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Thota P, Thota A, Medhi B, Sidhu S, Kumar P, Selvan VK, Singh GN. Drug safety alerts of pharmacovigilance programme of India: A scope for targeted spontaneous reporting in India. Perspect Clin Res 2018; 9:51-55. [PMID: 29430420 PMCID: PMC5799955 DOI: 10.4103/picr.picr_29_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Coordination Centre-Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (NCC-PvPI), Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission works under the aegis of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. It promotes patient safety in India and also supports postmarketing surveillance programs. Currently, almost hundred thousand case reports are submitted to NCC-PvPI each year through its 250 ADR Monitoring Centers (AMCs) located across India, and India is the one of the top ten contributor countries under WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Centre since 2012 and start issuing drug safety alerts from March 2016. AIM This study aims to highlight the drug safety alerts issued by NCC-PvPI from March 2016 to June 2017 and urgent need for further monitoring by adopting targeted spontaneous reporting (TSR) methodology at AMCs and its impact on the NCC's drug safety database, i.e., VigiFlow in India. METHODOLOGY A retrospective analysis was done for the reported unlisted ADRs by various AMCs to PvPI through VigiFlow, i.e., individual case safety report (ICSR) management system at NCC, where these unlisted drug-ADR combinations considered and issued as drug safety alerts for further reporting these to NCC, if any detected at healthcare settings during routine clinical practice by healthcare professionals. RESULTS From July 2011 to June 2017, NCC-PvPI was collated 250,787 ICSRs and contributed to WHO international drug safety database, i.e., VigiBase, from these ICSRs; NCC-PvPI was issued 56 drug safety alerts from March 2016 to June 2017. CONCLUSION In India, spontaneous reporting of ADRs existed since 1998 under passive surveillance method, but there is an urgent need to initiate TSR, which is a complementary method to spontaneous reporting on these drug safety alerts for further regulatory action by Central Drugs Standard Control Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Thota
- Department of Life Sciences, IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Anusha Thota
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shabir Sidhu
- Department of Life Sciences, IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V. Kalai Selvan
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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202
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Sarma P, Sharma P, Singh R, Mishra A, Kumar H, Bhattacharyya A, Harikrishnareddy D, Singh A, Medhi B. Status of Cancer Research in India. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 2018. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2018/49302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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203
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Kiran DVR, Gupta AK, Medhi B, Kapoor R, Pandey N. An intervention to evaluate & improve handling of cancer drugs in a tertiary care hospital in India. Indian J Med Res 2017; 146:285-287. [PMID: 29265032 PMCID: PMC5761041 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1592_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D V R Kiran
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
| | - Anil Kumar Gupta
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
| | - Rakesh Kapoor
- Department of Radiotherapy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
| | - Navin Pandey
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
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204
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Sarma P, Muktesh G, Dhaka N, Ruhela R, Mishra A, Singh R, Sinha SK, Medhi B, Kochhar R. Terlipressin-induced Peripheral Ischemic Gangrene in a Diabetic Patient. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2017; 8:148-150. [PMID: 29081628 PMCID: PMC5642133 DOI: 10.4103/jpp.jpp_42_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Terlipressin is used commonly in the management of hepatorenal syndrome and acute variceal bleeding. Like its parent compound vasopressin, it is also notorious for its ischemic complications. Terlipressin-induced ischemic complications can virtually affect any part of the body, but the incidence of serious complications is less than its parent compound vasopressin. Here, we report a case of terlipressin-induced peripheral ischemic gangrene in a diabetic male, which ultimately led to death of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Muktesh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Narender Dhaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Ruhela
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Saroj K Sinha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Kochhar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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205
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Sinha S, Sarma P, Sehgal R, Medhi B. Development in Assay Methods for in Vitro Antimalarial Drug Efficacy Testing: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:754. [PMID: 29123481 PMCID: PMC5662882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of drug resistance are the major challenges in malaria eradication mission. Besides various strategies laid down by World Health Organization, such as vector management, source reduction, early case detection, prompt treatment, and development of new diagnostics and vaccines, nevertheless the need for new and efficacious drugs against malaria has become a critical priority on the global malaria research agenda. At several screening stages, millions of compounds are screened (1,000–2,000,000 compounds per screening campaign), before pre-clinical trials to select optimum lead. Carrying out in vitro screening of antimalarials is very difficult as different assay methods are subject to numerous sources of variability across different laboratories around the globe. Despite this, in vitro screening is an essential part of antimalarial drug development as it enables to resource various confounding factors such as host immune response and drug–drug interaction. Therefore, in this article, we try to illustrate the basic necessity behind in vitro study and how new methods are developed and subsequently adopted for high-throughput antimalarial drug screening and its application in achieving the next level of in vitro screening based on the current approaches (such as stem cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sinha
