1151
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Heinemann U, Kiziak C, Zibek S, Layh N, Schmidt M, Griengl H, Stolz A. Conversion of aliphatic 2-acetoxynitriles by nitrile-hydrolysing bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 63:274-81. [PMID: 12845494 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-003-1382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2003] [Revised: 05/26/2003] [Accepted: 05/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of the nitrile group of different 2-acetoxynitriles was investigated in order to obtain catalysts that chemoselectively hydrolyse nitriles in the presence of ester groups. The biotransformation of four 2-acetoxynitriles [2-acetoxybutenenitrile (ABN), 2-acetoxyheptanenitrile (AHN), 2-acetoxy-2-(2-furyl)acetonitrile (AFN), and 2-acetoxy-2,3,3-trimethylbutanenitrile (ATMB)] by different bacterial strains that synthesise nitrilases or nitrile hydratases was studied. ABN, AHN and AFN were converted by various microorganisms belonging to different bacterial genera (e.g. Pseudomonas or Rhodococcus) expressing either nitrilase or nitrile hydratase activities. In contrast, no metabolism of the sterically hindered substrate ATMB was observed. All wild-type strains investigated formed considerable amounts of cyanide and aldehydes from the 2-acetoxynitriles. This indicated the presence of esterases converting the 2-acetoxynitriles to 2-hydroxynitriles, which then spontaneously decomposed to the corresponding aldehydes and cyanide. In order to suppress unwanted side-reactions, biotransformations were performed with recombinant Escherichia coli strains that heterologously expressed nitrilase activities originating from Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, or Synechocystis strains. The attempted conversion of the 2-acetoxynitriles to almost stoichiometric amounts of the corresponding 2-acetoxycarboxylic acids was finally achieved by using either a recombinant E. coli strain that highly overexpressed the nitrilase gene from the pseudomonad or the purified enzyme derived from this strain.
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1152
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Janni W, Rack B, Sommer H, Schmidt M, Strobl B, Rjosk D, Gerber B, Dimpfl T, Friese K. Die intramammäre Tumorlokalisation (ITL) beeinflusst die lymphogene Metastasierung, aber nicht die Überlebensprognose des Mammakarzinoms. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-815234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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1153
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Schmidt M, Lahdo E, Victor A, Steiner E, Mahlke M, Pilch H, Knapstein PG. Expression apoptoseassoziierter Proteine und Prädiktion des Ansprechens auf eine Therapie mit Paclitaxel beim metastasierten Mammakarzinom. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-815175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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1154
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Laube N, Pullmann M, Hergarten S, Schmidt M, Hesse A. Fehlinterpretation von Urinanalysen durch in vivo wachsende Harnsteine. Urologe A 2003; 42:1602-6. [PMID: 14668988 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-003-0445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of biochemically unaltered urinalyses in patients with severe recurrent stone formation is not a rare observation in practice. The possible reasons for that phenomenon are manifold. We show that stone growth-related urinary depletion of lithogenic constituents caused by acute growth of urinary calculi in vivo can be an important reason for the observed phenomenon. The described process which can strongly influence the urinary composition occurs in any stone-bearing patient. Thus, it is strongly recommended that stone-related alterations be taken into account when interpreting the urinalyses of these patients. Based on simplified model assumptions, the extent of the expected chemical depletion effect can be calculated for any stone patient's urine sample. In two easy-to-use nomograms, we have combined the key parameters which govern the process, allowing the user a fast and easy estimation.
