76
|
Matsuda K, Nomoto H, Kawamura Y, Someya Y, Koiwa M, Taniyama H. Hemophagocytic Histiocytic Sarcoma in a Japanese Black Cow. Vet Pathol 2009; 47:339-42. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985809358428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
At necropsy, an 11-year-old Japanese Black cow with anemia, leukocytopenia, and progressive hind limb ataxia had marked diffuse splenomegaly and multiple masses in the thoracic vertebrae. Histologically, neoplastic erythrophagocytic histiocytes were in the splenic red pulp, vertebral masses, and blood vessels of the liver and lungs. The spinal cord was compressed by the vertebral masses. Clinicopathological, macroscopic, and histologic findings were consistent with hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma. Vertebral involvement with spinal cord compression and resultant hind limb ataxia is an unusual presentation for this tumor, which has been described mainly in dogs and cats.
Collapse
|
77
|
Matsuda K, Qiu Y, Furuse T, Kawamura Y, Yokoyama D, Kato A, Taniyama H. Bronchogenic and Esophageal Cyst With Laryngeal Malformations in a Thoroughbred Foal. Vet Pathol 2009; 47:351-3. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985809359319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This report documents an unusual case of congenital foregut cyst with dysphagia and stridor in a Thoroughbred foal. Histologically, the bilocular cyst, near the junction of larynx and trachea, had an epithelial lining of bronchogenic and esophageal origin. Concomitant malformation of the laryngeal muscles and cartilage resulted in a combination of anomalies that have not been reported in the human or veterinary literature.
Collapse
|
78
|
Noguchi Y, Hirabayashi T, Katori S, Kawamura Y, Sanbo M, Hirabayashi M, Kiyonari H, Nakao K, Uchimura A, Yagi T. Total expression and dual gene-regulatory mechanisms maintained in deletions and duplications of the Pcdha cluster. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:32002-14. [PMID: 19797050 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.046938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered protocadherin-alpha (Pcdha) genes, which are expressed in the vertebrate brain, encode diverse membrane proteins whose functions are involved in axonal projection and in learning and memory. The Pcdha cluster consists of 14 tandemly arranged genes (Pcdha1-Pcdha12, Pcdhac1, and Pcdhac2, from 5' to 3'). Each first exon (the variable exons) is transcribed from its own promoter, and spliced to the constant exons, which are common to all the Pcdha genes. Cerebellar Purkinje cells show dual expression patterns for Pcdha. In individual Purkinje cells, different sets of the 5' genes in the cluster, Pcdha1-12, are randomly expressed, whereas both 3' genes, Pcdhac1 and Pcdhac2, are expressed constitutively. To elucidate the relationship between the genomic structure of the Pcdha cluster and their expression in Purkinje cells, we deleted or duplicated multiple variable exons and analyzed the expression of Pcdha genes in the mouse brain. In all mutant mice, transcript levels of the constant exons and the dual expression patterns were maintained. In the deletion mutants, the missing genes were flexibly compensated by the remaining variable exons. On the other hand, in duplication mutants, the levels of the duplicated genes were trimmed. These results indicate that the Pcdha genes are comprehensively regulated as a cluster unit, and that the regulators that randomly and constitutively drive Pcdha gene expression are intact in the deleted or duplicated mutant alleles. These dual regulatory mechanisms may play important roles in the diversity and fundamental functions of neurons.
