The Processing Behavior of Liquid Sn/Molten Polyethylene during Internal Mixing

In our study, liquid tin (Sn) was mixed with molten polyethylene using an internal mixer; the interfacial tension between the liquid Sn and molten polyethylene was measured using the deformed drop retraction method. The results showed that liquid Sn separated when the Sn content was higher than approximately 2 % by volume because of the interfacial tension of up to 167 mN/m and the 106-fold viscosity difference between the liquid Sn and the molten polyethylene. When Sn separation did not occur, the effects of the mixing time and rotary speed on the degree of mixing and the Sn particle size were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the effects of mixing time and rotary speed on the degree of mixing and Sn particle size can be combined as the impact of specific energy input. With increasing specific energy input, the degree of mixing initially increased and subsequently remained constant, while the Sn particle size initially decreased and subsequently remained constant. The refinement of the dispersed phase was completed with a low specific energy input, but the homogenization of the dispersed phase required a higher specific energy input to achieve completion, revealing the relationship between distributive mixing and dispersive mixing.

Software defined networking (SDN) over space division multiplexing (SDM) optical networks: features, benefits and experimental demonstration

We present results from the first demonstration of a fully integrated SDN-controlled bandwidth-flexible and programmable SDM optical network utilizing sliceable self-homodyne spatial superchannels to support dynamic bandwidth and QoT provisioning, infrastructure slicing and isolation. Results show that SDN is a suitable control plane solution for the high-capacity flexible SDM network. It is able to provision end-to-end bandwidth and QoT requests according to user requirements, considering the unique characteristics of the underlying SDM infrastructure.

Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus re-emerges in China in winter 2013

Through a national surveillance system for unexplained pneumonia, a severe case of influenza A(H7N9) in a man in his mid-30s was identified in Zhejiang Province, China on 14 October 2013. Epidemiological and clinical findings were consistent with the patterns reported during the outbreak in spring 2013, and laboratory findings showed that the virus had 99.6% identity with earlier H7N9 viruses identified in humans in the spring except for five mutations in the NA gene.

Molecular Dynamics Study on Permeability of Gas Molecules through Amorphous PPX Polymers

Amorphous poly-para-xylylene (PPX) polymers were constructed using molecular mechanics (MM) and NVT+NPT-annealing methods. They provide the cut-off free volumes to absorb and transfer gas molecules. The corresponding sorption and diffusion properties were determined via Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC), NVT-Molecular Dynamics (MD) and cluster analysis methods. The results showed that temperature and pressure influence the sorption properties of gases obviously, but not to the diffusion coefficients of gases. Analyzing on the mean square displacement (MSD) data, this work finds that gases walk randomly through amorphous PPX polymers. The relative cluster permeability approaches to the experimental data.

Infectivity, transmission, and pathology of human-isolated H7N9 influenza virus in ferrets and pigs

The emergence of the H7N9 influenza virus in humans in Eastern China has raised concerns that a new influenza pandemic could occur. Here, we used a ferret model to evaluate the infectivity and transmissibility of A/Shanghai/2/2013 (SH2), a human H7N9 virus isolate. This virus replicated in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of the ferrets and was shed at high titers for 6 to 7 days, with ferrets showing relatively mild clinical signs. SH2 was efficiently transmitted between ferrets via direct contact, but less efficiently by airborne exposure. Pigs were productively infected by SH2 and shed virus for 6 days but were unable to transmit the virus to naïve pigs or ferrets. Under appropriate conditions, human-to-human transmission of the H7N9 virus may be possible.

Trends in seroprevalence of antibodies to pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) virus among patients seeking care in China

We determined seroprevalence of antibodies to pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) virus in outpatients in China from December 2009 to March 2010. Serum antibody titers were determined by a hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay using the seroprevalence data for 2006-2008 (1.2%) as baseline. The overall seroprevalence was 7.6%, 18.6%, 20.5%, and 20.0% in December 2009, January 2010, February 2010, and March 2010, respectively. In comparison of monthly data, the seroprevalence values for the first three months exhibited statistically significant differences. As for the age-specific seroprevalence, the individuals aged demic virus.

Fasting capillary blood glucose: an appropriate measurement in screening for diabetes and pre-diabetes in low-resource rural settings

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the efficiency of fasting capillary blood glucose (FCG) measurement as compared with fasting venous plasma glucose (FPG) measurement in screening diabetes and pre-diabetes in low-resource rural settings.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

In 2010, 993 participants were randomly selected from 9 villages in Yunnan province using cluster sampling method. Samples for FCG and FPG test were obtained after demographics and physical examination. The oral glucose tolerance test was performed in parallel as gold standard for diagnosis. Diagnostic capacities of the FCG measurement in predicting undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes were assessed. The performance of FCG and FPG tests was compared.