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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206
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Affiliation(s)
- Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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207
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Sewal RK, Modi M, Saikia UN, Chakrabarti A, Medhi B. Increase in seizure susceptibility in sepsis like condition explained by spiking cytokines and altered adhesion molecules level with impaired blood brain barrier integrity in experimental model of rats treated with lipopolysaccharides. Epilepsy Res 2017; 135:176-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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208
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Kumar B, Modi M, Saikia B, Medhi B. Evaluation of Brain Pharmacokinetic and Neuropharmacodynamic Attributes of an Antiepileptic Drug, Lacosamide, in Hepatic and Renal Impairment: Preclinical Evidence. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1589-1597. [PMID: 28324653 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of antiepileptic drugs is helpful in optimizing drug therapy for epilepsy. This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of lacosamide in experimentally induced hepatic and renal impairment in seizure animals. Hepatic or renal impairment was induced by injection of carbon tetrachloride or diclofenac sodium, respectively. After induction, the animals were administered a single dose of lacosamide. At different time points, maximal electroshock (MES) seizure recordings were made followed by isolation of plasma and brain samples for drug quantification and pharmacodynamic measurements. Our results showed a significant increase in the area under the curve of lacosamide in hepatic and renal impairment groups. Reduced clearance of lacosamide was observed in animals with renal impairment. Along with pharmacokinetic alterations, the changes in pharmacodynamic effects of lacosamide were also observed in all the groups. Lacosamide showed a significant protection against MES-induced seizures, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammatory cytokines. These findings revealed that experimentally induced hepatic or renal impairment could alter the pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic properties of lacosamide. Hence, these conditions may affect the safety and efficacy of lacosamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldeep Kumar
- Department
of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Manish Modi
- Department
of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Biman Saikia
- Department
of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department
of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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209
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Medhi B. Changing trends in pharmacology…. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 49:143-144. [PMID: 28706326 PMCID: PMC5497435 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.208138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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210
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Sarotra P, Medhi B, Kaushal V, Kanwar V, Gupta Y, Gupta AK. Health care professional training in biomedical waste management at a tertiary care hospital in India. J Biomed Res 2017; 30:168-170. [PMID: 28276671 PMCID: PMC4820894 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.28.20140060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sarotra
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India.,Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India;
| | - Vipin Kaushal
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India
| | - Vikrant Kanwar
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India
| | - Yogesh Gupta
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India
| | - Anil Kumar Gupta
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India
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211
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Soni S, Ruhela RK, Medhi B. Nanomedicine in Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders: A Present and Future Prospective. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:319-335. [PMID: 27766216 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: For the past few decades central nervous system disorders were considered as a major strike on human health and social system of developing countries. The natural therapeutic methods for CNS disorders limited for many patients. Moreover, nanotechnology-based drug delivery to the brain may an exciting and promising platform to overcome the problem of BBB crossing. In this review, first we focused on the role of the blood-brain barrier in drug delivery; and second, we summarized synthesis methods of nanomedicine and their role in different CNS disorder. Method: We reviewed the PubMed databases and extracted several kinds of literature on neuro nanomedicines using keywords, CNS disorders, nanomedicine, and nanotechnology. The inclusion criteria included chemical and green synthesis methods for synthesis of nanoparticles encapsulated drugs and, their in-vivo and in-vitro studies. We excluded nanomedicine gene therapy and nanomaterial in brain imaging. Results: In this review, we tried to identify a highly efficient method for nanomedicine synthesis and their efficacy in neuronal disorders. SLN and PNP encapsulated drugs reported highly efficient by easily crossing BBB. Although, these neuro-nanomedicine play significant role in therapeutics but some metallic nanoparticles reported the adverse effect on developing the brain. Conclusion: Although impressive advancement has made via innovative potential drug development, but their efficacy is still moderate due to limited brain permeability. To overcome this constraint,powerful tool in CNS therapeutic intervention provided by nanotechnology-based drug delivery methods. Due to its small and biofunctionalization characteristics, nanomedicine can easily penetrate and facilitate the drug through the barrier. But still, understanding of their toxicity level, optimization and standardization are a long way to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shringika Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Ruhela