Collapse
|
79
|
Sankaranarayanan R, James MA, Burtchaell S, Holloway R, Hoyt RH, Mchenry B, Fedewa MM, Penot JP, Jacquot C, Bonet JF, Pochet H, Jean S, Fressonnet R, Penot MP, Weiss A, Abecasis JA, Leal S, Monge J, Fartouce S, Santos JM, Silva A, Costa R, Leao MIP, Mori RF, Giannini G, Costa SPL, Silva KR, Penteado IM, Palka P, Lange A, Donnelly JE, Adsett M, Hayes JR, Stafford WJ, Hirayama Y, Kawamura Y, Sato N, Saito T, Hotta D, Kikuchi K, Ohori K, Hasebe N, Cabrera Bueno F, Alzueta J, Fernandez-Pastor J, Pena-Hernandez JL, Molina-Mora MJ, Barrera A, De Teresa E, Ayala Paredes F, Roux JF, Scazzuso F, Lavallee L, Poirier M, Chaumont J, Iorgulescu C, Vasile A, Dorobantu M, Vatasescu RG, Lefflerova K, Lupinek P, Bytesnik J, Cihak R, Krausova R, Vancura V, Kautzner J, Blich M, Suleiman M, Zeidan Shwiri T, Marai I, Boulos M, Amikam S, Lilli A, Magnacca M, Svetlich C, D'addario S, Baratto MT, Ghidini Ottonelli A, Savino K, Casolo G, Wolber T, On C, Binggeli C, Holzmeister J, Brunckhorst C, Duru F. Poster Session 2: Results (pacing), indications (pacing). Europace 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euq204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
80
|
Koketsu S, Watanabe T, Minami M, Kitayama J, Kawamura Y, Nagawa H. Preoperative evaluation of enterovesical fistula using magnetic resonance imaging: case report. HEPATO-GASTROENTEROLOGY 2009; 56:696-698. [PMID: 19621683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of sigmoido-vesical fistula due to sigmoid diverticulitis. Magnetic resonance imaging enabled us to visualize the fistula itself in the bladder wall. Magnetic resonance imaging was highly effective in making a precise diagnosis and also provided important additional information for the preoperative work-up of the patient.
Collapse
|
81
|
Kawamura Y, Yokota Y, Nogata F. Estimation of carotid diameter with heartbeat on longitudinal B-mode ultrasonic images. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2008:3142-5. [PMID: 19163373 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4649870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Arteriosclerosis, i.e. degrading arterial elasticity, causes cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction. Premonition of arteriosclerosis is important because arteriosclerosis is never cured completely. We therefore propose a method to track the carotid diameter to evaluate the initial carotid elasticity accompanied with a person's heartbeat using the longitudinal B-mode ultrasonic images. If the diameter of carotid artery can be accurately estimated, it is possible to implies for initial inference of the presence of arteriosclerosis. In future studies, it has to be assessed with comparisons to anaother established method.
Collapse
|
82
|
Katori S, Noguchi Y, Hirabayashi T, Kawamura Y, Yagi T. Analysis of protocadherin-α isoforms in serotonergic neurons. Neurosci Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
83
|
Mutsuga M, Kawamura Y, Tanamoto K. Migration of lactic acid, lactide and oligomers from polylactide food-contact materials. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008; 25:1283-90. [PMID: 18608493 DOI: 10.1080/02652030802017529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) is used for manufacturing lunch boxes and for packaging fresh food in Japan. PLA can be hydrolysed relatively easily to produce lactic acid, lactide and oligomers. Different types of PLA sheet were subjected to migration tests under various conditions and the lactic acid, lactide and oligomers contents of the migration solutions were determined using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Furthermore, the change in molecular weight was determined by a migration test. PLA was stable at 40 degrees C for 180 days; the total of lactic acid, lactide and oligomers migration levels were 0.28-15.00 microg cm(-2). PLA decomposed clearly at 60 degrees C for only 10 days, the total migration levels were increased to 0.73-2840 microg cm(-2). PLA sheets with a high D-lactic acid content decomposed particularly rapidly. The amounts of alkali decomposition products, based on the conversion of lactide and oligomers to lactic acid by alkali hydrolysis, corresponded with the total migration levels.
