1176
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Chen G, Mori S, Sharp G, Lu H, Wolfgang J, Kung J, Hong T. SU-FF-T-576: Effects of Respiration On Proton Dose Distributions and DVHs in Pancreatic Cancer as Assessed by 4D Treatment Planning. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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1177
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Peng C, Ahunbay E, Chen G, Lawton C, Li X. SU-FF-T-79: Dosimetric QA Tests of An Online Replanning Technique for Prostate Adaptive Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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1178
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Huang C, Chen Y, Zhou T, Chen G. Sulfation of dietary flavonoids by human sulfotransferases. Xenobiotica 2009; 39:312-22. [PMID: 19350454 DOI: 10.1080/00498250802714915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary flavonoids catechin, epicatechin, eriodictyol, and hesperetin were investigated as substrates and inhibitors of human sulfotransferases (hSULTs). Purified recombinant proteins and human intestine cytosol were used as enzyme sources. hSULT1A1 and hSULT1A3 as well as human intestine cytosol can catalyse the sulfation of the investigated flavonoids. Sulfation of catechin, epicatechin, eriodictyol, and hesperetin by recombinant hSULTs showed substrate inhibition at high flavonoid concentrations. Hesperetin and eriodictyol are potent inhibitors of purified hSULT1A1, hSULT1A3, hSULT1E1, and hSULT2A1. Catechin and epicatechin inhibited hSULT1A1 and hSULT1A3, but not hSULT1E1 and hSULT2A1. The sulfation efficacy and potency of inhibition is related to the C-ring structure of flavonoids. These results suggest that dietary flavonoids may regulate human SULT activity and, therefore, affect the regulation of hormones and neurotransmitters, detoxification of drugs, and the bioactivation of pro- carcinogens and pro-mutagens.
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1179
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Siewerdsen J, Chen G. TU-A-303A-01: C-Arm Cone-Beam CT: Principles and Applications. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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1180
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Wolfgang J, Lee J, Sharp G, Chen G. SU-FF-J-174: Volume Rendered Cardiac Segmentation and Analysis for Breast Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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1181
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Kainz K, White J, Chen G, Li X. SU-FF-T-115: Dosimetric Comparison of Helical Tomotherapy with Conventional Techniques for Simultaneous Irradiation of Prone Breast and Regional Lymph Nodes. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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1182
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Hallman J, Mori S, Sharp G, Hong T, Chen G. SU-FF-J-99: 4D Multi-Organ Motion Analysis in Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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1183
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Lee J, Hallman J, Sharp G, Chen G, Wolfgang J. SU-FF-J-106: Volumetric Visualization of Clinical Contours, Dose, High-Definition Patient Anatomy for Four-Dimensional Adaptive Radiotherapy Treatment Planning. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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1184
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Chen G, Hu B, Qi S, Schultz C, Wang D, Li X. SU-FF-T-591: Improvement of IMRT Plan Quality with Non-Isocentric Beam Arrangement for Head and Neck Cancers. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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1185
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Sarker J, Chu A, Mui K, Wolfgang J, Hirsch A, Chen G, Sharp G. SU-FF-T-655: A Simulation of Position and Volume Errors in 4D-CT Caused by Irregular Breathing. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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1186
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Xia B, Fu X, Cai X, Chen G, Yang H, Fan M, Zhao K. Involved-field radiotherapy for patients with limited small cell lung cancer: Patterns of local-regional failure and feasibility. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.7554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7554 Background: To investigate the feasibility of the involved-field radiotherapy in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LSCLC) according to the patterns of local failure, focused on the first local-regional failure. Methods: Two clinical phase II studies for patients with LSCLC treated at our institute between 1997 and 2007 were reviewed. All patients received combined chemotherapy (CHT) with cisplatin and etoposide, and thoracic RT (TRT) was generally delivered sequentially following one to three cycles of CHT and consisted of either 56 Gy in 40 fractions for 4 weeks or 55 Gy in 22 fractions for 4–5 weeks. TRT fields encompassed primary tumor volume (post-CHT) and the involved nodal areas (pre- and post-CHT) without elective node irradiation. The local-regional failure was defined as failure within thoracic cavity and supraclavicular fossa except for pleural effusion, which was then divided into two subtypes: in-field and out-field failure according to the first occurred site in the planning target volume or not. Results: There were 89 patients completed the planed regimen and eligible for evaluating patterns of failure, 54 patients (57%) in 56 Gy cohort and 35 patients(43%) in 55 Gy cohort. The media cycles of CHT were 6 (4–8). The overall survival and local progression-free survival rates for 89 patients at 2 years were 56% and 71%, respectively, with a median survival of 25.6 months. 