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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212
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Misra S, Chopra K, Saikia UN, Sinha VR, Sehgal R, Modi M, Medhi B. Effect of mesenchymal stem cells and galantamine nanoparticles in rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Regen Med 2016; 11:629-46. [PMID: 27582416 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study investigated the efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in combination with galantamine hydrobromide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (GH-SLNs) in intracerebroventricular (ICV)-isoproterenol-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS & METHODS BM-MSCs were harvested by dissecting femur and tibia of 8-10-week-old Wistar rats. 1 × 10(6) cells were administered intravenously once in ICV-isoproterenol-induced rats followed by GH-SLNs (5 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. RESULTS & CONCLUSION ICV-isoproterenol resulted in significant memory deficit. The results demonstrated rapid regain of memory in isoproterenol-induced amnesic rats, following single intravenous administration of BM-MSCs and oral administration of GH-SLNs for 21 days. The combination of BM-MSCs and GH-SLNs produced a more pronounced protective effect, therefore, could be explored for the management of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Misra
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vivek Ranjan Sinha
- Pharmaceutics Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Manish Modi
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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213
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Medhi B, Sewal RK, Modi M, Saikia UN, Chakrabarti A. Enhance in pentylenetetrazole or maximal electro shock induced seizures in experimental models of ulcerative colitis: An interplay of altered cytokines level, adhesion molecules, blood brain barrier disruption. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.02.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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214
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Misra S, Chopra K, Medhi B. P2‐043: Galantamine Nanoparticles Improved The Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells When Given in Combination in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Misra
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab UniversityChandigarhIndia
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
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215
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Kaur H, Kumar B, Medhi B. Antiepileptic drugs in development pipeline: A recent update. eNeurologicalSci 2016; 4:42-51. [PMID: 29430548 PMCID: PMC5803110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder which significantly affects the quality of life and poses a health as well as economic burden on society. Epilepsy affects approximately 70 million people in the world. The present article reviews the scientific rationale, brief pathophysiology of epilepsy and newer antiepileptic drugs which are presently under clinical development. We have searched the investigational drugs using the key words ‘antiepileptic drugs,’ ‘epilepsy,’ ‘Phase I,’ ‘Phase II’ and ‘Phase III’ in American clinical trial registers (clinicaltrials.gov), the relevant published articles using National Library of Medicine's PubMed database, company websites and supplemented results with a manual search of cross-references and conference abstracts. This review provides a brief description about the antiepileptic drugs which are targeting different mechanisms and the clinical development status of these drugs. Besides the presence of old as well as new AEDs, still there is a need of new drugs or the modified version of old drugs in order to make affected people free of seizures. An optimistic approach should be used to translate the success of preclinical testing to clinical practice. There is an urgent need to improve animal models and to explore new targets with better understanding in order to develop the novel drugs with more efficacy and safety. This review primarily focused on antiepileptic drugs under clinical development. The more realistic approach is needed to discover and develop the novel antiepileptic drugs. Modification of conventional drugs or search of newer targets can lead to development of promising antiepileptic drugs. To develop more efficacious and safe drugs for treatment of epilepsy and refractory seizures There are a number of novel antiepileptic compounds which are under various stages of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Baldeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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216
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Bhansali S, Kumar V, Saikia UN, Medhi B, Jha V, Bhansali A, Dutta P. Effect of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on glycaemic profile & their localization in streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats. Indian J Med Res 2016; 142:63-71. [PMID: 26261168 PMCID: PMC4557252 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.162116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Bone marrow is a rich source of adult stem cells that can differentiate into various cell types. Administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in irradiated diabetic rat model has transiently shown to decrease blood glucose level. This study examines the effect of high dose and multiple injections of MSCs on glycemic profile, their localization and regeneration of islet in diabetic Wistar rat. METHODS The study was carried out in male Wistar rats categorized into three groups (n=6, in each group): Group 1 as control, group 2 streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg) induced diabetic group and group 3 experimental group; 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labelled allogenic MSCs were injected in the non-irradiated diabetic rat of the experimental group through tail vein. The blood glucose profile was subsequently monitored at regular intervals. Rats were sacrificed on day 45 and pancreas was examined for localization of BrdU labelled stem cells by immunofluorescence and islet-neogenesis by immunohistochemistry . RESULTS There was a significant reduction in blood glucose level after administration of MSCs in the experimental group (P<0.001). The presence of BrdU labelled MSCs in islet suggested their localization in the pancreas. Co-expression of anti-BrdU and anti-insulin antibody indicated trans-differentiation / fusion into insulin producing cells evidenced by significant increase in total number of islet (P=0.004) and insulin positive cells ( P<0.0001) in experimental group. