all P>0.05). There was no difference from different genders and ages in allele or genotype frequency distributions of TF+ 5466A/G, TFPI-287T/C and TFPI-33T/C polymorphisms among the three groups (all P>0.05). Meanwhile, the frequency distributions of genotype and allele of the three SNPs were not associated with lung cancer patients with VTE (all P>0.05). Still, no relationship was found between genotype or allele frequency distributions of the three SNPs with prognosis of lung cancer patients with VTE. Conclusion: Genotype alterations in TF+ 5466A/G, TFPI-287T/C and TFPI-33T/C may be unrelated to the occurrence of VTE and the prognosis of lung cancer patients with VTE.

[Airway inflammation in sleep disordered breathing children: preliminary results]

Objective:To assess the clinical significance of nasal nitric oxide(NNO) levels in children with sleep disordered breathing(SDB).Method:Thirty children with SDB and twenty healthy children were enrolled. The NNO levels were measured non-invasively using a NIOX MINO system. SPSS statistics 20.0 software was used to analyze the data. Result:Compared to healthy children,NNO level was significant higher in children with SDB(Z=-2.215,P<0.05) .Correlation analysis showed that SDB children's NNO level was directly correlated with AHI(r=0.429,P<0.05),and it was inversely correlated with nadir SaO2(r=-0.482,P<0.01).But NNO level was not significantly correlated with other polysomnographic parameters. Conclusion:Our data suggested that NNO levels might be useful for evaluating the disease severity in SDB children.

Elective nodal irradiation or involved-field irradiation in definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell cancer: a retrospective analysis in clinical N0 patients

Objective

We compared failure patterns and survival after elective nodal irradiation (eni) or involved-field irradiation (ifi) in patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (escc), clinical stage T2-4N0M0, to determine whether ifi is feasible for such patients.

Methods

Between 2005 and 2015, 126 patients with clinical stage T2-4N0M0 thoracic escc who received definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy in Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute and who had complete data, were analyzed retrospectively. Of those patients, 49 received ifi, and 77 received eni. In the ifi group, the radiation field included the primary tumour, with a 3-cm to 4-cm margin in the craniocaudal direction, and the elective irradiation was delivered to the adjacent regional lymphatics according to the location of the primary tumour. Patterns of failure were classified using the first site of failure, which included primary tumour failure, regional lymph node failure, and distant metastasis.

Results

Median progression-free survival was 20 months [95% confidence interval (ci): 7.87 months to 39.2 months] in the ifi group and 30 months (95% ci: 17.4 months to 44.6 months) in the eni group (p = 0.580). Median overall survival (os) was 36 months (95% ci: 21.9 months to 50.1 months) in the ifi group and 38 months (95% ci: 26.1 months to 49.9 months) in the eni group (p = 0.761). The estimated 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year os rates were, respectively, 87.8%, 49.4%, and 32.3% for the ifi patients and 92.2%, 52.0%, and 28.9% for the eni patients. Disease persistence and primary lesion recurrence after complete remission (cr) were the most frequent causes of treatment failure in the patients overall (83 of 124, 66.9%). Of the 66 patients achieving a clinical cr, 25 experienced recurrence of the primary lesion, 12 experienced distant relapse, 10 experienced regional nodal failure, and 2 experienced an isolated recurrence. No significant differences in the pattern of failure or in the incidences of grade 3 or greater treatment-related myelosuppression or esophagitis were found between the ifi and eni groups.

Conclusions

In patients with thoracic escc clinical stage T2-4N0M0 receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy, failure patterns and os were similar with either eni or ifi. Large prospective randomized studies are needed to further investigate and verify those results in this subgroup of patients.

Measurement of the toroidal radiation asymmetry during massive gas injection triggered disruptions on J-TEXT

Disruptions have the potential to cause severe damage to large tokamaks like ITER. The mitigation of disruption damage is one of the essential issues for the tokamak. Massive gas injection (MGI) is a technique in which large amounts of a noble gas are injected into the plasma in order to safely radiate the plasma energy evenly over the entire plasma-facing wall. However, the radiated energy during the disruption triggered by massive gas injection is found to be toroidally asymmetric. In order to investigate the spatial and temporal structures of the radiation asymmetry, the radiated power diagnostics for the J-TEXT tokamak have been upgraded. The multi-channel arrays of absolute extreme ultraviolet photodiodes have been upgraded at four different toroidal positions to investigate the radiation asymmetries during massive gas injection. It is found that the toroidal asymmetry is associated with plasma properties and MGI induced MHD activities.

