How will surface treatments affect the translucency of porcelain laminate veneers?

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether surface treatments affect the translucency of laminate veneers with different shades and thicknesses.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 224 disc-shaped ceramic veneers were prepared from A1, A3, HT (High Translucent) and HO (High Opaque) shades of IPS e.max Press (Ivoclar Vivadent) with 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm thicknesses. The ceramics were divided into four groups for surface treatments. Group C: no surface treatments; Group HF: etched with hydrofluoric acid; Group SB: sandblasted with 50-µm Al₂O₃; and Group L; irradiated with an Er;YAG laser. A translucent shade of resin cement (Rely X Veneer, 3M ESPE) was chosen for cementation. The color values of the veneers were measured with a colorimeter and translucency parameter (TP) values were calculated. A three-way ANOVA with interactions for TP values was performed and Bonferroni tests were used when appropriate (α=0.05).

RESULTS

There were significant interactions between the surface treatments, ceramic shades and thicknesses (P=.001). For the 0.5-mm-thick specimens there were significant differences after the SB and L treatments. There was no significant difference between the HF and C treatments for any shades or thicknesses (P>.05). For the 1-mm-thick ceramics, there was only a significant difference between the L and C treatments for the HT shade ceramics (P=.01). There were also significant differences between the SB and C treatments except not for the HO shades (P=.768).

CONCLUSION

The SB and L treatments caused laminate veneers to become more opaque; however, HF treatment did not affect the TP values. When the laminate veneers were thinner, both the shade of the ceramic and the SB and laser treatments had a greater effect on the TP values.

Effects of intraoral aging on surface properties of coated nickel-titanium archwires

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effects of intraoral aging on surface properties of esthetic and conventional nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Five NiTi wires were considered for this study (Sentalloy, Sentalloy High Aesthetic, Superelastic Titanium Memory Wire, Esthetic Superelastic Titanium Memory Wire, and EverWhite). For each type of wire, four samples were analyzed as received and after 1 month of clinical use by an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). To evaluate sliding resistance, two stainless steel plates with three metallic or three monocrystalline brackets, bonded in passive configuration, were manufactured; four as-received and retrieved samples for every wire were pulled five times at 5 mm/min for 1 minute by means of an Instron 5566, recording the greatest friction value (N). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and by Student's t-test.

RESULTS

After clinical use, surface roughness increased considerably. The SEM images showed homogeneity for the as-received control wires; however, after clinical use esthetic wires exhibited a heterogeneous surface with craters and bumps. The lowest levels of friction were observed with the as-received Superelastic Titanium Memory Wire on metallic brackets. When tested on ceramic brackets, all the wires exhibited an increase in friction (t-test; P < .05). Furthermore, all the wires, except Sentalloy, showed a statistically significant increase in friction between the as-received and retrieved groups (t-test; P < .05).

CONCLUSION

Clinical use of the orthodontic wires increases their surface roughness and the level of friction.

Promotion of airway anastomotic microvascular regeneration and alleviation of airway ischemia by deferoxamine nanoparticles

Airway tissue ischemia and hypoxia in human lung transplantation is a consequence of the sacrifice of the bronchial circulation during the surgical procedure and is a major risk factor for the development of airway anastomotic complications. Augmented expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α promotes microvascular repair and alleviates allograft ischemia and hypoxia. Deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) is an FDA-approved iron chelator which has been shown to upregulate cellular HIF-1α. Here, we developed a nanoparticle formulation of DFO that can be topically applied to airway transplants at the time of surgery. In a mouse orthotopic tracheal transplant (OTT) model, the DFO nanoparticle was highly effective in enhancing airway microvascular perfusion following transplantation through the production of the angiogenic factors, placental growth factor (PLGF) and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1. The endothelial cells in DFO treated airways displayed higher levels of p-eNOS and Ki67, less apoptosis, and decreased production of perivascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to vehicle-treated airways. In summary, a DFO formulation topically-applied at the time of surgery successfully augmented airway anastomotic microvascular regeneration and the repair of alloimmune-injured microvasculature. This approach may be an effective topical transplant-conditioning therapy for preventing airway complications following clinical lung transplantation.

Investigation into the effect of use of metal primer on adhesion of heat cure acrylic resin to cast titanium: an in vitro study

The availability of adhesive primers capable of bonding chemically to base metal alloys without well defined passive oxide surface film has been improved significantly over the last decade. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to compare and evaluate the effect of metal primer on adhesion of heat cure acrylic resin to cast titanium. Shear bond strength test was conducted on 80 commercially pure titanium cast metal heat-cure acrylic resin discs treated with different surface treatments. The first group received no surface treatment (group I); the second group was subjected to sandblasting (group II); the third group was treated with bonding agent (alloy primer) (group III) and the fourth was treated with sandblasting and alloy primer (group IV). After the samples were surface treated, acrylic resin was mixed, packed and processed over the test area of cast titanium. Ten specimens of each group were immersed in distilled water for 24 h followed by thermocycling for 20,000 cycles. Shear bond-strength between the heat cure acrylic resin and titanium was evaluated using Instron universal testing machine. Debonded specimens of all the groups were subjected to SEM analysis. The bond failure (MPa) was analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison tests. Surface treatment with sandblasting, followed by the application of alloy primer showed maximum shear bond strength before and after thermocycling (24.50 ± 0.59 and 17.39 ± 1.56 MPa respectively).The bond strength values are found to be in decreasing magnitudes as group IV > group III > group II > group I. The following pretreatment to improve the shear bond strength of heat cure acrylic resin to titanium is recommended in order to attain the maximum bond strength in cast titanium frameworks for various prostheses: sandblasting, cleaning in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min and air drying followed by application of a bonding agent uniformly on the sandblasted cast titanium surface before packing with heat cure acrylic resin.

