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Do JE, Kim YC. Capecitabine-induced diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma: is it a sequential event of hand-foot syndrome? Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 32:519-21. [PMID: 17509060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Capecitabine was developed as a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (FU), with the goal of improving tolerability and intratumour drug concentrations through tumour-specific conversion to the active drug against numerous types of neoplasms. The most frequent adverse cutaneous reaction associated with capecitabine is hand foot syndrome (HFS), presented with symmetrical erythema, dysaesthesia, and desquamation on the palms and soles. Acquired palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) can occur in various dermatoses associated with metabolic abnormalities, malignancies, and toxic agents. However, there has been no report of PPK after capecitabine chemotherapy. We report two cases of diffuse PPK, which developed in patients with metastatic breast cancer after one cycle of capecitabine chemotherapy. Because oral capecitabine is increasingly used for various solid tumours, clinicians should be aware that keratoderma can develop during capecitabine chemotherapy as a sequential event of HFS.
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Kim HJ, Nam HS, Anderson AJ, Yang KY, Cho BH, Kim YC. Mutation in the edd gene encoding the 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase of Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 impairs root colonization and is correlated with reduced induction of systemic resistance. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 44:56-61. [PMID: 17209815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.02029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The primary objective of this study was to determine the role of 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase in root colonization and the induction of systemic resistance by the rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6. METHODS AND RESULTS The edd gene encoding for 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase, which is one of the key enzymes in glucose utilization, was cloned. Transcription of the gene was higher in medium containing sugars than with organic acids. An edd mutant failed to grow on glucose but grew on organic acids. The edd mutant colonized tobacco roots at wild-type levels early after inoculation, but levels were lower by 12 days. The edd mutant failed to induce the systemic resistance in tobacco to a soft-rot pathogen at wild-type level. CONCLUSIONS 6-Phosphogluconate dehydratase in P. chlororaphis O6 contributes to root colonization and induction of systemic resistance presumably as the consequence of its essential role in the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Metabolism of sugars through the ED pathway in P. chlororaphis O6 may be important because it facilitates the production of inducers of systemic resistance including butanediol.
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Kim HJ, Yang KY, Cho BH, Kim KY, Lee MC, Kim YH, Anderson AJ, Kim YC. Transcript accumulation from the rpoS gene encoding a stationary-phase sigma factor in Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain O6 is regulated by the polyphosphate kinase gene. Curr Microbiol 2007; 54:219-23. [PMID: 17294328 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-006-0361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphate levels are modulated by the actions of polyphosphate kinase, encoded by ppk, and exopolyphosphatase, encoded by ppx. The genes ppk and ppx are adjacent to each other in the genome of the root colonizer, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6. A ppk-deficient mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress than the wild-type and the ppx mutant. Transcripts from ppx increased as cultures matured from mid- to late-logarithmic and stationary phases, whereas abundance was greater for ppk in the late-logarithmic phase than in the stationary phase. Transcript accumulation from the rpoS gene, encoding the stationary-phase sigma factor RpoS, was decreased in the mid- and late-logarithmic and stationary phases in the ppk mutant. Thus, ppk regulates rpoS transcript accumulation in P. chlororaphis 06. However, mutations in either the ppk or ppx genes had no effect on induction of systemic resistance in plants colonized by P. chlororaphis O6.