[Mechanism of cleft palate in C57BL/6N mice induced by retinoic acid]

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of cleft palate in mice induced by excessive all-trans retinoic acid (atRA). Methods: The pregnant mice were randomly divided into atRA-treated group (n=27) and control group (n=27). atRA-treated group was given by gavage a single dose of atRA (100 mg/kg) at 8: 00 AM on gestation day 10 (GD10) and the control group was given by gavage the isopyknic corn oil. At GD13-GD15, the fetal mice palate development was observed by HE staining. The mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cell proliferation was detected by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry. The expressions of Smad2, phospho-Smad2 (p-Smad2), Smad4 and Smad7 in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme were analyzed by Western blotting. Results: At GD13-GD15, compared with the control, the ratio of BrdU-positive cells in the palatal mesenchyme of atRA-treated fetuses decreased significantly (P<0.05), especially at GD14, atRA inhibition rate was (65.4±1.7)%. Moreover, atRA decreased the levels of p-Smad2 and Smad4 in embryonic palate mesenchymal cells, whereas the expression of Smad7 was significantly increased at GD14 and GD15. Conclusions: atRA may lead to cleft palate by inhibiting the activation of Smad signaling pathway and affecting the proliferation of palatal mesenchymal cells.

[Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from broiler whole production process in four provinces of China]

Objective: To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from broiler production process in 4 provinces of China. Methods: Using convenience sampling method, 238 sample sites from broiler whole production process were chosen in Henan, Jiangsu, Heilongjiang and Shandong provinces in 2012. A total of 11 592 samples were collected and detected to analyze prevalence baseline, including 2 090 samples from breeding chicken farms and hatcheries, 1 421 samples from broiler farms, 5 610 samples from slaughterhouses and 2 471 samples from distribution and retail stores. All Salmonella strains were isolated through selective enrichment, and were serotyped according to Kauffmann-White scheme. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of selected Salmonella strains were determined by the broth microdilution method and fourteen antimicrobial agents were examined. Results: During incubation course, the average prevalence of Salmonella was 5.5% in feces of breeding hens, feces of chicks, and hatching eggs, 123 Salmonella strains were isolated. During cultivation course, the prevalence of Salmonella was 8.0% in feces from broiler farms, soil, feed, and workers, 114 Salmonella strains were isolated. During slaughter course, the prevalence of Salmonella was 24.9% in swabs pre-slaughter, dressed broiler carcasses, pre-cooled broiler carcasses, water from precooling pool, cutter and chipping boards, frozen chicken portions, and workers, 1 438 Salmonella strains were isolated. During distribution and sale course, the prevalence of Salmonella was 20.9% in transport carts, frozen chicken portions, retail chicken portions and workers, 551 Salmonella strains were isolated. The dominant Salmonella serotypes were Salmonella Enteritidis (n=1 229) and Salmonella Indiana (n=621). Among 1 231 examined strains, 97.2% Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, 69.9% Salmonella strains were multi-drug resistant isolates. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that Salmonella contamination was common and serious in commercial broiler whole production process in China, especially in the course of defeathering, precooling and selling. The environment of broiler farm is the important source of Salmonella contamination. Additionally, antibiotic resistance of Salmonella was serious for common antimicrobials and multi-drug resistant strains existed widespread, which can pose potential risk on public health and clinical therapy.

Effects of sources and concentrations of zinc on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fur quality of growing-furring female mink (Mustela vison)