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1155
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Fedorchuk A, Prots Y, Schmidt M, Schnelle W, Burkhardt U, Schwarz U, Grin Y. Novel Derivatives of the CaIn2 Type of Structure: Yb1+xMg1—xGa4 (0≤x≤ 0.058) and YLiGa4. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200300308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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1156
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Steiner E, Sagemüller J, Schmidt M, Pilch H, Tanner B, Hengstler JG, Knapstein PG. Sequenzierung und Charakterisierung von differentiell exprimierten mRNA-Abschnitten zur Evaluierung von krankheitsrelevanten Genabschnitten im Endometriumkarzinom. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-815190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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1157
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Hacein-Bey-Abina S, Von Kalle C, Schmidt M, McCormack MP, Wulffraat N, Leboulch P, Lim A, Osborne CS, Pawliuk R, Morillon E, Sorensen R, Forster A, Fraser P, Cohen JI, de Saint Basile G, Alexander I, Wintergerst U, Frebourg T, Aurias A, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Romana S, Radford-Weiss I, Gross F, Valensi F, Delabesse E, Macintyre E, Sigaux F, Soulier J, Leiva LE, Wissler M, Prinz C, Rabbitts TH, Le Deist F, Fischer A, Cavazzana-Calvo M. LMO2-associated clonal T cell proliferation in two patients after gene therapy for SCID-X1. Science 2003; 302:415-9. [PMID: 14564000 DOI: 10.1126/science.1088547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2513] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown correction of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency [SCID-X1, also known as gamma chain (gamma(c)) deficiency] in 9 out of 10 patients by retrovirus-mediated gamma(c) gene transfer into autologous CD34 bone marrow cells. However, almost 3 years after gene therapy, uncontrolled exponential clonal proliferation of mature T cells (with gammadelta+ or alphabeta+ T cell receptors) has occurred in the two youngest patients. Both patients' clones showed retrovirus vector integration in proximity to the LMO2 proto-oncogene promoter, leading to aberrant transcription and expression of LMO2. Thus, retrovirus vector insertion can trigger deregulated premalignant cell proliferation with unexpected frequency, most likely driven by retrovirus enhancer activity on the LMO2 gene promoter.
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1158
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Gnanaraj J, Zinigrad E, Asraf L, Sprecher M, Gottlieb H, Geissler W, Schmidt M, Aurbach D. On the use of LiPF3(CF2CF3)3 (LiFAP) solutions for Li-ion batteries. Electrochemical and thermal studies. Electrochem commun 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2003.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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1159
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Panicke L, Schmidt M, Czegledi L, Lendeckel U, Wegner J, Rudolph PE, Staufenbiel R. Activities of Proteolytic Lysosomal Enzymes in Blood and Liver of Growing Cattle. Arch Anim Breed 2003. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-46-425-2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The activities of proteolytic lysosomal enzymes were investigated in serum, leucocytes, liver and muscle of German-Holstein heifers. Altogether there were 119 investigations: 19 9 months, 80 12 months and 20 16 months old female young cattle. Lysosomal enzymes in leucocytes were proven inappropriate for investigation because of very high variation coefficients. The enzymes investigated in serum, liver and muscle only had variation coefficients ranging from 20 to 40% in most cases. The closest connection between activities of individual enzymes was observed in the liver where activities, except for that of lysosomale esterase (EL), were highly correlated with each other. High correlations were calculated between 9 and 16 months old heifers.
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1160
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Dietlein M, Moka D, Schmidt M, Theissen P, Schicha H. [Prevention, screening and therapy of thyroid diseases and their cost-effectiveness]. Nuklearmedizin 2003; 42:181-9. [PMID: 14571314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effectiveness analyses focused on benign thyroid diseases are under-represented in the literature. The calculation of costs per additionally gained life year is difficult: The benefit of prevention is shifted into the distant future. The influence of an untreated subclinical thyroid disease on life expectancy can only be demonstrated by a long-term follow-up and by epidemiological databases. Iodine supplementation and programs for the prevention of tobacco smoking (primary prevention) are very cost-effective. Smoking increases the risk both of multinodular goiter and of Graves' disease. Screening programs (secondary prevention) are discussed for the laboratory parameters thyrotropin (TSH), calcium and calcitonin. TSH testing seems to be very cost-effective for epidemiological considerations in a certain lifespan (newborn, pregnancy, postpartal, older persons, hospitalisation due to acute diseases) and in persons with previously elevated TPO-antibodies or TSH-values >2 mU/l, but dedicated cost-effectiveness analyses are lacking. On the other hand, the cost-effectiveness of a routine TSH testing beyond the age of 35 years has been shown by a high-quality decision analysis. Therapeutic strategies (tertiary prevention) aim at the avoidance of complications (atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, death for cardiac reasons) and of iatrogenic complications. Examples of a tertiary prevention are: firstly the definitive therapy of Graves' disease in patients who have an increased risk of relapse after antithyroid drugs (ATD), secondly the radioiodine therapy for subclinical hyperthyroidism and the radioiodine therapy of large goiters in older patients or in patients suffering from a relevant comorbidity. Cost-effectiveness analyses for different therapeutic strategies of Graves' disease were published using a lifelong time-horizon. The ablative radioiodine dose-regime is cost-effective as a first line therapy if the risk of relapse after ATD exceeds 60%.