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Kim JY, Kim YC. Trichoblastoma and syringocystadenoma papilliferum arising in naevus sebaceous in a 4-year-old boy. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 32:218-9. [PMID: 17342802 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2006.02321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Aronova MA, Kim YC, Zhang G, Leapman RD. Quantification and thickness correction of EFTEM phosphorus maps. Ultramicroscopy 2007; 107:232-44. [PMID: 16979822 PMCID: PMC1829311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Revised: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method for correcting plural inelastic scattering effects in elemental maps that are acquired in the energy filtering transmission electron microscope (EFTEM) using just two energy windows, one above and one below a core edge in the electron energy loss spectrum (EELS). The technique is demonstrated for mapping low concentrations of phosphorus in biological samples. First, the single-scattering EELS distributions are obtained from specimens of pure carbon and plastic embedding material. Then, spectra are calculated for different specimen thicknesses t, expressed in units of the inelastic mean free path lambda. In this way, standard curves are generated for the ratio k0 of post-edge to pre-edge intensities at the phosphorus L2,3 excitation energy, as a function of relative specimen thickness t/lambda. Thickness effects in a two-window phosphorus map are corrected by successive acquisition of zero-loss and unfiltered images, from which it is possible to determine a t/lambda image and hence a background k0-ratio image. Knowledge of the thickness-dependent k0-ratio at each pixel thus enables a more accurate determination of the phosphorus distribution in the specimen. Systematic and statistical errors are calculated as a function of specimen thickness, and elemental maps are quantified in terms of the number of phosphorus atoms per pixel. Further analysis of the k0-curve shows that the EFTEM can be used to obtain reliable two-window phosphorus maps from specimens that are considerably thicker than previously possible.
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Kim DY, Park SG, Lee JH, Kim YC, Lee KH. A case of cutaneous ciliated cyst on the umbilicus mimicking omphalomesenteric duct cyst and urachal cyst. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007; 20:1161-2. [PMID: 16987293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Koo KA, Lee MK, Kim SH, Jeong EJ, Kim SY, Oh TH, Kim YC. Pinusolide and 15-methoxypinusolidic acid attenuate the neurotoxic effect of staurosporine in primary cultures of rat cortical cells. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150:65-71. [PMID: 17143305 PMCID: PMC2013848 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Apoptosis is a fundamental process required for neuronal development but also occurs in most of the common neurodegenerative disorders. In an attempt to obtain an anti-apoptotic neuroprotective compound from natural products, we isolated the diterpenoids, pinusolide and 15-MPA, from B. orientalis and investigated their neuroprotective activity against staurosporine (STS) -induced neuronal apoptosis. In addition, we determined the anti-apoptotic mechanism of these compounds in rat cortical cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Primary cultures of rat cortical cells injured by STS were used as an in vitro assay system. Cells were pretreated with pinusolide or 15-MPA before exposure to STS. Anti-apoptotic activities were evaluated by the measurement of cytoplasmic condensation and nuclear fragmentation. The levels of cellular peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA) and [Ca(2+)]i, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and caspase-3/7, were measured. KEY RESULTS Pinusolide and 15-MPA, at a concentration of 5.0 ìM, reduced the condensed nuclei and rise in [Ca(2+)]i that accompanies apoptosis induced by 100 nM STS. Pinusolide and 15-MPA also protected the cellular activity of SOD, an antioxidative enzyme reduced by STS insult. Furthermore, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation induced by STS was significantly reduced in pinusolide and 15-MPA treated cells. In addition, pinusolide and 15-MPA inhibited STS-induced caspase-3/7 activation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results show that pinusolide and 15-MPA protect neuronal cells from STS-induced apoptosis, probably by preventing the increase in [Ca(2+)]i and cellular oxidation caused by STS, and indicate that they could be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Sun JB, Huang X, Xu HY, Li XL, Gao L, Kim YC, Xu WX. Inhibitory effect of C-type natriuretic peptide on L-type calcium channel currents in gastric antral myocytes of guinea pigs. Gen Physiol Biophys 2006; 25:365-77. [PMID: 17356230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in the gastrointestinal tract is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effect of CNP on barium current (I(Ba)) through the L-type calcium channel in gastric antral myocytes of guinea pigs. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was performed in gastric antral myocytes isolated by collagenase in guinea pigs. CNP significantly inhibited I(Ba) in a dose-dependent manner at the concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 micromol/l, CNP inhibited I(Ba) to 81.56 +/- 2.48 %, 73.64 +/- 3.65 %, and 57.77 +/- 4.93 % of control at 0 mV, respectively. The values of steady-state half-inactivation voltage (33.6 +/- 2.6 mV and 33.8 +/- 3.4 mV, in control and CNP groups, respectively) or the half-activation voltage (-12.6 +/- 2.2 mV and 12.4 +/- 1.8 mV) of I(Ba) were not significantly changed (p > 0.05, n = 6). 8-br-cGMP (1 mmol/l) mimicked the effect of CNP on I(Ba), and the peak current of I(Ba) was inhibited from -403.84 +/- 61.87 pA to 318.94 +/- 67.17 pA (p < 0.05, n = 5). In the presence of LY83583 (0.1 micromol/l), a nonspecific inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, CNP (0.1 micromol/l)-induced inhibition of I(Ba) was partially blocked (n = 13, p < 0.05 ). However, when the cell was pretreated with zaprinast (0.1 micromol/l), an inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) sensitive phosphoesterase, the inhibitory effect of CNP on I(Ba) was significantly potentiated (n = 11, p < 0.05). KT5823 (1 micromol/l), a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor, almost completely blocked CNP-induced inhibition of I(Ba). The results suggested that CNP can inhibit L-type calcium channel currents, and the inhibitory effect is mediated by pGC-cGMP-PKG-dependent signal pathway in gastric antral myocytes of guinea pigs.