A completely randomized 3 × 3 + 1 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of sources and concentrations of Zn on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical endpoints, and fur quality in growing-furring female black mink. One hundred fifty healthy 15-wk-old female mink were randomly allocated to 10 dietary treatments ( = 15/group) for a 60-d trial. Animals in the control group were fed a basal diet, which consisted of mainly corn, soybean oil, meat and bone meal, and fish meal, with no Zn supplementation. Mink in the other 9 treatments were fed the basal diet supplemented with Zn from either zinc sulfate (ZnSO), zinc glycinate (ZnGly), or Zn pectin oligosaccharides (ZnPOS) at concentrations of either 100, 300, or 900 mg Zn/kg DM. The results showed that mink in the ZnPOS groups had higher ADG than those in the ZnSO groups (main effect, < 0.05). The addition of Zn reduced the G:F ( < 0.05). In addition, CP and crude fat digestibility were linearly increased with Zn supplementation ( < 0.05) and N retention tended to increase with Zn addition ( = 0.08). Dietary Zn supplementation increased the concentration of serum albumin and activity of alkaline phosphatase ( < 0.05). There was a linear effect of dietary Zn on the concentration of tibia Zn and pancreatic Zn ( < 0.05). For fur quality characteristics, the fur density and hair color of mink were improved by dietary Zn concentration ( < 0.05). Compared with ZnSO (100%), relative bioavailability values of ZnGly were 115 and 118%, based on tibia and pancreatic Zn, respectively, and relative bioavailability values of ZnPOS were 152 and 142%, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Zn supplementation can promote growth and increase nutrient digestibility and fur quality and that ZnPOS is more bioavailable than ZnSO and ZnGly in growing-furring female mink.

[Clinical study of hydrogen-rich saline in the treatment of moderate to severe allergic rhinitis]

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of nasal lavage with hydrogen-rich saline in the treatment of moderate to severe allergic rhinitis.Method:Twenty patients with moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis were treated with normal saline and hydrogen-rich saline lavage the nasal cavity. The study was randomized doubl-blind self-control study. The symptoms and signs score, treatment index and total effective rate were evaluated before and after treatment, and the nasal conjunctivitis related quality of life questionnaire (BQLQ) was used to evaluate the life quality of patients.Result:There were significant differences of the symptoms, signs scores, the treatment index, the total efficiency and BQLQ between the two kinds of lavage fluid used for patients before and after treatment(P<0.05). No significant adverse reactions occurred during follow-up.Conclusion:Hydrogen-enriched saline is safe and effective for allergic rhinitis.

[Gynecological acute abdomen in patients age under 18: an analysis of 237 cases]

Objective: To investigate the constituent ratio, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic acute abdomen in patients age under 18. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 237 patients under 18 years old who had been admitted in Rizhao People's Hospital from June 2013 to November 2016. The patients were divided into two groups: groupⅠ (under ten years old, 49 cases) and group Ⅱ (ten to eighteen years old, 188 cases) . The first visit departments, constituent ratio, clinical manifestations and treatment methods of the two groups were summarized and analyzed. Results: The proportion of first visit department was gynecology department in the group Ⅰwas lower than that in group Ⅱ [18.4% (9/49) versus 69.1% (130/188) , P<0.01]. The proportion of diseases in the two groups was different; the proportion of ovarian tumors (59.2%, 29/49) , genital malformations (10.2%, 5/49) and ovarian torsions (10.2%, 5/49) in group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those in group Ⅱ, while the pregnancy related diseases in group Ⅱ (37.2%, 70/188) was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.01) . Conclusions: Clinicians should pay enough attention to the acute abdomen caused by gynecological factors in childhood and adolescence. The differential diagnosis of acute abdomen should pay attention to. In the choice of treatment methods, we should give full consideration to the special age, and try to maintain their normal growth and physiological function.

[Etiological characteristics analysis of 3 137 outpatients with vertigo or dizziness in ENT department]