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1161
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Janni W, Rack B, Sommer H, Strobl B, Rjosk D, Gerber B, Schmidt M, Thieleke W, Dimpfl T, Friese K. 426 Intramammary tumor location (ITL) does not influence prognosis, but the prevalence of axillary lymph node metastases. EJC Suppl 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(03)90458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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1162
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Engel J, Eckel R, Kerr J, Schmidt M, Fürstenberger G, Richter R, Sauer H, Senn HJ, Hölzel D. The process of metastasisation for breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2003; 39:1794-806. [PMID: 12888376 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(03)00422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the process of metastasis, primary clinical data and disease events such as metastases, local recurrence and survival (median follow-up 9.4 years) from the Munich Cancer Registry from 1978 to 1996 were analysed. Since metastases, even from small tumours, may be initiated before the diagnosis of the primary tumour, the growth of the primary tumour and metastasisation may be two autonomous processes. In our data, survival following metastases was almost unrelated to primary tumour size. However, the number of M1 cases and the time to metastasisation depended on the tumour diameter at diagnosis. The time from initiation of metastases to its diagnosis was estimated as 5.8 years. The growth of metastases was almost homogeneous. However, the growth time following metastasisation-depending on the metastases-free time, receptor status and histological grade-only varied by approximately a factor of 2. Local recurrence, above all, was an indicator of metastases. Furthermore, local recurrence may also have the potential to metastasise. Excess mortality due to local recurrence was estimated up to 9.3 years after diagnosis. Our hypothesised metastases model illustrates the importance of early detection, the concept of breast-conserving therapy and additional metastases from local recurrence. It highlights the benefits of optimal local therapy of the primary tumour and the limitations of systemic therapy. It also questions the use of axilla dissection and lymph node irradiation. Its generalisation to solid tumours may help to clarify many of the current controversial debates.
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1163
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Schmidt MV, Schmidt M, Oitzl MS, Müller MB, Ohl F, Wurst W, Holsboer F, Levine S, De Kloet ER. Regulation of the developing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1-deficient mice. Neuroscience 2003; 119:589-95. [PMID: 12770571 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During postnatal development, mice undergo a so-called stress hyporesponsive period, which is characterized by low basal corticosterone levels and the inability of mild stressors to induce a corticosterone response. The stress hyporesponsiveness is in part regulated by maternal factors. Twenty-four hours of deprivation results in an activation of basal and stress-induced corticosterone and a down-regulation of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in the brain. It has been hypothesized that the CRH receptor 1 (CRHr1) may play an important regulatory role during development by mediating the effects of maternal deprivation. Using CRHr1-deficient mice we examined the role of this receptor on the maternal deprivation effects and in regulating the expression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-related genes. We could demonstrate that the CRHr1 is essential for the activation of the corticosterone response following maternal deprivation, most likely due to the lack of the receptor in the pituitary. Furthermore, we could show that the CRHr1 is regulating the expression of CRH and MRs. In contrast, effects of maternal deprivation during postnatal development on GRs are not mediated by this receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Arginine Vasopressin/genetics
- Arginine Vasopressin/metabolism
- Corticosterone/blood
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Female
- Genotype
- Hippocampus/anatomy & histology
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/growth & development
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism
- In Situ Hybridization/methods
- Male
- Maternal Deprivation
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout/genetics
- Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/cytology
- Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/metabolism
- Pituitary-Adrenal System/growth & development
- Pituitary-Adrenal System/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/deficiency
- Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/metabolism
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1164
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Kottmann T, Piper C, Farr M, Wiemer M, Schmidt M, Kleesiek K, Horstkotte D. Influence of platelet glycoprotein IIIa PlA polymorphism on mean platelet volume and vWF after coronary stent implantation. J Thromb Haemost 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2003.tb04512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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1165