To evaluate and compare the effect of different Post Surface treatments on the Tensile Bond Strength between Fiber Posts and Composite Resin

BACKGROUND

Fiber posts are widely used for restoration of mutilated teeth that lack adequate coronal tooth structure to retain a core for definitive restoration, bond between the fiber post and composite material depends upon the chemical reaction between the post surface and the resin material used for building up the core. In attempt to maximize the resin bonding with fiber post, different post surface conditioning is advocated. Therefore the purpose of the study is to examine the interfacial strength between fiber post and composite, as core build-up material after different surface treatments of fiber posts.

MATERIALS & METHODS

Twenty fiber posts were split into four groups off five each according to different surface treatments viz. Group I-(Negative Control), Group II-Silanization (Positive control), Group III-(37% Phosphoric Acid & Silanization) ,Group IV- (10% Hydrogen Peroxide and Silanization). With the preformed plastic mould, a core of dual cure composite resin around the fiber post having the uniform thickness was created. Tensile bond strength of each specimen was measured under Universal Testing Machine (UTM) at the cross head speed of 3mm/min.

RESULTS

The results achieved with 10% Hydrogen peroxide had a marked effect on micro tensile bond strength values between the tested materials.

CONCLUSION

Immense enhancement in the silanization efficiency of quartz fiber phase was observed with different surface chemical treatment of the resin phase of fiber posts with the marked increase in the micro-tensile bond strength between fiber post and composite core.

HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE

Shori D, Pandey S, Kubde R, Rathod Y, Atara R, Rathi S. To evaluate and compare the effect of different Post Surface treatments on the Tensile Bond Strength between Fiber Posts and Composite Resin. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(5):27-32.

The effect of stem surface treatment and material on pistoning of ulnar components in linked cemented elbow prostheses

BACKGROUND

The ulnar component of a total elbow replacement can fail by "pistoning." Stem surface treatments have improved stability at the stem-cement interface but with varied success. This study investigated the role of surface treatment and stem substrate material on implant stability under axial loading.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sixty circular stems (diameter, 8 mm) made of cobalt chrome (n = 30) or titanium (n = 30) had different surfaces: smooth, sintered beads, and plasma spray. The surface treatment length was either 10 mm or 20 mm. Stems were potted in bone cement, allowed to cure for 24 hours, and tested in a materials testing machine under a compressive staircase loading protocol. Failure was defined as 2 mm of push-out or completion of the protocol. Two-way analyses of variance compared the effects of surface treatment and substrate material on interface strength and motion.

RESULTS

Significant interactions were found between surface treatment and substrate material for both interface strength and motion (P < .05). For titanium, the 20-mm beaded stems had greater interface strength than all other stems (P < .05) and had less motion than the 10-mm plasma-spray and smooth stems (P < .05). For cobalt chrome, the 20-mm beaded stems showed greater interface strength (P < .05) and similar motion (P > .05) to the 20-mm plasma-spray stems (P < .05), which outperformed all other stems (P < .05). Mechanisms of catastrophic failure varied: smooth stems debonded at the stem-cement interface, beaded stems experienced debonding of the beads from the stem, and plasma-spray stems showed loss of frictional force between the surface treatment and cement.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Stem surface treatment can enhance ulnar component stability but is dependent on substrate material.

Biologic stability of plasma ion-implanted miniscrews

Objective

To gain basic information regarding the biologic stability of plasma ion-implanted miniscrews and their potential clinical applications.

Methods

Sixteen plasma ion-implanted and 16 sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) miniscrews were bilaterally inserted in the mandibles of 4 beagles (2 miniscrews of each type per quadrant). Then, 250 - 300 gm of force from Ni-Ti coil springs was applied for 2 different periods: 12 weeks on one side and 3 weeks contralaterally. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed and mandibular specimens including the miniscrews were collected. The insertion torque and mobility were compared between the groups. The bone-implant contact and bone volume ratio were calculated within 800 µm of the miniscrews and compared between the loading periods. The number of osteoblasts was also quantified. The measurements were expressed as percentages and analyzed by independent t-tests (p < 0.05).

Results

No significant differences in any of the analyzed parameters were noted between the groups.

Conclusions

The preliminary findings indicate that plasma ion-implanted miniscrews have similar biologic characteristics to SLA miniscrews in terms of insertion torque, mobility, bone-implant contact rate, and bone volume rate.

