Herpes simplex virus products in productive and abortive infection. II. Electron microscopic and immunological evidence for failure of virus envelopment as a cause of abortive infection

Herpes simplex virus strain MPdk(-) multiplies in HEp-2 cells, but not in dog kidney (DK) cells. Strain MPdk(+)sp, a multistep mutant of MPdk(-), multiplies in both HEp-2 and DK cells. Stabilized lysates of productively infected cells yield three macromolecular aggregates of viral deoxyribonucleic acid and protein banding in CsCl gradients at densities of 1.285 g/cm(3) (alpha), 1.325 g/cm(3) (beta), and 1.37 to 1.45 g/cm(3) (gamma). Similar lysates from abortively infected cells yield only the beta and gamma bands. Electron microscopic examination revealed that (i) the alpha band contained enveloped nucleocapsids, whereas the beta band contained naked nucleocapsids and particles tentatively identified as internal components of the nucleocapsids, and that (ii) the enveloped virions and reduplication of cellular membranes observed in thin sections of productively infected cells were absent from abortively infected cells. Studies of the surface antigens of infected cells in a cytolytic system described previously revealed that abortively infected cells contained approximately 10-fold less virus-induced surface antigen than did productively infected cells. From these and other data published previously, we concluded that infectious MPdk(-) virions are not made in DK cells because (i) functional viral products necessary for the envelopment of the nucleocapsid are not made, and (ii) capsid proteins and some nonstructural products specified by the virus malfunction.

Markovian prediction of sequential temporal patterns in spontaneous speech

Observations on successive sound and silence durations in spontaneous speech have revealed a regular structure. Periods of relatively long pauses coupled to short vocalizations were found to alternate with periods in which short pauses and long vocalizations were paired. It is shown that such a structure can be produced by a random selection of sound-silence durations from exponential distribution functions. A test for the statistical significance of this effect is proposed.