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Schmidt M, Cahuzac P, Bréchignac C, Cheng HP. The stability of free and oxidized silver clusters. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1575738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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1166
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Kappert K, La Rosée K, Karasch T, Kuhn-Regnier F, Schmidt M, Rosenkranz S. [Thin-walled apical ventricular aneurysm associated with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2003; 128:1342-6. [PMID: 12802743 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-39972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS A 73-year-old patient presented for routine follow-up examination for pre-diagnosed hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). The patient's history included arterial hypertension and dyspnea on exertion. INTERVENTIONS Echocardiography revealed a large apical aneurysm, which had vastly increased in size over the past six months. Further evaluation by cardiac magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging confirmed the aneurysm and demonstrated a wall thickness of no more than 2 mm. TREATMENT AND COURSE Due to the rapid increase in size in addition to the extremely thin wall diameter the risk of spontaneous rupture was considered high and the patient was referred to surgical therapy. Echocardiographic and NMR-findings were confirmed intraoperatively. The aneurysm was resected and the postoperative progress was uneventful. CONCLUSION Aneurysms of the apical left ventricle can result from an underlying HOCM. In case of rapid increase of the aneurysm, aneurysmectomy should be performed.
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1167
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Schmidt M, Bachhuber A, Victor A, Steiner E, Mahlke M, Lehr HA, Pilch H, Weikel W, Knapstein PG. p53 expression and resistance against paclitaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2003; 129:295-302. [PMID: 12715164 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-003-0430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2002] [Accepted: 02/17/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paclitaxel is an important agent in the pharmacological treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Despite its efficacy in selected patients, the majority of patients have a resistance against paclitaxel. The aim of this study was to identify the responding patients and hence prevent the other patients from ineffective treatment. Identifying these patients could spare them an ineffective treatment and could in turn characterize a subgroup of patients with a higher response rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-three patients with metastatic breast cancer received paclitaxel 175 mg/m(2 )either as first- (15 patients) or as second-line (18 patients) treatment. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the blocks of the primary tumors with monoclonal antibodies against p53, HER-2/ neu, P-glycoprotein, Glutathione-S-Transferase-pi, and beta-tubulin II. The expression of those factors was then correlated with the objective response to paclitaxel. RESULTS Ten of 33 patients had an objective response to treatment. A significant correlation with the objective response was found for the expression of p53. None of the tumors with p53 expression ( n=11) responded to paclitaxel. In contrast, 10 of the 22 patients without p53 expression showed an objective response ( P=0.013). Expression of HER-2/ neu, P-glycoprotein, Glutathione-S-Transferase-pi, and beta-tubulin II did not show a correlation with the response to paclitaxel. CONCLUSION The immunohistochemical detection of p53 characterizes patients with metastatic breast cancer unlikely to respond to paclitaxel.
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1168
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Buch RSR, Schmidt M, Reichert TE. [Acute tongue necrosis provoked by epirubicin-cyclophosphamide treatment for invasive ductal breast cancer]. MUND-, KIEFER- UND GESICHTSCHIRURGIE : MKG 2003; 7:175-9. [PMID: 12764685 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-003-0469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
CASE Unilateral necrosis of the tongue is an uncommon symptom of different rare diseases. Previously, it had only been described as an infrequent complication of temporal arteritis or as a side effect of therapy with ergotamine. We present a case of unilateral necrosis of the tongue in a 62-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast treated with epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. RESULTS The necrosis led to a rapid swelling of the tongue and consequently to an airway obstruction necessitating a tracheotomy. After excision of the necrosis, the swelling of the tongue and the airway obstruction subsided. DISCUSSION Because of the temporal connection between the occurrence of the necrosis and the administration of chemotherapy, an adverse effect of the administered drugs seems most likely. However, a paraneoplastic pathogenesis cannot be completely excluded. The occurrence of unilateral necrosis of the tongue is a rare complication of the above-mentioned conditions. However, it is important to be aware of the different causes leading to this rare disease in order to initiate the right therapy.