Collapse
|
84
|
Yamanishi T, Hayashi T, Shu W, Kawamura Y, Nakamura H, Iwai Y, Kobayashi K, Isobe K, Arita T, Hoshi S, Suzuki T, Yamada M. Recent results of R&D activities on tritium technologies for ITER and fusion reactors at TPL of JAEA. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
85
|
Kumada Y, Aoyama T, Ishii H, Tanaka M, Kawamura Y, Takahashi H, Toriyama T, Aoyama T, Yuzawa Y, Maruyama S, Matsuo S, Murohara T. Long-term outcome of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in chronic haemodialysis patients with peripheral arterial disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:3996-4001. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
86
|
Kobayashi A, Yamamoto H, Matsuoka K, Ito H, Yamamoto I, Kawamura Y, Tanno Y, Yaginuma T, Mitome J, Hayakawa H, Miyazaki Y, Utsunomiya Y, Yamaguchi Y, Hosoya T. Effects of anti-hypertensive treatment on graft function and proteinuria in a kidney transplant from an elderly hypertensive donor. Clin Transplant 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2008.00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
87
|
Kawamura Y, Yokota Y, Nogata F. Propagation route estimation of heart sound through simultaneous multi-site recording on the chest wall. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 2007:2875-8. [PMID: 18002595 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4352929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
While vibration source of the heart sound has been well-studied, the propagation route of the heart sound on the chest wall has not been clarified. In this study, we first measured the heat sound simultaneously at 64 positions on the chest wall of healthy subjects using 64 small accelerometers. We next calculated the delay times in the vibration propagation between all possible pair of neighboring positions. We proposed the estimation method for the propagation route of heart sound vibration on the chest wall by solving the shortest path problem in the graph-network theory only using such neighboring delay times. Applying to the recorded heart sound signals, we can obtain the estimated propagation route originated at the cardiac apex for the first heart sound, and that originated at aortic valve for the second heart sound.
Collapse
|
88
|
Kawaguchi M, Toyama T, Kaneko R, Hirayama T, Kawamura Y, Yagi T. Relationship between DNA methylation states and transcription of individual isoforms encoded by the protocadherin-alpha gene cluster. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:12064-75. [PMID: 18204046 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709648200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The protocadherin-alpha (Pcdh-alpha) gene encodes diverse transmembrane proteins that are differentially expressed in individual neurons in the vertebrate central nervous system. The Pcdh-alpha genomic structure contains variable first exons, each regulated by its own promoter. Here, we investigated the effect of DNA methylation on gene regulation in the Pcdh-alpha gene cluster. We studied two mouse cell lines, C1300 and M3, that expressed different combinations of Pcdh-alpha isoforms and found that 1) the transcription of specific Pcdh-alpha isoforms correlated significantly with the methylation state of the promoter and the 5' (but not the 3') region of the first exon and 2) mosaic or mixed methylation states of the promoters were associated with both active and inactive transcription. Demethylation of C1300 cells up-regulated all of the Pcdh-alpha isoforms, and, in a promoter assay, hypermethylation of the promoters repressed their transcriptional activity. Cell lines subcloned from the demethylated C1300 cells transcribed different combinations of Pcdh-alpha isoforms than the parental, nondemethylated cells, and the promoters showed differential mosaic or mixed methylation patterns. In vivo, the promoter and 5'-regions of the Pcdh-alphaC1 and alphaC2 exons, which are transcribed in all neurons, were extensively hypomethylated. In contrast, the promoters of the Pcdh-alpha1 to -alpha12 isoforms, which are transcribed differentially by individual Purkinje cells, exhibited mosaic methylation patterns. Overall, our results demonstrated that mosaic or mixed DNA methylation states in the promoter and 5'-region of the first exon may help regulate differential Pcdh-alpha transcription and that hypermethylation is sufficient to repress transcription.