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Lee SY, Kim YC. Effect of β-alanine administration on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatotoxicity. Amino Acids 2006; 33:543-6. [PMID: 17086479 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mice were supplemented with beta-alanine (3%) in drinking water for one week. beta-Alanine intake reduced hepatic taurine levels, but elevated cysteine levels significantly. Hepatotoxicity of CCl4 in mice fed with beta-alanine was decreased as determined by changes in serum enzyme activities. Hepatic glutathione and taurine concentrations after CCl4 challenge were increased markedly by beta-alanine intake. The enhanced availability of cysteine for synthesis of glutathione and/or taurine appears to account for the hepatoprotective effects of beta-alanine against CCl4-induced liver injury.
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Nakajima M, Shimada A, Takashi Y, Kim YC, Park SH, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Suzuki H, Katoh E, Iuchi S, Kobayashi M, Maeda T, Matsuoka M, Yamaguchi I. Identification and characterization of Arabidopsis gibberellin receptors. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 46:880-9. [PMID: 16709201 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Three gibberellin (GA) receptor genes (AtGID1a, AtGID1b and AtGID1c), each an ortholog of the rice GA receptor gene (OsGID1), were cloned from Arabidopsis, and the characteristics of their recombinant proteins were examined. The GA-binding activities of the three recombinant proteins were confirmed by an in vitro assay. Biochemical analyses revealed similar ligand selectivity among the recombinants, and all recombinants showed higher affinity to GA(4) than to other GAs. AtGID1b was unique in its binding affinity to GA(4) and in its pH dependence when compared with the other two, by only showing binding in a narrow pH range (pH 6.4-7.5) with 10-fold higher affinity (apparent K(d) for GA(4) = 3 x 10(-8) m) than AtGID1a and AtGID1c. A two-hybrid yeast system only showed in vivo interaction in the presence of GA(4) between each AtGID1 and the Arabidopsis DELLA proteins (AtDELLAs), negative regulators of GA signaling. For this interaction with AtDELLAs, AtGID1b required only one-tenth of the amount of GA(4) that was necessary for interaction between the other AtGID1s and AtDELLAs, reflecting its lower K(d) value. AtDELLA boosted the GA-binding activity of AtGID1 in vitro, which suggests the formation of a complex between AtDELLA and AtGID1-GA that binds AtGID1 to GA more tightly. The expression of each AtGID1 clone in the rice gid1-1 mutant rescued the GA-insensitive dwarf phenotype. These results demonstrate that all three AtGID1s functioned as GA receptors in Arabidopsis.
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Lee PB, Kim YC, Lim YJ, Lee CJ, Sim WS, Ha CW, Bin SI, Lim KB, Choi SS, Lee SC. Comparison between high and low molecular weight hyaluronates in knee osteoarthritis patients: open-label, randomized, multicentre clinical trial. J Int Med Res 2006; 34:77-87. [PMID: 16604827 DOI: 10.1177/147323000603400110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficacy and safety of high and low molecular weight hyaluronates in knee osteoarthritis patients were compared in a randomized, open-label trial. Patients in the high molecular weight hyaluronate group were treated once weekly for 3 weeks and in the low molecular weight group once weekly for 5 weeks. We evaluated weight-bearing pain, degree of flexion, swelling and knee tenderness; frequency and amount of rescue medication; patient and investigator global assessment of pain, and safety over 12 weeks after final injection of study medication. Significant improvements in pain and WOMAC-Likert scores were observed in both groups, but not between groups. Knee joint pain improvement was noted in both groups by patients and investigators during follow-up. Close correlation was observed between patient- and investigator-reported data. There was no significant difference in side-effects between the groups. In conclusion, the efficacy and safety of high and low molecular weight hyaluronate are similar.