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1169
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Huber A, Scheidler J, Wintersperger B, Baur A, Schmidt M, Requardt M, Holzknecht N, Helmberger T, Billing A, Reiser M. Moving-table MR angiography of the peripheral runoff vessels: comparison of body coil and dedicated phased array coil systems. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003; 180:1365-73. [PMID: 12704053 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.180.5.1801365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to compare the signal-to-noise ratio and the diagnostic accuracy of moving-table MR angiography of the peripheral arteries with body coil and dedicated phased array coil systems. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty patients were examined with digital subtraction angiography and moving-table MR angiography with a 1.5-T MR imaging system either with a body coil (n = 20) or with a dedicated phased array coil (n = 20). The timing of contrast material was performed with real-time MR fluoroscopy. RESULTS For the iliac artery, upper leg, and lower leg, the mean values for signal-to-noise ratios were 56, 51, and 17, respectively, for the body coil, and 54, 74, and 64, respectively, for the dedicated phased array coil. For the body coil, sensitivity and specificity in identifying stenosis greater than 50% and occlusions were 100% and 96%, respectively, for the iliac arteries, and 100% and 96%, respectively, for the upper leg. For the dedicated phased array coil, sensitivity and specificity for stenosis greater than 50% and occlusions were 100% and 96%, respectively, for the iliac arteries, and 100% and 98%, respectively, for the upper leg. Sensitivity and specificity were inferior for the body coil (88% and 85%) compared with the dedicated phased array coil (100% and 96%) in the lower leg. A significant difference of the mean values of contrast-to-noise ratio was found before and after subtraction for the dedicated phased array coil and body-coil techniques (Student's t test, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In comparison with the body coil, the dedicated peripheral phased array surface coil system improves signal-to-noise ratio for the upper and lower leg and diagnostic accuracy in the lower leg.
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1170
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Schmidt MV, Schmidt M, Enthoven L, van der Mark M, Levine S, de Kloet ER, Oitzl MS. The postnatal development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the mouse. Int J Dev Neurosci 2003; 21:125-32. [PMID: 12711350 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-5748(03)00030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The main characteristic of the postnatal development of the stress system in the rat is the so-called stress hypo-responsive period (SHRP). Lasting from postnatal day (pnd) 4 to pnd 14, this period is characterized by very low basal corticosterone levels and an inability of mild stressors to induce an enhanced ACTH and corticosterone release. During the last years, the mouse has become a generally used animal in stress research, also due to the wide availability of genetically modified mouse strains. However, very few data are available on the ontogeny of the stress system in the mouse. This study therefore describes the postnatal ontogeny of peripheral and central aspects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the mouse. We measured ACTH and corticosterone in blood and CRH, urocortin 3 (UCN3), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcripts in the brain at postnatal days 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 14 and 16. Our results show that we can subdivide the postnatal development of the HPA axis in the mouse in two phases. The first phase corresponds to the SHRP in the rat and lasts from right after birth (pnd 1) until pnd 12. Basal corticosterone levels were low and novelty exposure did not enhance corticosterone or ACTH levels. This period is further characterized by a high expression of CRH in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Expression levels of GR in the hippocampus and UCN3 in the perifornical area are low at birth but increase significantly during the SHRP, both reaching the highest expression level at pnd 12. In the second phase, the mice have developed past the SHRP and were now exhibiting enhanced corticosterone basal levels and a response of ACTH and corticosterone to mild novelty stress. CRH expression was decreased significantly, while expression of UCN3 and GR remained high, with a small decrease at pnd 16. The expression of MR in the hippocampus was very dynamic throughout the postnatal development of the HPA axis and changed in a time and subregion specific manner. These results demonstrate for the first time the correlation between the postnatal endocrine development of the mouse and gene expression changes of central regulators of HPA axis function.