Collapse
|
89
|
Todani M, Ryosuke T, Kaneko T, Kawamura Y, Kasaoka S, Maekawa T. Factors of hospitalization for mild heat illness. Crit Care 2008. [PMCID: PMC4088725 DOI: 10.1186/cc6575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
90
|
Katayama K, Mori T, Kawahara S, Miake K, Kodama Y, Sugiyama M, Kawamura Y, Nakayama T, Maruyama M, Muguruma M. Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptide Derived from Porcine Skeletal Muscle Myosin and Its Antihypertensive Activity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Food Sci 2007; 72:S702-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
91
|
Yamasaki H, Kawamura Y, Tokunaga M, Matsuo T, Oki T. 382: Successful Laparoscopic Myomectomy of Vascular Leiomyoma With Neuroendocrine Differentiation. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2007.08.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
92
|
Tanno Y, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto I, Yaginuma T, Mitome J, Kawamura Y, Miyazaki Y, Yokoyama K, Utsunomiya Y, Yamaguchi Y, Hosoya T. Recurrence of Henoch?Sch�nlein purpura nephritis superimposed on severe pre-eclampsia in a kidney transplant patient. Clin Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2007.00716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
93
|
Yokoyama K, Yoshida H, Kato J, IIda R, Kawamura Y, Yamamoto H, Hosoya T. The low-calcium concentration of dialysate induced markedly an increase of serum parathyroid hormone in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient. Kidney Int 2007. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
94
|
Yokota Y, Kawamura Y, Kameya Y. Callosal Shapes at the Midsagittal Plane: MRI Differences of Normal Males, Normal Females, and GID. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2005:3055-8. [PMID: 17282888 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1617119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated differences in corpus callosum shape at the midsagittal plane using MRI for different subjects: normal males, normal females, and subjects with gender identity disorder (GID). We first represented callosal shapes with Fourier descriptors of callosal contours. Using linear support vector machines with soft-margin, we next determined a hyperplane that separates normal males and females most optimally in the vector space spanned by Fourier descriptors. We then proposed a measure that has prominent sex difference: it is defined as the coordinate of a given callosal shape on the subspace orthogonal to the obtained hyperplane. Use of the measure provides discrimination of someone's sex with 74.17% accuracy. We further showed that the value of the measure for GID more strongly reflects their mental sex, i.e. gender, than their physical sex.
Collapse
|
95
|
Noguchi Y, Kawamura Y, Hirabayashi T, Uchimura A, Kawaguchi M, Katori S, Hirayama T, Yagi T. Exchange of genome structure in Protocadherin-α gene cluster alters their neuronal expression pattern. Neurosci Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2007.06.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
96
|
Bend J, Bolger M, Knaap AGAC, Kuznesof PM, Larsen JC, Mattia A, Meylan I, Pitt JI, Resnik S, Schlatter J, Vavasour E, Rao MV, Verger P, Walker R, Wallin H, Whitehouse B, Abbott PJ, Adegoke G, Baan R, Baines J, Barlow S, Benford D, Bruno A, Charrondiere R, Chen J, Choi M, DiNovi M, Fisher CE, Iseki N, Kawamura Y, Konishi Y, Lawrie S, Leblanc JC, Leclercq C, Lee HM, Moy G, Munro IC, Nishikawa A, Olempska-Beer Z, de Peuter G, Pronk MEJ, Renwick AG, Sheffer M, Sipes IG, Tritscher A, Soares LV, Wennberg A, Williams GM. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES 2007:1-225, back cover. [PMID: 18551832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This report represents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives, including flavouring agents, with a view to recommending acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) and to preparing specifications for identity and purity. The Committee also evaluated the risk posed by two food contaminants, with the aim of advising on risk management options for the purpose of public health protection. The first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation and assessment of intake of food additives (in particular flavouring agents) and contaminants. A summary follows of the Committee's evaluations of technical, toxicological and intake data for certain food additives (acidified sodium chlorite, asparaginase from Aspergillus oryzae expressed in Aspergillus oryzae, carrageenan and processed Eucheuma seaweed, cyclotetraglucose and cyclotetraglucose syrup, isoamylase from Pseudomonas amyloderamosa, magnesium sulfate, phospholipase A1 from Fusarium venenatum expressed in Aspergillus oryzae, sodium iron(III) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and steviol glycosides); eight groups of related flavouring agents (linear and branched-chain aliphatic, unsaturated, unconjugated alcohols, aldehydes, acids and related esters; aliphatic acyclic and alicyclic terpenoid tertiary alcohols and structurally related substances; simple aliphatic and aromatic sulfides and thiols; aliphatic acyclic dials, trials and related substances; aliphatic acetals; sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds; aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides; and aliphatic alicyclic linear alpha, beta -unsaturated di- and trienals and related alcohols, acids and esters); and two food contaminants (aflatoxin and ochratoxin A). Specifications for the following food additives were revised: maltol and ethyl maltol, nisin preparation, pectins, polyvinyl alcohol, and sucrose esters of fatty acids. Specifications for the following flavouring agents were revised: maltol and ethyl maltol, maltyl isobutyrate, 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran and 2,4,5-trimethyl-delta-oxazoline (Nos 1482, 1506 and 1559), and monomenthyl glutarate (No. 1414), as well as the method of assay for the sodium salts of certain flavouring agents. Annexed to the report are tables summarizing the Committee's recommendations for intakes and toxicological evaluations of the food additives and contaminants considered.
