Comparative effects of D- and L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in chronic treatment of hypercholesteremic dogs

Twenty intact, naturally hypercholestere-mic dogs were divided into five groups and chronically administered D-3,5,3'-triiodothy-ronine (d-T3) and L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (l-T3) at two levels, respectively, for 31 weeks. The administration of the drugs was divided into two periods, the first for 21 weeks, after which the dosage level for each of the four test groups was doubled for an additional 10 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol, total lipids, and phospholipids were significantly lowered by the administration at both levels of d-T3 and the higher level of l-T3. At the end of 21 and 29 weeks of thyromimetic administration, no differences in percentage of free or esterified cholesterol were observed for any of the treated groups when compared with the control groups. A battery of physiological and functional tests was performed at suitable intervals throughout the experimental period with no evidence of abnormalities due to the administration of the thyromimetic agents. The only significant functional change measured was a reduction in protein-bound-iodine levels in the clogs receiving the higher level of l-T3.

Throughout the entire experiment, all dogs remained in good health as judged by gross appearances and actions. The dogs receiving d-T3 gained less weight than did either the controls or the L-T3-treated groups, even though all animals ate isocaloric balanced diets. At post mortem, after 31 weeks of chronic thyromimetic administration, gross pathology was negative; chemical analyses of cholesterol content of aortas, adrenals, and livers indicated no significant differences. Analyses of livers for total lipids showed no significant differences, and no evidence of aortic sudanophilia was apparent in any of the experimental dogs.

Interactions among dietary fat, protein, and cholesterol in atherosclerosis-susceptible pigeons. Effects on serum cholesterol and aortic atherosclerosis

In a 3x 2x 2 factorially designed experiment, White Carneau pigeons were kept nine months on diets containing three levels of protein (5 per cent, 15 per cent, and 30 per cent casein) and two types of dietary fat (10 per cent oil or 10 per cent hydrogenated coconut oil). Identical groups received, in addition, 0.25 per cent cholesterol. Analysis for serum cholesterol, and for cholesterol, total lipids, and phospholipids in the aorta, and measurements of atherosclerotic index were carried out. The data were subjected to statistical evaluation by analysis of variance. The addition of cholesterol to the diets elevated the level of cholesterol in the serum and the aorta and increased the severity of atherosclerosis. A significant interaction was found to exist between the type of fat in the diet and the presence or absence of cholesterol. Among cholesterol-fed birds only, corn oil exerted a significant cholesterol-lowering action. Suggestive evidence was obtained for the concept that the severity of atherosclerosis is influenced by the type of dietary fat, the level of protein, and the presence or absence of cholesterol in the diet, and that bio-logical interactions exist among these dietary variables.