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the MSCs administration in non-irradiated diabetic Wistar rat reduced hyperglycaemia and was accompanied by increased islet-neogenesis, possibly through trans-differentiation/fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pinaki Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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217
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Saini VK, Sewal RK, Ahmad Y, Medhi B. Prospective Observational Study of Adverse Drug Reactions of Anticancer Drugs Used in Cancer Treatment in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Indian J Pharm Sci 2016; 77:687-93. [PMID: 26997696 PMCID: PMC4778228 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.174990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions associated with the use of anticancer drugs are a worldwide problem and cannot be ignored. Adverse drug reactions can range from nausea, vomiting or any other mild reaction to severe myelosuppression. The study was planned to observe the suspected adverse drug reactions of cancer chemotherapy in patients aged >18 years having cancer attending Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh. During the study period, 101 patients of breast cancer and 73 patients of lung cancer were screened for occurrence of adverse drug reactions during their treatment with chemotherapy. About 87.36% patients experienced adverse drug reactions, 90.09% and 83.56% of breast and lung cancer patients experienced at least one adverse drug reaction respectively. In breast cancer patients, 41.58% patients were prescribed fluorouracil+doxorubicin+cyclophosphamide while paclitaxel was prescribed to 22.77% patients. Alopecia (54.94%), nail discolouration (43.96%), dysgeusia (38.46%), anorexia (30.77%), nausea (29.67%), and neuropathy (29.67%) were found to be very common in breast cancer patients treated with single/combined regimen. In lung cancer group of patients, cisplatin with docetaxel, cisplatin with pemetrexed and cisplatin with irinotecan were prescribed to 30.14, 24.65 and 17.81% patients, respectively. Dysgeusia (40.98%), diarrhoea (39.34%), anorexia (32.77%) and constipation (31.15%) and alopecia (31.15%) were commonly observed adverse drug reactions having lung cancer patients. Causality assessments using World Health Organization causality assessment scale showed that observed adverse drug reactions were of probable (64.67%) and possible (35.33%) categories. Alopecia, dysgeusia, anorexia, constipation diarrhoea, nausea, nail discoloration were more prevalent amongst the cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Saini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun-248 007, India
| | - R K Sewal
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160 012, India
| | - Yusra Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun-248 007, India
| | - B Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160 012, India
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218
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Bhansali S, Kumar V, Saikia UN, Medhi B, Jha V, Bhansali A, Dutta P. Authors' response. Indian J Med Res 2016; 143:112-3. [PMID: 26997025 PMCID: PMC4822353 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.178621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
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Mittal N, Mittal R, Kumar H, Medhi B. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials. Perspect Clin Res 2016; 7:21-7. [PMID: 26955572 PMCID: PMC4763513 DOI: 10.4103/2229-3485.173777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors represent a novel class of antidiabetic drugs. The reporting quality of the trials evaluating the efficacy of these agents for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus has not been explored. Our aim was to assess the reporting quality of such randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and to identify the predictors of reporting quality. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for RCTs published till 12 June 2014. Two independent investigators carried out the searches and assessed the reporting quality on three parameters: Overall quality score (OQS) using Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 statement, Jadad score and intention to treat analysis. Inter-rater agreements were compared using Cohen's weighted kappa statistic. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to identify the predictors. Results: Thirty-seven relevant RCTs were included in the present analysis. The median OQS was 17 with a range from 8 to 21. On Jadad scale, the median score was three with a range from 0 to 5. Complete details about allocation concealment and blinding were present in 21 and 10 studies respectively. Most studies lacked an elaborate discussion on trial limitations and generalizability. Among the factors identified as significantly associated with reporting quality were the publishing journal and region of conduct of RCT. Conclusions: The key methodological items remain poorly reported in most studies. Strategies like stricter adherence to CONSORT guidelines by journals, access to full trial protocols to gain valuable information and full collaboration among investigators and methodologists might prove helpful in improving the quality of published RCT reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niti Mittal
- Department of Pharmacology, Pt. B.D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Mittal