Evaluation and comparison of the effect of different surface preparations on bond strength of glass ionomer cement with nickel-chrome metal-ceramic alloy: a laboratory study

Retention of fixed partial dentures is mostly dependent upon the bond between metal and cement as well as cement and tooth structure. However, most of the time clinical failure of bond has been observed at metal and cement interface. The treatment of metal surface, prior to luting, plays a crucial role in bonding cement with the metal. This study is conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of different surface preparations on the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement with nickel-chromium metal ceramic alloy. Fifty caries-free extracted molar teeth were made flat until the dentin of the occlusal surface was exposed. After fabrication of the wax patterns and subsequent castings, the castings were subjected to porcelain firing cycles. The nickel-chromium metal ceramic alloy discs were also divided into five groups and subjected to various surface treatments: (1) Unsandblasted (U), (2) sandblasted (S), (3) sandblasted and treated with 10% aqueous solution of KMnO4 (SK), (4) unsandblasted and roughened with diamond abrasive points (UD) and (5) unsandblasted and roughened with diamond abrasive points and treated with 10% aqueous solution of KMnO(4) (UDK). After surface treatments, the castings were cemented using Fuji PLUS encapsulated resin-modified glass ionomer cement. The obtained values of all the groups were subjected to statistical analysis for Tensile and Shear bond strength. Different surface treatments of the metal affects the bond strength values of resin-modified glass ionomer cement when used as luting agent.

A comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of porcelain and composite using different bonding agents - An in vitro study

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of the present in vitro study is to compare and evaluate the shear bond strength of porcelain and composite using different bonding agents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sixty-three porcelain pellets were prepared and were divided into 9 groups. Three surface treatment and two bonding agents were evaluated. The surface treatment were: 1) sandblasting; 2) etching with 35% phosphoric acid; and 3) etching with 8% hydrofluoric acid. Applying bonding agents Scotch bond adhesive and clearfil liner bond 2V and combination of these treatments. Composite resin was condensed and light cured for 60 seconds on the porcelain specimens which were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours before mechanical testing.

RESULTS

The bond strength were significantly different according to ANOVA F-test (F = 6.28, p < 0.01) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Eight percent hydrofluoric acid showed higher bond strength when compared to 35% phosphoric acid etching and sandblasting by 50 micron aluminum oxide. Highest bond strength was observed with hydrofluoric acid + clearfil.

CONCLUSION

Etching with 8% hydrofluoric acid + clearfil liner bond showed higher bond strength when compared to hydrofluoric acid alone. This is indicative that effect of silane and etching can be use to improve mechanico chemical bonding. Among bonding agents used clearfil liner showed higher bond strength when compared to scotch bond adhesive.

Shear bond strength of composite resin to titanium according to various surface treatments

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

When veneering composite resin-metal restoration is prepared, the fact that bond strength between Ti and composite resin is relatively weak should be considered.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the shear bond strength between the veneering composite resin and commercial pure (CP) Ti / Ti-6Al-4V alloy according to the method of surface treatment.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The disks were cast by two types of metal. Their surfaces were treated by sandblasting, metal conditioner, TiN coating and silicoating respectively. After surface treatment, the disks were veneered by composite resin (Tescera™, Bisco, USA) which is 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness. The specimens were stored in water at 25℃ for 24 hours, and then evaluated for their shear bond strength by universal testing machine (STM-5®, United Calibration, USA). These values were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS

1. All methods of surface treatment were used in this study satisfied the requirements of ISO 10477 which is the standard of polymer-based crown and bridge materials. 2. The metal conditioner treated group showed the highest value in shear bond strength of CP Ti, silicoated group, TiN coated group, sandblasted group, in following order. 3. The silicoated group showed the highest value in shear bond strength of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, metal conditioner treated group, sandblasted group, TiN coated group, in following order.

CONCLUSION

Within the limitations of this study, all methods of surface treatment used in this study are clinically available.

Comparion of stability in titanium implants with different surface topographies in dogs

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

A few of studies which compared and continuously measured the stability of various surface treated implants in the same individual had been performed.

PURPOSE

We aim to find the clinical significance of surface treatments by observing the differences in the stabilization stages of implant stability.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Eight different surface topographies of dental implants were especially designed for the present study. Machined surface implants were used as a control group. 4 nano-treated surface implants (20 nm TiO(2) coating surface, heat-treated 80 nm TiO(2) coating surface, CaP coating surface, heat treated CaP coating surface) and 3 micro-treated surface implants [resorbable blast media (RBM) surface, sandblast and acid-etched (SAE) surface, anodized RBM surface] were used as experiment groups. All 24 implants were placed in 3 adult dogs. Periotest® & ISQ values measured for 8 weeks and all animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks after surgery. Then the histological analyses were done.

RESULTS

In PTV, all implants were stabilized except 1 failed implants. In ISQ values, The lowest stability was observed at different times for each individual. The ISQ values were showed increased tendency after 5 weeks in every groups. After 4 to 5 weeks, the values were stabilized. There was no statistical correlation between the ISQ values and PTV. In the histological findings, the bone formation was observed to be adequate in general and no differences among the 8 surface treated implants.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, the difference in the stability of the implants was determined not by the differences in the surface treatment but by the individual specificity.