56 patients (63%) developed distant metastases and 21 patients (24%) developed local-regional failures: 12 in-field and 9 out-field. 8 out of 9 out-field failures occurred in the ipsilateral supraclavicular fossa, and the media duration to the end of TRT was 6 mouths (5–14). Comparing the 56 Gy and 55 Gy cohorts, the rates of any thoracic, in-field and out-field failures were no difference significantly. Conclusions: Thoracic radiotherapy using involved-field technique in patients with LSCLC resulted in a high failure rate of the supraclavicular fossa. Whether improving accuracy for the initial evaluation of clinical stage could reduce out-field failure in supraclavicular fossa need to be investigated. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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1187
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Wei J, Xie L, Qian X, Chen G, Yu L, Ding Y, Liu B. A novel model including CXCR4 and CDK6 as potential predictive marker for docetaxel (doc) sensitivity in gastric cancer (GC). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15548 Background: A growing body of evidence has shed light on biomarkers for chemotherapeutic agent sensitivity in gastric cancer (GC) treatment. It has been demonstrated β-tubulin Ш (TUBB3) and microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) might be considered as potential markers for taxanes treatment. However, an integrated predictive model for docetaxel (doc) sensitivity is still needed to customized chemotherapy in gastric cancer. Methods: Doc resistant gastric cancer cell line was established by exposure to gradually increasing doc concentration on an intermittent dosage schedule. Microarray was performed to explore different gene expression levels between parental cells and resistant cells. 11 gastrointestinal cancer cell lines were used to validate gene levels by real-time quantitative PCR as well as doc cytotoxicity. Histoculture drug response assay (HDRA) was adopted to examine doc sensitivity in 25 surgically dissected GC specimens. Discrimination analyses were used to determine which linear combinations of these genes best distinguished responder patients from nonresponder patients by adding one more genes each time. Results: After functional analysis of microarray, a panel of 11 genes were further validated, which resulting 4 genes, CXCR4 (P=0.047), CDK6 (P=0.014), USP15 (P<0.001) and CDH1 (P=0.001) that correlated to the doc sensitivity. The mRNA levels of CXCR4 and CDK6 were significantly higher in resistant GC specimens (P=0.0298, 0.022 respectively). A final response index including 5 genes (CXCR4, CDK6, USP15, TUBB3 and MAPT) showed potential predictive value for doc associated chemotherapy with an accuracy of 84% (P=0.001). Conclusions: A predictive model with five genes for doc therapy was generated and showed novel predictive role in doc sensitivity in GC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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1188
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Zhang HJ, Ji BP, Chen G, Zhou F, Luo YC, Yu HQ, Gao FY, Zhang ZP, Li HY. A combination of grape seed-derived procyanidins and gypenosides alleviates insulin resistance in mice and HepG2 cells. J Food Sci 2009; 74:H1-7. [PMID: 19200096 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of grape seed-derived procyanidins (GSP), gypenosides (GPE), and combination procyanidins/gypenosides on insulin resistance in mice and HepG2 cells. ICR mice were randomly divided into 2 control and 4 treatment groups. The control mice were to receive either normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD), and the treatment groups were fed high-fat diet with either 80 mg/kg of GSP (GSP80), GPE (GPE80), GSP + GPE (1: 1, GSP40 + GPE40), or 500 mg/kg of metformin for a 6-wk period. All the groups of mice except the normal control were on high-fat diet along with fructose (15%) administered in drinking water throughout the period of treatment. An insulin-resistant HepG2 cell model was developed after 24 h of 5 x 10(-7) mol/L insulin incubation. The treatment of GPE80 could significantly reduce the index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and increase hepatic glycogen concentration, compared with HFD group (P < 0.05). When GSP and GPE were administered simultaneously, synergic effects were observed in decreasing the HOMA-IR index and serum total cholesterol (TC) level and enhancing glucose tolerance. All treatment groups showed considerable raise of hepatic glucokinase activity (P < 0.05 compared with HFD group). GSP application increased the consumption of extracellular glucose in HepG2 cells. Our data suggest that the combination of GSP and GPE may have functional efficacy in consumers with insulin resistance.