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Park SS, Kim JE, Kim YA, Kim YC, Kim SW. Caveolin-1 is down-regulated and inversely correlated with HER2 and EGFR expression status in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Histopathology 2006; 47:625-30. [PMID: 16324201 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the caveolin-1 status of invasive ductal carcinoma and its correlation with other important parameters of breast carcinogenesis. Caveolin-1, the main structural protein of caveolae, is involved in the regulation of several intracellular signalling pathways and also functions as a tumour suppressor in breast carcinogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and thirty cases of invasive ductal carcinomas with matched normal breast tissue were evaluated immunohistochemically for caveolin-1 expression. Using a tissue microarray, caveolin-1 expression was also correlated with the expression of other antigens such as eostrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2, beta-catenin, E-cadherin, p53, Ki67 and with clinicopathological parameters. Immunohistochemical results showed strong expression of caveolin-1 in all normal breast epithelial cells, but a reduction of caveolin-1 expression in 56 cases (43.1%) of invasive ductal carcinoma. Furthermore, a statistically significant inverse correlation between caveolin-1 and EGFR and HER2 was noted (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a reduction in caveolin-1 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, which supports in vitro studies of its role as a tumour suppressor. Caveolin-1 also shows an inverse correlation with EGFR and HER2, which fits with its function as a negative regulator of signal transduction.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Cadherins/analysis
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Caveolin 1/analysis
- Caveolin 1/genetics
- Caveolin 1/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- ErbB Receptors/analysis
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Female
- Genes, erbB-1
- Genes, erbB-2
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Microarray Analysis
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- beta Catenin/analysis
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Jeon YT, Jeon YS, Kim YC, Bahk JH, Do SH, Lim YJ. Intrathecal clonidine does not reduce post-spinal shivering. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005; 49:1509-13. [PMID: 16223398 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After general or epidural anesthesia, clonidine is known to be effective in suppressing established shivering. The aim of this study was to assess the preventive effect of intrathecal clonidine on post-spinal shivering compared with intravenous (i.v.) clonidine. METHODS One hundred and fifty patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery were randomly allocated into three groups to receive either 1 microg/kg clonidine i.v. (IV group) or the same volume of isotonic saline (control and IT groups) at 5 min before spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia was performed with 12-15 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% plus either 1 ml of saline (control and IV groups) or 150 microg clonidine (IT group). Shivering was evaluated for a period of 90 min and graded as none, mild, moderate, and severe. RESULTS Twenty patients (40%) in the control group and 17 patients (34%) in the IT group showed shivering compared with four (8%) in the IV group. Patients with moderate-to-severe shivering were only seen in the control and IT group, and the maximal intensity of shivering was not different between the two groups. Patients in the IV group were significantly more sedated than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS The intrathecal administration of clonidine 150 microg fails to prevent post-spinal shivering; by contrast, we have confirmed that i.v. clonidine 1 microg/kg is an effective method to prevent shivering in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for orthopedic surgery.