RESULTS

Fifty-seven individuals with undiagnosed diabetes and 145 subjects with pre-diabetes were detected. The concordance between FCG and FPG levels was high (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for FCG test in predicting diabetes was 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82-0.93] with the optimal cutoff value of 5.65 mmol/l, sensitivity of 84.2%, and specificity of 79.3%. The corresponding values in FPG tests were 0.92 (95% CI 0.88-0.97) (AUC), 6.51 mmol/l (optimal cutoff point), 82.5% (sensitivity) and 98.3% (specificity), respectively. No significant difference was found in the AUC for the two screening strategies.

CONCLUSION

FCG measurement is considered to be a convenient, practicable screening method in low-resource rural communities with acceptable test properties.

WE-D-213AB-03: Preparing for the ABR Diagnostic Medical Physics Board Exams - Oral Exam

Part III (oral exam) is the final part of ABR board exam for Diagnostic Medical Physics. In this exam, each of five oral examiners questions the candidate in each of five question categories. Oral exam has unique challenges to the candidate compared with the written exams. The candidate is expected to have not only adequate knowledge on each aspect of imaging physics, but also extensive clinical experience on different imaging modalities. The candidate needs to demonstrate her/his knowledge and clinical experience by correctly and effectively answering specific questions during the exam. Depending on the response of the candidate to original question, different follow-up questions are usually asked. Therefore, the interaction with examiners plays a critical role in the oral exam. The format and question categories of the oral exam in diagnostic medical physics will be reviewed. Study materials and effective study methods will be discussed. Practical tips on answering questions and interactions with examiners during the oral exam will also be shared.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Understand the format and scope of oral exam. 2. Develop an effective method for exam preparation. 3. Learn how to effectively answer questions and interact with examiners during the exam.

Response to the first wave of pandemic (H1N1) 2009: experiences and lessons learnt from China

More than 2 years after the start of pandemic H1N1, the world is fortunate that the impact, to date, has been moderate. An evaluation of the global response to the first wave of the pandemic is still ongoing. The results of an analysis of the situation in China is presented in order to gain a better understanding of the episode; to summarize the experiences in preparedness, control and mitigation of the pandemic; and to identify issues for further consideration and investigation in order to improve the response to possible next waves of the pandemic. China's response shows how a huge challenge can be transformed into an opportunity, and may offer some valuable lessons to face another wave of the pandemic or other potential public health emergencies in the future, not only for China but also for the international community.

Posterior lumbar interbody fusion using spinous process and laminae

Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is indicated for many patients with pain and/or instability of the lumbar spine. We performed 36 PLIF procedures using the patient's lumbar spinous process and laminae, which were inserted as a bone graft between two vertebral bodies without using a cage. The mean lumbar lordosis and mean disc height to vertebral body ratio were restored and preserved after surgery. There were no serious complications. These results suggest that this procedure is safe and effective.

A systematic-analysis of predicted miR-21 targets identifies a signature for lung cancer

INTRODUCTION

The well-known oncomiR-miR-21 was previously reported oncogenic activity in lung cancer. We sought to determine the expression of all predicted target genes of miR-21 and their potential function, pathways and networks, which are involved in the biological behavior of lung cancer.

METHODS

After a systematic review of English language studies of lung cancer-related molecules were pooled; genes were classified in three functional groups by gene ontology (GO) analysis. The key molecules were indentified by establishing lung cancer related networks and pathways. MiR-21 targets were predicted by computational method, followed by screening for matched gene symbols in NCBI human sequences and GO, pathway and network analysis. MiR-21 targets and their network, which are involved in the malignant mechanisms of lung cancer, were obtained by the final integrative analysis.

RESULT

We indentified the potential functions, pathways and networks of lung cancer relating molecules and miR-21 targets respectively in the initial analysis. In the final integrative analysis of lung cancer related miR-21-targets analysis, 24 hub genes were identified by overlap calculation, suggesting that miR-21 may play an important role in the development and progression of lung cancer through JAK/STAT signal pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, cell cycle, PPAR signaling pathway, apoptosis pathway and other pathways.

CONCLUSION

Our data may help researchers to predict the molecular mechanisms of miR-21 in the development and progression of lung cancer comprehensively. Moreover, the present data indicate that miR-21-targets may be a series of promising candidates as biomarkers for lung cancer.

Enhanced antitumor activity of epirubicin combined with cerulenin in osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant neoplasm in children and adolescents. Epirubicin is one of the chemotherapeutic agents currently used for the treatment of OS; however, the efficacy of chemotherapy is hampered by the acquired drug resistance of OS. Cerulenin, an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase, has been defined as a candidate tumor suppressor. In this study, we explored the combined effect of cerulenin plus the chemotherapy drug, epirubicin, on human OS U2-OS cells in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that cerulenin plus epirubicin induced synergistic growth inhibition and enhanced apoptosis in U2-OS cells. We also demonstrated that cerulenin plus epirubicin synergistically suppressed tumor growth in subcutaneously xenografted U2-OS cells in athymic nude mice. Our results indicate that cerulenin enhances the anti-OS effects of epirubicin in vivo and in vitro.