- Department of Pharmacology, Pt. B.D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases in humans and most common cause of death in twenty-first century. New cancer therapies are urgently required because of the existing pharmacological side effects of the conventional chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery. Newer modalities such as cancer vaccines and biological therapies are proving very helpful in the treatment of cancer along with the conventional therapies. The success of these novel cancer therapies is attributed to their lesser toxicity and the specific killing of the cancer cells. Bacterial therapy for cancer has been recognized a century ago. Live, attenuated, or genetically modified obligate or facultative anaerobic bacterial species exhibit the inherent property of colonizing the tumors and are capable of multiplying selectively inside the tumors, thereby inhibiting cancerous growths. The bacteria and their spores are used in the target specific therapies, delivering the prodrugs and the various proteins to the tumors. Albeit bacterial treatment of cancer is providing new perspective in the treatment of disease, the use of microorganisms to target tumors has certain confinements. The biosafety, genetic instability and the confounded interaction of the bacteria with treatment drugs, requires the more noteworthy consideration regarding the use of this novel treatment in the cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sarotra
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Kumari R, Kaur S, Singla N, Medhi B, Dhandapani M. A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Effectiveness of Oral Rehydration Solution on the Natremic Status of Operated Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. IJNS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1570310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renu Kumari
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Nursing Education (NINE), PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhpal Kaur
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Nursing Education (NINE), PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Navneet Singla
- Department of Neurosurgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Dhandapani
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Nursing Education (NINE), PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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Harikrishnareddy D, Medhi B. Book review. J Chem Neuroanat 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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224
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Kumar S, Kumar R, Medhi B, R. Sinha V. Novel Strategies for Effective Actinic Keratosis Treatment: A Review. CCTR 2015. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394711666150825213929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Misra S, Chopra K, Sinha VR, Medhi B. Galantamine-loaded solid–lipid nanoparticles for enhanced brain delivery: preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:1434-43. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1089956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Misra
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India,
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India, and
| | - V. R. Sinha
- Pharmaceutics Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India,
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Kumar S, Bansal YS, Singh D, Medhi B. Alcohol and Drug Use in Injured Drivers - An Emergency Room Study in a Regional Tertiary Care Centre of North West India. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:HC01-4. [PMID: 26393144 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/14840.6239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statistics show an increasing proportion of alcohol and drug use in drivers in more recent times throughout the world. It has been found that among the various human factors, alcohol consumption, using drugs and subsequent driving on the roads are major risk factors. Traffic regulations in India penalises drivers who drive beyond permissible alcohol limit of 30 mg%. Consumption of psychoactive drugs such as opioid, cannabis and benzodiazepines has been reported mainly among youngsters. Hardly any data is available in Indian context particularly from North-West Zone of India. STUDY OBJECTIVE To study the pattern of alcohol, opioid, cannabis and benzodiazepines use in injured drivers presenting to a designated trauma centre in Chandigarh zone of North-West India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consenting injured drivers who presented to the trauma centre in Chandigarh from September 2013 to January 2014 were included. Urine samples collected from the subjects were screened for abusive drug exposure (opioid, cannabis and benzodiazepines) and alcohol using commercial bedside urine immunoassay kits. In urine alcohol positive cases blood samples were collected and analysed for alcohol concentration using standard gas chromatography. Retrograde extrapolation method was used to assess BAC at the time of accident. RESULTS A total of 200 injured drivers were included in this study. We found substance consumption in 54.5% of drivers and alcohol (40.5%) was the most prevalent substance consumed followed by opiates (13%), cannabis (7%) and benzodiazepines (7%). More than one substance was shown in urine of 11.5% of drivers. Among 81 alcohol positive screening cases, the quantitative analysis was successfully done for 76 cases. Except one, all cases showed BAC value more than 30 mg% which is the legal limit for driving any vehicle in India. The values of alcohol concentration in blood at the time of accident were in the range of 20 to 391 mg%. CONCLUSION This study has shown that drivers are consuming not only alcohol but other psychoactive drugs also. Indian traffic regulatory authorities are penalising drunk drivers by doing road side breath alcohol testing with no protocols for drug screening. Appropriate measures should be adopted to screen traffic offenders for psychoactive drugs also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kumar
- Senior Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine, PGIMER , Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Dalbir Singh
- Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, PGIMER , Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Additional Professor, Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER , Chandigarh, India
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Medhi B, Misra S, Sinha V, Modi M. P4‐161: Galantamine‐loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization, and pharmacodynamics evaluations. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Medhi