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Kim YC, Nakajima M, Nakayama A, Yamaguchi I. Contribution of gibberellins to the formation of Arabidopsis seed coat through starch degradation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 46:1317-25. [PMID: 16143596 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pci141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the role of gibberellins in the seed development of Arabidopsis, we investigated the sites where gibberellins are synthesized and induce alpha-amylase genes. The spatial and temporal expression of the genes encoding gibberellin biosynthetic enzymes and alpha-amylases was examined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. The mRNAs of AtGA20ox2, AtGA20ox3 and AtGA3ox4 began to be detectable 5-7 d after pollination. In situ hybridization showed that these genes were expressed almost simultaneously around starch granules in the outer integument, preceding the disappearance of those granules. AtGA20ox2 and AtGA3ox4 but not AtGA20ox3 also showed their signals at the rim of the developing embryo. The alpha-amylase gene, Amy3, which responded to gibberellin, was mainly expressed in the developing seed, spatially overlapping with the expression of AtGA20ox2 and AtGA3ox4. These results suggest that gibberellins function in at least two sites of the seed: the outer integument and part of the embryo. We examined the phenotypes of a T-DNA insertion line of AtGA3ox4 and observed the following: (i) a decrease of alpha-amylase gene transcripts in young siliques; (ii) delay of starch degradation in the outer integument; (iii) disarrangement of the seed surface structure; and (iv) abnormal swelling pattern of polysaccharides after imbibition by the mature seed. These characteristics are phenotypes of plants under gibberellin starvation, because the abnormalities could be almost overcome with applied gibberellin, and the gibberellin-treated mutant was indistinguishable from the wild type. These results strongly suggest that gibberellins in the outer integument would be required for the normal formation of the Arabidopsis seed coat.
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Kuk JH, Jung WJ, Jo GH, Kim YC, Kim KY, Park RD. Production of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine from chitin by Aeromonas sp. GJ-18 crude enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 68:384-9. [PMID: 15692805 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2004] [Revised: 12/07/2004] [Accepted: 12/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A bacterium, GJ-18, having strong chitinolytic activity was isolated from coastal soil. The isolated strain was identified as Aeromonas sp. by morphological and biochemical properties along with 16S rRNA gene sequence. The crude chitinolytic activity of culture supernatants was maximal on the 5th day of culture. Below 45 degrees C, chitin was effectively hydrolyzed to N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) by Aeromonas sp. GJ-18 crude enzymes, but hydrolysis decreased markedly above 50 degrees C. The optimum pH for enzyme activity was 5.0. TLC and HPLC analysis revealed that, below 45 degrees C, the major reaction product was GlcNAc with a small amount of (GlcNAc)(2) and (GlcNAc)(3), whereas above 50 degrees C the major product was (GlcNAc)(2). When swollen chitin (100 mg) was incubated with crude enzyme preparations (10 U) at 40 degrees C, chitin was hydrolyzed to 83.0 and 94.9% yield of GlcNAc within 5 and 9 days, respectively.
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Kang TH, Cho H, Oh H, Sohn DH, Kim YC. Flavonol glycosides with free radical-scavenging activity of Saururus chinensis. Fitoterapia 2005; 76:115-7. [PMID: 15664474 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2004.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An activity-guided fractionation procedure was used to identify the antioxidative components of the aerial parts of Saururus chinensis. The antioxidant activity was investigated with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical- and superoxide anion-scavenging assays. Three active compounds (flavonol glycosides) were identified.
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Kim SH, Lee HS, Lee S, Cho J, Ze K, Sung J, Kim YC. Mycelial culture of Phellinus linteus protects primary cultured rat hepatocytes against hepatotoxins. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 95:367-372. [PMID: 15507362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Revised: 07/20/2004] [Accepted: 08/12/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoprotective activity of Phellinus linteus was studied using H(2)O(2)- or galactosamine-injured primary cultures of rat hepatocytes as screening systems. The methanolic extract of the mycelial culture of Phellinus linteus significantly protected against hepatotoxins-induced toxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes as seen from the decreased level of glutamic pyruvic transaminase released from the injured hepatocytes. The methanolic extract of the mycelial culture of Phellinus linteus was subsequently fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. Among these fractions, 100 microg/mL of the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active one. The relative protections were 68.9 +/- 5.3% in H(2)O(2)-injured hepatocytes and 46.8 +/- 3.9% in galactosamine-injured hepatocytes, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction appeared to maintain the glutathione level which was decreased by the treatment of H(2)O(2) or galactosamine and restored the level of RNA synthesis more than two times compared to galactosamine-injured hepatocytes. These results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction of the mycelial culture of Phellinus linteus protects hepatocytes from H(2)O(2)- or galactosamine-induced injury by maintaining hepatic glutathione level and RNA synthesis as well.