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1171
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Schmidt M, McConnell TJ, Hoffman DR. Immunologic characterization of the recombinant fire ant venom allergen Sol i 3. Allergy 2003; 58:342-9. [PMID: 12708984 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Individuals sensitized to fire ant stings show immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibodies against the venom protein Sol i 3. We determined the full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence of this protein and expressed recombinant Sol i 3 in immunogenic form. The complete cDNA of Sol i 3 was obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and PCR + 1 reactions using gene-specific oligonucleotides, and oligonucleotides designed from the amino acid sequence of this protein. The encoding cDNA is 705 bp in length corresponding to 235 amino acids. The first 22 amino acids are a leader sequence. The protein with an added C-terminal hexahistidine tag was expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus system. The recombinant protein was secreted into the supernatant and affinity purified with a cobalt chelating resin. The recombinant fire ant venom allergen Sol i 3 showed similar IgE binding activity to the native protein in radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and RAST inhibition assays. It was produced in both a glycosylated and an unglycosylated form. A three-dimensional reconstruction of Sol i 3 was compared with the experimentally determined structure of the related allergen Ves v 5. This model is supported by results of circular dichroism spectroscopy.
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1172
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Schmidt M, Donges J, Hippler T, Haberland H. Influence of energy and entropy on the melting of sodium clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:103401. [PMID: 12688994 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Energetic and entropic influences on the melting temperatures of size selected sodium clusters are experimentally separated. It is shown that the energetic difference between solid and liquid is the leading influence for the still puzzling features in the size dependence of sodium melting points. Additionally, this energy difference decreases towards smaller cluster sizes and causes steplike melting phase transitions to vanish. The entropy difference between solid and liquid has been found to be strongly correlated with the energy and causes a pronounced damping of the energetic influences.
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1173
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Steiner E, Eicher O, Sagemüller J, Schmidt M, Pilch H, Tanner B, Hengstler JG, Hofmann M, Knapstein PG. Multivariate independent prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study in 181 patients: 10 years experience at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Mainz University. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2003; 13:197-203. [PMID: 12657124 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1438.2003.13021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biologic outcome of endometrial carcinomas as compared to clinical and pathologic parameters and to identify multivariate independent prognostic factors. Charts were abstracted from patients with endometrial carcinoma from 1985 to 1995. Data on clinicopathologic variables, adjuvant treatment, site of recurrence, and survival were collected. chi2 test was used to test association between variables. Kaplan-Maier method was used for survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model for multiple regression analysis. Univariate analysis revealed that FIGO stage, tumor grade, depth of myometrial invasion, biochemical analysis of progesterone receptor status, age, additional diabetes mellitus, lymph node metastasis, and type of tumor were significantly associated with the overall-survival. For disease-free interval, FIGO stage, tumor grade, depth of myometrial invasion, biochemical analysis of progesterone receptor status, lymph node metastasis, and type of tumor were also significantly associated. Multivariate analysis revealed that FIGO stage, tumor grading, tumor type, depth of myometrial invasion, and biochemically measured progesterone receptor status were associated significantly with overall survival. A significant correlation as independent prognostic factors were also seen for recurrence free interval for FIGO stage, tumor grade, and biochemical progesterone receptor status. In multivariate statistical analysis we identified FIGO stage, tumor type, tumor grade, biochemical analysis of progesterone receptor status, and depth of myometrial invasion as independent prognostic factors for overall survival, and FIGO stage, biochemical analysis of progesterone receptor status, and tumor grade as independent prognostic factors for recurrence-free interval.
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Engel J, Eckel R, Kerr J, Schmidt M, Fuerstanberger G, Richter R, Sauer H, Senn HJ, Hoelzel D. The process of metastasization for breast cancer. Breast 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(03)80056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Schmidt M, Lohrer C, Krause U. Self-ignition of dust at reduced volume fractions of ambient oxygen. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0950-4230(02)00095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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