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1189
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Zhu GH, Lee H, Lan YC, Wang XW, Joshi G, Wang DZ, Yang J, Vashaee D, Guilbert H, Pillitteri A, Dresselhaus MS, Chen G, Ren ZF. Increased phonon scattering by nanograins and point defects in nanostructured silicon with a low concentration of germanium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:196803. [PMID: 19518985 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.196803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism for phonon scattering by nanostructures and by point defects in nanostructured silicon (Si) and the silicon germanium (Ge) alloy and their thermoelectric properties are investigated. We found that the thermal conductivity is reduced by a factor of 10 in nanostructured Si in comparison with bulk crystalline Si. However, nanosize interfaces are not as effective as point defects in scattering phonons with wavelengths shorter than 1 nm. We further found that a 5 at. % Ge replacing Si is very efficient in scattering phonons shorter than 1 nm, resulting in a further thermal conductivity reduction by a factor of 2, thereby leading to a thermoelectric figure of merit 0.95 for Si95Ge5, similar to that of large grained Si80Ge20 alloys.
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1190
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Wu HS, Wang Y, Zhang CY, Gu M, Liu YX, Chen G, Wang JH, Tang Z, Mao ZS, Shen QR. Physiological and biochemical responses of in vitro Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum to benzoic acid. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2009; 54:115-22. [PMID: 19418248 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-009-0017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The allelopathic potential of an artificially applied allelochemical, benzoic acid, on in vitro Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (a soil-borne pathogen causing watermelon wilt) was evaluated. Benzoic acid strongly inhibited its growth, sporulation and conidia germination, whereas it stimulated virulence factors of this pathogen. The biomass was reduced by 83-96 % and the conidia germinating rate and conidia production rate were decreased by 100 % at a concentration of >200 mg/L. However, phytopathogenic enzyme activities and mycotoxin production were stimulated with an increase of 10.2-1250 % for enzyme activities and 610-2630 % for mycotoxin yield.
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1191
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Liu Y, Chen G, Liu Y, Li R, Wang Z, Shen D. Analysis of genetic regulation and cytokines expressions of distraction osteogenesis reconstruction for cleft palate on rhesus. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.03.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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1192
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Zhang Y, Chen G, Fang X, Cao X. Problem based learning practicing in dental alveolar education for 38 Chinese students. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.03.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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1193
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Chen G, Liu Y, Liu Y, Ma H, Wang Z, Li H. Analysis of genetic regulation and cytokine expression of distraction osteogenesis reconstruction for cleft palate on rhesus. Part I: insulin-like growth factor-I and alkaline phosphatase. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.03.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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1194
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Liu Y, Chen G, Liu Y, Wang Z, Zhu T, Qiao F. Distraction osteogenesis correction for tissue defects of cleft palate: histological, immunohistochemical and fluorescent labelling study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.03.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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1195
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Abstract
AIM To report on the management of two patients with mucosal fenestration of root apices. SUMMARY Two cases of mucosal fenestration of root apices were treated by a combination of nonsurgical root canal treatment and surgery. Root-end resection was performed to bring the root apices within the alveolus before root-end filling and packing of the bony defects with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. The areas were then covered with connective tissue grafts taken from the hard palate before repositioning the mucogingival flap. At 1 year follow-up, the mucosal fenestrations were completely healed by soft tissue graft coverage, and radiographs revealed bony healing. KEY LEARNING POINTS * Connective tissue grafts can be used to manage mucosal fenestration. * Periradicular surgery and connective tissue grafts can be used in combination.
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1196
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Hu W, Shen F, Chen G, Shen G, Liu W, Zhou J. Possible involvement of brain tumour stem cells in the emergence of a fast-growing malignant meningioma after surgical resection and radiotherapy of high-grade astrocytoma: case report and preliminary laboratory investigation. J Int Med Res 2009; 37:240-6. [PMID: 19215696 DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The case of a 62-year old man diagnosed with radiation-induced meningioma (RIM) after treatment for astrocytoma with an unusually short latency period of 7 months is reported. The patient first presented with a 2-month history of memory decline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a tumour in the left parieto-temporal lobe. Gross total resection was performed and the tumour was confirmed to be an astrocytoma. The patient received cranial radiotherapy 2 weeks later, however 7 months after radiation treatment the patient presented with headache and vomiting. MRI showed massive meningeal enhancement in the left frontal lobe, which progressively enlarged. The patient's clinical condition deteriorated and a second craniotomy was performed with complete removal of the secondary tumour, which was shown to be a malignant meningioma. Immunohistochemical staining identified CD133-positive cells in both tumours. A rare fraction of brain tumour stem cells (BTSC) was isolated from the primary astrocytoma using a serum-free culture system, suggesting that BTSC may have been involved in the rapid emergence of RIM after resection and radiation of the primary astrocytoma.