Collapse
|
97
|
Abstract
This protocol details a method for analyzing the expression of multiple genes from a single Purkinje neuron, including the determination of whether the gene expression is monoallelic or biallelic. The protocol describes how to extract a single, living Purkinje cell for reverse transcription, divide the cDNAs into three equal samples and subject those to triplicate amplification of multiple targets by two rounds of PCR (first a multiplex PCR then a gene-specific nested PCR) and finally discriminate the allelic expression of the transcript by direct sequencing of the PCR products. In optimal conditions, this method permits the analysis of the expression of 18 genes in a single Purkinje cell. This protocol can be completed in 5-6 d.
Collapse
|
98
|
Kaneko R, Kato H, Kawamura Y, Esumi S, Hirayama T, Hirabayashi T, Yagi T. Allelic gene regulation of Pcdh-alpha and Pcdh-gamma clusters involving both monoallelic and biallelic expression in single Purkinje cells. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:30551-60. [PMID: 16893882 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605677200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis for providing the identity and diversity of single neurons is a key for realizing the brain system. Diverse protocadherin isoforms encoded by the Pcdh-alpha and Pcdh-gamma gene clusters are expressed in all of the vertebrates studied. For the Pcdh-alpha isoforms, differential expression patterns have been found in single Purkinje cells by unusual monoallelic and combinatorial types of gene regulation. Here we investigated total allelic gene regulation in the Pcdh-alpha and -gamma clusters, including the C-type variable exons (C1 to C5) and the Pcdh-gammaA and -gammaB variable exons in single Purkinje cells. Using split single-cell reverse transcription-PCR analysis, almost all of the Purkinje cells at postnatal day 21 biallelically expressed all the C-type isoforms, whereas the Pcdh-alpha isoforms showed both monoallelic and combinatorial expression. The Pcdh-gammaA and -gammaB isoforms also showed differential regulation in each cell with both monoallelic and combinatorial gene regulation. These data indicated that different types of allelic gene regulation (monoallelic versus biallelic) occurred in the Pcdh-alpha and -gamma clusters, although they were spliced into the same constant exons. It has been reported that each C-type Pcdh-alpha or -gamma transcript has a different expression pattern during brain development, suggesting that the different C-type variable exons may code temporal diversity, although the Pcdh-alpha, -gammaA, and -gammaB isoforms were differential and combinatorial gene regulation within a single cell. Thus, the multiple gene regulations in the Pcdh-alpha and -gamma clusters had a potential mechanism for increasing the diversity of individual neurons in the brain.
Collapse
|
99
|
Ohno H, Kawamura Y. Analysis of vinylidene chloride and 1-chlorobutane in foods packaged with polyvinylidene chloride casing films by headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:839-44. [PMID: 16807210 DOI: 10.1080/02652030600699346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of vinylidene chloride and 1-chlorobutane in foods packaged with polyvinylidene chloride casing films. The solid foodstuff was homogenized with an equal mass of distilled water. The homogenate was incubated for 1 h at 90 degrees C in a sealed headspace vial, and the headspace gas was then analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in selected ion-monitoring mode using a bonded porous polymer-coated capillary column. The recovery rates of vinylidene chloride and 1-chlorobutane in foodstuffs were 94.5-103.9 and 85.8-120.3%, respectively. Among 13 samples tested, vinylidene chloride was detected at 0.001-0.020 microg g(-1) in 11 foodstuffs, and 1-chlorobutane was detected at 0.004-0.040 microg g(-1) in all 13 foodstuffs. Furthermore, vinylidene chloride was detected at 0.04 microg g(-1) in one casing film, and 1-chlorobutane was detected in all casing films. The results indicate that these compounds migrated from the casing films into the foodstuffs.
Collapse
|
100
|
Nishio S, Ohmori J, Kuroda T, Tobita K, Enoeda M, Tsuru D, Hirose T, Sato S, Kawamura Y, Nakamura H, Sato M. Consideration on blanket structure for fusion DEMO plant at JAERI. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|