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Shubham Misra
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - V.R. Sinha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesChandigarhIndia
| | - Manish Modi
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
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Misra S, Chopra K, Saikia UN, Medhi B. P1‐312: Improved efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells by co‐administration with galantamine in a tau hyperphophorylated model of Alzheimer's disease in rats. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Misra
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesPanjab UniversityChandigarhIndia
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
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Sewal RK, Saini VK, Medhi B. Forensic pharmacovigilance: Newer dimension of pharmacovigilance. J Forensic Leg Med 2015; 34:113-8. [PMID: 26165669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug safety for the patients is of paramount importance for a medical professional. Pharmacovigilance attempts to ensure the safety of patients by keeping a close vigil on the pattern of adverse events secondary to drug use. Number of medicolegal cases is at rise since last few years. Forensic sciences and pharmacovigilance need to work hand in hand to unlock the mystery of many criminal and civil proceedings. Pharmacovigilance offers its wide scope in forensic sciences by putting forward its expertise on adverse profile of drugs which may be instrumental in solving the cases and bringing the justice forth. It may range from as simple affairs as defining the adverse drug reaction on one hand to putting expert advice in critical criminal cases on the other one. Pharmacovigilance experts have to abide by the ethics of the practice while executing their duties as expert else it may tarnish the justice and loosen its dependability. As a budding discipline of science, it is confronted with several hurdles and challenges which include reluctance of medical professionals for being involved in court proceedings, extrapolations of facts and data and variations in law across the globe etc. These challenges and hurdles call the medical fraternity come forward to work towards the momentous application of pharmacovigilance in the forensic sciences. Evidence based practice e.g. testing the biological samples for the presence of drugs may prove to be pivotal in the success of this collaboration of sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Sewal
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Vikas K Saini
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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230
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Achuthan S, Medhi B. A systematic review of the pharmacological approaches against snoring: can we count on the chickens that have hatched? Sleep Breath 2015; 19:1035-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-015-1123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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231
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Harikrishnareddy D, Misra S, Upadhyay S, Modi M, Medhi B. Roots to start research in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: molecular pathways and novel therapeutics for future. Rev Neurosci 2015; 26:161-81. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurological disease that rapidly progresses from mild motor symptoms to severe motor paralysis and premature death. There is currently no cure for this devastating disease; most ALS patients die of respiratory failure generally within 3–5 years from the onset of signs and symptoms. Approximately 90% of ALS cases are sporadic in nature, with no clear associated risk factors. It is reported that ALS is a complex and multifaceted neurodegenerative disease. Less is known about the key factors involved in the sporadic form of the disease. The intricate pathogenic mechanisms that target motor neurons in ALS includes oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, protein aggregation, glia and neuroinflammation pathology, defective axonal transport, and aberrant RNA metabolism. Despite aggressive research, no therapy has been yet proven to completely reverse the core symptoms of the disease. Riluzole is the only drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration and recommended by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence so far proven to be successful against ALS and may prevent progression and extend life for a few months or so. This article provides a novel understanding in key findings of pathogenesis and interventions currently under investigation to slow disease progression in ALS.
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Medhi B, Misra S, Avti PK, Kumar P, Kumar H, Singh B. Role of neuroimaging in drug development. Rev Neurosci 2014; 25:663-73. [PMID: 24960151 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of new molecular imaging techniques has bridged the gap between preclinical and clinical research. During the last decade, the developments in imaging strategies have taken a great leap by the advancements in new imaging scanners, development of pharmaceutical drugs, diagnostic agents, and new therapeutic regimens that made significant improvements in health care. The knowledge gained from imaging techniques in preclinical research can be applicable to the patients. Similarly, the problems from clinical studies with humans can be tested and studied in preclinical studies. The appropriate application of molecular imaging to drug discovery and development can markedly reduce costs and the time required for new drug development. Some imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), reveal anatomical images, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), SPECT/positron emission tomography (PET), and PET show functional images. These developing molecular or neuroimaging methods provide increasingly detailed structural and functional information about the nervous system. The basic principles of each technique are described followed by examples of the current applications to cutting-edge neuroscience research. In summary, it is shown that neuroimaging continues to grow and evolve, embracing new technologies and advancing to address ever more complex and important neuroscience questions.