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1197
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Engel SR, Creson TK, Hao Y, Shen Y, Maeng S, Nekrasova T, Landreth GE, Manji HK, Chen G. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway contributes to the control of behavioral excitement. Mol Psychiatry 2009; 14:448-61. [PMID: 18227838 PMCID: PMC2804878 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4002135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway mediates neuronal plasticity in the CNS. The mood stabilizers lithium and valproate activate the ERK pathway in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and potentiate ERK pathway-mediated neurite growth, neuronal survival and hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we examined the role of the ERK pathway in behavioral plasticity related to facets of bipolar disorder. Mice with ERK1 ablation acquired reduced phosphorylation of RSK1, an ERK substrate, in prefrontal cortex and striatum, but not in hippocampus or cerebellum, indicating the ablation-induced brain region-specific ERK signaling deficits. ERK1 ablation produced a behavioral excitement profile similar to that induced by psychostimulants. The profile is characterized by hyperactivity, enhanced goal-directed activity and increased pleasure-related activity with potential harmful consequence. ERK1-ablated mice were hyperactive in multiple tests and resistant to behavioral despair in the forced swim test. These mice displayed more home-cage voluntary wheel running activities, rearings in a large arena and open-arm visits in an elevated plus maze. Treatments with valproate and olanzapine, but not lithium reduced baseline activities in ERK1-ablated mice. All three treatments attenuated amphetamine-induced hyperactivity in ablated mice. These data indicate a profound involvement of ERK1 signaling in behavioral excitement and in the behavioral action of antimanic agents. The extent to which ERK pathway perturbation contributes to the susceptibility, mood switch mechanism(s) and symptom pathophysiology of bipolar disorder requires further investigation. Whether there is a shared mechanism through which mood stabilizers produce their clinical actions on mood, thought and behavioral symptoms of mania also requires further investigation.
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1198
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Chen G, He CX, Xu DH, Liu L, Zhang FJ, Xu JY, Zheng CH, Gao JQ, Yan M. Composite microspheres induce the sustained release and the control of the initial release of water soluble drugs. DIE PHARMAZIE 2009; 64:284-286. [PMID: 19435149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although epidural analgesia may provide adequate pain relief and minimize systemic side effects, long-term, even permanent placement of epidural catheter for chronic or cancer-related pain management carries a potential risk of both superficial and deep infection. The development of antibiotics microspheres that could be dwelled in epidural drug-delivery devices is likely to achieve a significant advance allowing antibiotics given by the intradiscal route to control catheter-related infections. In the present study, the composite microspheres composed of double-walled microcapsules and PLGA were constructed for encapsulating water-soluble antibiotics, cefazolin. The results show that these microspheres could efficiently control the initial release of drug, which was only 3.0% at 2 h. Cefazolin encapsulated in the composite microspheres released gradually nearly in a constant rate in the first 16 days, and still maintained a relative fast rate in the next 14 days, indicating that composite microspheres could improve the incomplete release of entrapped drugs.
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1199
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Wang Y, Dai J, Zhang L, Luo X, Li Y, Chen G, Tang Y, Meng Y, Fang C. Lysobacter ximonensis sp. nov., isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:786-9. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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1200
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Chung BM, Dimri M, George M, Reddi AL, Chen G, Band V, Band H. The role of cooperativity with Src in oncogenic transformation mediated by non-small cell lung cancer-associated EGF receptor mutants. Oncogene 2009. [PMID: 19305428 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.31;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-associated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutants are constitutively active and induce ligand-independent transformation in non-malignant cell lines. We investigated the possibility that the ability of mutant EGFRs to transform cells reflects a constitutive cooperativity with Src using a system in which the overexpression of mutant, but not wild-type, EGFR induced anchorage-independent cell growth. Src was constitutively activated and showed enhanced interaction with mutant EGFRs, suggesting that constitutive EGFR-Src cooperativity may contribute to mutant EGFR-mediated oncogenesis. Indeed, the mutant EGFR-mediated cell transformation was inhibited by Src- as well as EGFR-directed inhibitors. Importantly, a tyrosine to phenylalanine mutation of the major Src phosphorylation site on EGFR, Y845, reduced the constitutive phosphorylation of NSCLC-EGFR mutants, as well as that of STAT3, Akt, Erk and Src, and reduced the mutant EGFR-Src association as well as proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent growth. Reduced anchorage-independent growth and migration were also observed when dominant-negative-Src was expressed in mutant EGFR-expressing cells. Overall, our findings show that mutant EGFR-Src interaction and cooperativity play critical roles in constitutive engagement of the downstream signaling pathways that allow NSCLC-associated EGFR mutants to mediate oncogenesis, and support the rationale to target Src-dependent signaling pathways in mutant EGFR-mediated malignancies.
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