Objective: To analyze the etiological characteristics of patients in department of ENT with chief complaint of vertigo or dizziness in order to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis and wrong treatment. Method: A total of 3 137 patients in department of ENT with chief complaint of vertigo or dizziness from Sep 2015 to Sep 2017 were included and the etiologies were clarified retrospectively. And in which with any of the 8 kinds of disease including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV), vestibular neuritis, vestibular migraine (VM), Meiniére disease, recurrent vestibular disease, sudden deafness with vertigo, psychogenic vertigo, posterior circulation ischemia (PCI) together 2 138 patients were further stratified analyzed by gender and age. Result: ①Etiological characteristics of patients with vertigo or dizziness：among the 3 137 patients with vertigo or dizziness in ENT department in our hosipital, the peripheral diseases of vestibular were the most common disease with a total of 1 607 cases, accounting for 51.23%. And there were 506 cases of the central diseases of vestibular accounting for 16.13%, 382 cases of other systemic diseases accounting for 12.18%, 85 cases（2.71%）of psychogenic vertigo, 557 cases （17.76%）of unknown etiology. ②Analysis of the frequent and serious causing of patients with vertigo or dizziness: among the 2 138(68.15%) patients with vertigo or dizziness, BPPV with a total of 827 cases (26.36%) was the most prevalent,while 215(25.99%) of them were diagnosed as self-cured BPPV,vestibular neuritis and VM were the second prevalent with 420 cases (13.39%) and 329 cases (10.49%) respectively, Meiniére disease, recurrent vestibular disease, sudden deafness with vertigo were the third prevalent with 209 cases (6.66%), 144 cases (4.59%), 102 cases (3.25%), respectively; well psychogenic vertigo and PCI were relatively rare, with respectively 85 cases (2.71%) and 22 cases (0.70%). Eotiology analysis stratified by age: The causes of vertigo or dizziness were ranged with age, and patients of 50-70 years old were most common with a total of 1 011 cases, accounting for 49.6%. Etiology analysis stratified by gender: There was gender difference in patients with vertigo or dizziness,such as BPPV, VM, recurrent vestibular disease, sudden deafness with vertigo and psychogenic vertigo were common in female, while PCI in male insteadly. Conclusion: ①Among the patients with vertigo or dizziness, the pheripheral diseases of vestibular are the most prevalent, in which BPPV takes the highest accidence. ②Patients ranging from 50 to 70 years old take the main parts in patients with vertigo or dizziness. And there is an obvious gender difference in patients with BPPV, VM, recurrent vestibular disease, sudden deafness with vertigo, psychogenic vertigo and PCI.

[Effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia on hepatic function and protective mechanism of adiponectin in rats]

Objective: To explore the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on rats hepatic function, and the protective mechanism of adiponectin (Ad). Methods: Sixty healthy male wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control (NC), NC+ Ad, CIH, and CIH+ Ad groups with 15 rats in each. The rats in CIH and CIH+ Ad groups were exposed to an intermittent hypoxic chamber 8 hours per day for 4 months. Meanwhile, the rats in both the NC and NC + Ad groups were housed with normal pressure air. The rats in the NC+ Ad and CIH+ Ad groups were additionally treated with an intravenous injection of Ad (10 μg), twice a week for 4 months. At the end of experiment, comparison among groups was made about plasma levels of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), degrees of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondrium associated cellular apoptosis. Results: No significant difference was detected in all items between NC and NC+ Ad groups (all P>0.05). Plasma hepatic enzyme levels of AST and ALT were significantly higher in CIH group [(319±21) and (113±9) U/L] than those in NC group [(178±19) and (51±9) U/L] and NC+ Ad group [(175±16) and (52±8) U/L] (all P<0.05). Compared NC with NC+ Ad group, there was more remarkable ERS and mitochondrial injury associated cellular apoptosis in hepatic tissues of CIH group. Such pathological changes were less obvious in CIH+ Ad group than in CIH group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: CIH can induce hepatic injury in rats, while Ad supplement may play a protective role possibly through inhibition of ERS and associated pathways of cellular apoptosis.

[Surveillance of contamination level and antimicrobial resistance analysis of Salmonella on broiler carcasses after chilling in 4 poultry slaughterhouses of Henan Province]

Objective: Tests were carried out for obtaining contamination level and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella on broiler carcasses after chilling in four poultry slaughterhouses in Henan. Methods: Totally, two hundred sixty nine broiler carcasses after chilling were collected in four slaughterhouses with the daily slaughter amount around 15 000 to 50 000. For qualitative analysis of Salmonella EFSA method was used and for quantitative analysis of Salmonella modified Rappaport-Vassiliadis most probable number (MSRV-MPN) method was used. All of the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 8 antibiotics by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: Overall, 48.7% (131/269) of the broiler carcasses after chilling were contaminated by Salmonella, and the average of contamination level is 1.32 most probable number MPN/g. Eight serotypes were detected. The dominant serotype is Salmonella enteritidis (93, 71.0%) followed by Salmonella Indiana (21, 16.0%). Only 2 (1.5%) Salmonella enteritidis strains were sensitive to all the tested antibiotics and the remaining 129 isolates were resistant to at least one kind of eight class antibiotics. Among them, resistant to NAL was the common (104, 79.4%) and 51 (38.9%) Salmonella isolates were multidrug-resistant. Conclusion: The contamination rate and multiple antimicrobial resistant of Salmonella on broiler carcasses after chilling from slaughterhouses was very serious, while the isolates contained various serotypes.