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Abstract
Over the past six decades, the drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum has become an issue of utmost concern. Despite the remarkable progress that has been made in recent years in reducing the mortality rate to about 30% with the scaling-up of vector control, introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapies and other malaria control strategies, the confirmation of artemisinin resistance on the Cambodia–Thailand border threatened all the previous success. This review addresses the global scenario of antimalarial resistance and factors associated with it, with the main emphasis on futuristic approaches like nanotechnology and stem cell therapy that may impede resistant malaria, along with novel medications which are preparing to enter the global antimalarial market. These novel studies are likely to escalate over the coming years and will hopefully help to reduce the burden of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sinha
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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234
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Chandel S, Prakash A, Medhi B. Current scenario in inflammatory bowel disease: drug development prospects. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 67:224-9. [PMID: 25712643 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathophysiology have led to the development of various compounds that might ameliorate the disease process. Recently several failures in terms of developing disease-modifying therapies needs to be communicated effectively as per their process and cause which have led to a debate about the potential deficiencies in our understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD and choice of therapeutic targets. So that the thoroughly development of drug candidates and study design of clinical trials is done. METHODS Various online medical databases were searched for relevant study and publications. Different clinical trials were reviewed and the available data in clinical trials describing the effective drug development status of IBD medications. RESULTS The aminosalicylates, anti-inflammatory and biological molecules tested for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) but the risks of common and rare adverse events were found with treatment. Antibiotics and steroid help in reducing the immune response but further studies required on each molecule to substantiate treatment strategies. There has been significant research on different drug molecules as per the phase, which is summarized in this review. CONCLUSIONS Preclinical research on the complex IBD puzzle coupled with an active and vibrant research agenda in recent decades which might reveal patterns of pharmacological interactions instead of single potential drug targets. The increased collaboration between pharmaceutical companies, basic researchers and clinical researchers has the potential to bring us closer to developing an optimum pharmaceutical approach for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shammy Chandel
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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235
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Prakash A, Chopra K, Medhi B. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor improves Parkinson's disease associated with co-morbid depression: an experimental exploratory study. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 45:612-5. [PMID: 24347771 PMCID: PMC3847253 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.121374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by muscle and movement disorder, often associated with depression. PD is very difficult to treat. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of G-CSF in PD associated with depression. Materials and Methods: Adult Wistar male rats weighing about 180-250 g were selected and divided into five groups in parallel designed method namely; control group (n = 5); sham operated group (n = 5); Vehicle group (n = 5); G-CSF group (70 μg/kg, s.c.) (n = 5) and L-DOPA group (n = 5). The rats were treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on day 0 and then treatment was continued for 14 day of L-DOPA/carbidopa, whereas G-CSF (70 μg/kg, s.c.) was given from day 1 to 6. Thereafter, adhesive removal and forced swim tests were conducted to evaluate the behavioral outcome of G-CSF treatment. The finding was correlated and analyzed with Nissl staining findings for the final conclusion. Results: The behavioral parameters were assessed and found to be ameliorate the symptoms of Parkinson's and reduced the depression like behavior in PD. The histological findings were supported the behavioral findings and showed pathological improvement. Conclusion: As a preliminary work, the present study first time suggested that G-CSF have a potential role in PD and associated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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236
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Harikrishna Reddy D, Misra S, Medhi B. Advances in Drug Development for Parkinson's Disease: Present Status. Pharmacology 2014; 93:260-71. [DOI: 10.1159/000362419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Akhtar R, Chandel S, Sarotra P, Medhi B. Current status of pharmacological treatment of colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2014; 6:177-183. [PMID: 24936228 PMCID: PMC4058725 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v6.i6.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To review the clinical trials for the development in drugs for chemotherapeutic treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC).
METHODS: A systematic review identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing drugs for the treatment of CRC or adenomatous polyps from www.clinicaltrials.gov. Various online medical databases were searched for relevant publications.
RESULTS: Combination treatment regimens of standard drugs with newer agents have been shown to improve overall survival, disease-free survival, time to progression and quality of life compared to that with standard drugs alone in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The FOLFOXIRI regimen has been associated with a significantly higher response rate, progression-free survival and overall survival compared to the FOLFIRI regimen.
CONCLUSION: Oxaliplatin plus intravenous bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin has been shown to be superior for disease-free survival when compared to intravenous bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin. In addition, oxaliplatin regimens were more likely to result in successful surgical resections. First line treatment with cetuximab plus fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan has been found to reduce the risk of metastatic progression in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-positive colorectal cancer with unresectable metastases. The addition of bevacizumab has been shown to significantly increase overall and progression-free survival when given in combination with standard therapy.