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Do JW, Cha SJ, Kim JS, An EJ, Park MS, Kim JW, Kim YC, Park MA, Park JW. Sequence variation in the gene encoding the major capsid protein of Korean fish iridoviruses. Arch Virol 2004; 150:351-9. [PMID: 15549489 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-004-0424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ten iridoviruses were isolated from cultured fish from various regions in Korea; 7 from rock bream, 1 from red sea bream, 1 from sea bass, and 1 from rockfish. The full open-reading frame (ORF) encoding the major capsid protein (MCP) (1362 bp) from ten iridoviruses were sequenced and the nucleotide sequences were phylogenetically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ten Korean isolates were classified into one cluster. However, their sequences were not identical and, based on the nucleotide sequence variation, they could be further divided into two subgroups. While nine Korean isolates were similar to the Japanese isolate red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), one isolate was distinct from other iridovirus isolates. These results suggest that a diversity of iridoviruses exist in Korea and that a new variant strain has emerged.
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Yang MK, Cho CH, Kim YC. The effects of cryoanalgesia combined with thoracic epidural analgesia in patients undergoing thoracotomy. Anaesthesia 2004; 59:1073-7. [PMID: 15479314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of cryoanalgesia combined with thoracic epidural analgesia on pain and respiratory complications in patients undergoing thoracotomy. Ninety patients were prospectively randomised to epidural analgesia alone (n = 45) or epidural analgesia and cryoanalgesia combined (n = 45). We monitored the use of rescue pain medication and changes in forced vital capacity and forced expired volume in 1 s, and recorded pain and opioid-related side-effects during the immediate postoperative period. The incidence of post-thoracotomy pain and numbness were also assessed up to the sixth month after surgery. Cryoanalgesia combined with thoracic epidural analgesia was associated with earlier recovery in pulmonary function, less pain during movement and a lower daily requirement for rescue analgesia one week after surgery. However, the combination of cryoanalgesia and epidural analgesia failed to decrease the incidence of long-term pain and numbness. In view of its associated long-term morbidity, cryoanalgesia combined with thoracic epidural analgesia is not recommended for patients undergoing thoracotomy.
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Miller CD, Kim YC, Anderson AJ. Competitiveness in root colonization by Pseudomonas putida requires the rpoS gene. Can J Microbiol 2004; 47:41-8. [PMID: 15049448 DOI: 10.1139/w00-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rpoS gene in Pseudomonas putida was essential for plant root colonization under competitive conditions from other microbes. The RpoS- mutant survived less well than the wild-type strain in culture medium, and unlike the wild-type, failed to colonize the roots in a peat matrix containing an established diverse microflora. The RpoS-deficient P. putida isolate was generated by insertion of a glucuronidase-npt cassette into the rpoS gene. The RpoS mutant had dose-dependent increased sensitivity to oxidative stress and produced Mn-superoxide dismutase activity earlier than the parent. While extracts from wild-type P. putida stationary-phase cells contained three isozymes of catalase (CatA, CatB, and CatC), the sigma38-deficient P. putida lacked CatB. These results are consistent with previous findings that CatB is induced in stationary-phase.
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97
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Han SH, Lim YJ, Ro YJ, Lee SC, Park YS, Kim YC. Efficacy of Prophylactic Ondansetron in a Patient-Controlled Analgesia Environment. J Int Med Res 2004; 32:160-5. [PMID: 15080019 DOI: 10.1177/147323000403200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine the efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron on post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during opioid patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). In total, 374 patients using opioid PCA, but otherwise considered to be low risk for PONV, were randomly allocated to ondansetron (4 mg given intravenously and 16 mg added into the PCA pump) or saline (control group). PONV was evaluated in terms of nausea graded on a visual analogue scale, and the number of patients who experienced emetic episodes or needed rescue anti-emetics in the 48-h post-operative period. Patient satisfaction for PCA was scored at the end of the evaluation period. The only difference between the two groups was the higher number of headaches in the ondansetron group. In patients using opioid PCA, but with no other high risk factors for PONV, prophylactic ondansetron does not have any clinical benefit.
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98
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Kim SK, Seo JM, Jung YS, Kwak HE, Kim YC. Alterations in hepatic metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids induced by ethanol in rats. Amino Acids 2004; 24:103-10. [PMID: 12624741 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-002-0324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in hepatic metabolism of S-amino acids were monitored over one week in male rats treated with a single dose of ethanol (3 g/kg, ip). Methionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine concentrations were increased rapidly, but S-adenosylmethionine, cysteine, and glutathione (GSH) decreased following ethanol administration. Activities of methionine adenosyltransferase, cystathionine gamma-lyase and cystathionine beta-synthase were all inhibited. gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase activity was increased from t = 8 hr, but GSH level did not return to control for 24 hr. Hepatic hypotaurine and taurine levels were elevated immediately, but reduced below control in 18 hr. Changes in serum and urinary taurine levels were consistent with results observed in liver. Cysteine dioxygenase activity was increased rapidly, but declined from t = 24 hr. The results show that a single dose of ethanol induces profound changes in hepatic S-amino acid metabolism, some of which persist for several days. Ethanol not only inhibits the cysteine synthesis but suppresses the cysteine availability further by enhancing its irreversible catabolism to taurine, which would play a significant role in the depletion of hepatic GSH.
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99
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Jang SI, Kim HJ, Hwang KM, Jekal SJ, Pae HO, Choi BM, Yun YG, Kwon TO, Chung HT, Kim YC. Hepatoprotective effect of baicalin, a major flavone from Scutellaria radix, on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2004; 25:585-94. [PMID: 14686800 DOI: 10.1081/iph-120026443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of baicalin (BA), a major flavone from Scutellaria radix, on acetaminophen (AP)-induced hepatotoxicity and the possible mechanism(s) of its protective action were investigated in mice. Treatment with BA (300 mg/kg, p.o.) 0.5 h after AP administration significantly prevented an increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and AP-induced hepatic necrosis, and also reduced AP-induced mortality from 43% to 0%. In addition, oral treatment with BA significantly prevented AP-induced depletion of glutathione (GSH) contents. However, BA treatment, by itself, did not affect hepatic GSH contents. The effect of BA on the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), the major isozyme involved in AP bioactivation, was investigated. Oral treatment of mice with BA resulted in a significant decrease in AP-induced CYP2E1 activity together with its inhibition of AP-induced CYP2EI expression. These results show that the hepatoprotective effects of BA against AP overdose may be due to its ability to block the bioactivation of AP by inhibiting CYP2E1 expression.
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100
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Kim YC, Kim EJ, Lee ED, Kim JH, Jang SW, Kim YG, Kwon JW, Kim WB, Lee MG. Comparative bioavailability of silibinin in healthy male volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004; 41:593-6. [PMID: 14692709 DOI: 10.5414/cpp41593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study a comparative bioavailability of Liverman capsule to Legaion capsule and Silymarin tablet (which contain silibinin) in 24 healthy volunteers. VOLUNTEERS AND METHODS Twenty-four healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the silibinin dose of 120 mg in a 3 x 3 crossover study. There was a 1-week washout period among the doses. Plasma concentrations of silibinin were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography for over a period of 12 hours after the administration. AUCinf (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time infinity) was calculated by the trapezoidal rule extrapolation method. Cmax (maximum plasma drug concentration) and tmax (time to reach a Cmax) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed AUCinf, AUC(0-12h), and Cmax and untransformed tmax. RESULTS After an oral administration of Liverman capsule, the pharmacokinetic parameters of silibinin, such as AUC(0-12h) (5.59, 4.24 and 13.9 microg/ml x h for Legalon capsule, Silymarin tablet and Liverman capsule, respectively) and AUCinf (6.00, 4.63 and 15.1 microg/ml x h) were significantly greater, Cmax (1.33, 1.13 and 6.04 microg/ml) was significantly higher and tmax (1.83, 2.10 and 0.875 h) was significantly faster than those after Legalon capsule and Silymarin tablet. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the absorption and the extent of relative oral bioavailability of silibinin after Liverman capsule were significantly faster and greater, respectively, than those after Legalon capsule and Silymarin tablet.
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