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Sewal RK, Singh PK, Prakash A, Kumar B, Medhi B. A prospective study to evaluate awareness about medication errors amongst health-care personnel representing North, East, West Regions of India. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2014; 4:43-6. [PMID: 24600578 PMCID: PMC3931214 DOI: 10.4103/2229-516x.125694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Medication errors are prevalent in the hospital settings. To ensure the patient safety and provide better health services, medication errors should be curbed. India is still lacking the regulatory system for the control of medication errors. Therefore, a stringent regulatory set up should be established to reduce medication errors. Awareness among the health-care professionals regarding medication errors may be the major factor in the establishment of successful regulatory system. In Indian context, no study has been reported about the awareness of medication errors. Therefore, this study assessed the awareness of the health-care professionals representing North, East and West regions of India about medication errors. These health-care professionals also included the students who were in the final phase of professional courses related to health management. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire comprising of 17 questions pertaining to different aspects of medication errors was prepared. Questionnaire was distributed to 456 health-care professionals of various institutes of North, East and West India. Respondents of the questionnaire were restricted to one sitting for answering the entire questionnaire and they were not allowed to consult with anyone for the purpose of answering the questions. Data was compiled and analyzed. Results: It has been found that 18.45%, 39.48%, 14.16%, 27.9% of respondents were having excellent, good, average, poor knowledge respectively regarding the fundamentals of medication error. Knowledge regarding reporting medication errors was excellent in 56.65%, good in 22.53%, average in 09.23% and poor in 11.59% of respondents. Conclusion: The outcome of this study may be of great help in drafting the regulatory policies to curb the problem of medication errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Sewal
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pawan K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Baldeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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240
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Kaur H, Prakash A, Medhi B. Drug therapy in stroke: from preclinical to clinical studies. Pharmacology 2013; 92:324-34. [PMID: 24356194 DOI: 10.1159/000356320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is one of the major challenges to health and the reason for increasing disability-adjusted life years. Despite tremendous progress in preclinical studies, none of the treatment options has proven efficacious in clinical studies. The basic aim of neuroprotection is to interfere with the events of the ischemic cascade, halt the pathological processes and prevent the death of vulnerable nerve cells in the ischemic penumbra. SUMMARY This review will provide a brief overview of the current understanding of stroke, including the global epidemiology of stroke, its pathophysiology, the targeting of specific pathways and the success and failure of preclinical as well as clinical studies, and it will discuss the emerging targets for novel therapeutic strategies under investigation. KEY MESSAGES New advancing investigational drugs for the prevention and treatment of stroke are on the way and may someday give hope to neuroscientists and clinicians. A novel approach should adopt preclinical testing, advance the understanding of the pathophysiology of stroke and make it possible to translate it from bench to bedside. We should learn from the past failures and move on with more enthusiasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Vashishth K, Singh R, Medhi B. Effect of in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs on cognitive function in children. Pharmacology 2013; 92:315-8. [PMID: 24335199 DOI: 10.1159/000355172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy, being one of the most common neurological disorders, has raised concerns in developed and developing countries. Due to its heterogeneous pathophysiology and different cellular, molecular and genetic mechanisms, it is becoming a threat worldwide. Despite wide availability of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), epilepsy still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among the pediatric and geriatric populations. Commonly available AED therapies include sodium and calcium channel blockers, GABA agonists, and potassium channel activists. Along with beneficial effects, AEDs have been known to cause teratogenic responses, learning disabilities, malfunctions of different organs, and drug-induced syndrome. Nowadays, AED-related cognitive impairment is emerging as a serious condition, affecting children born to epileptic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanupriya Vashishth
- Department of Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Kaur N, Medhi B. Comment on “Gabapentin Versus Chlordiazepoxide for Outpatient Alcohol Detoxification Treatment”. Ann Pharmacother 2013; 47:1742. [DOI: 10.1177/1060028013509791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Medhi B, Mittal N, Bansal D, Prakash A, Sarangi SC, Nirthi B. Comparison of tolterodine with standard treatment in pediatric patients with non-neurogenic dysfunctional voiding/over active bladder: a systematic review. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 57:343-353. [PMID: 24968572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To examine the efficacy, safety and tolerability of tolterodine in children with overactive bladder in comparison with standard treatment i.e. oxybutynin as demonstrated in randomized clinical trials and other studies. A systematic search was done to screen the studies evaluating the effect of tolterodine in children with non-neurogenic overactive bladder. Results of studies were pooled and compared. Efficacy was determined from micturition diaries and dysfunctional voiding symptoms score. Safety and tolerability were assessed from the reported treatment emergent adverse events. A total of six randomized clinical trials and 11 other studies of tolterodine in children with urinary incontinence were included in the present systematic review. The dose of tolterodine used in different settings ranged from '0.5 to 8 mg/day' instead of '0.5 to 8 mg/kg per day' and the duration of studies ranged from 2 weeks to 12 months. Both extended and immediate release preparations of tolterodine were shown to have comparable efficacy and tolterodine proved to have comparable efficacy with better tolerability than oxybutynin in these studies. It can be concluded that tolterodine is efficacious in treatment of urinary incontinence in children. Moreover, its efficacy is comparable to oxybutynin, the most commonly prescribed anticholinergic in this condition, while having better tolerability. Hence, it can be considered as first line therapy for the treatmentof urinary incontinence in children.
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Medhi B, Kaur S, Sarangi S, Prakash A, Dutta U, KOCHHAR R. PP169—Pioglitazone in Mild to Moderate Ulcerative Colitis: A Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial. Clin Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.07.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Medhi B. Effect of artimisinin compound in experimentally induced colon carcinogenesis. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.01.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Prakash A, Medhi B, Chopra K. P2–384: Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) alone and in combination with memantine improves not only memory but also co‐morbid associated depression in a beta‐amyloid‐induced experimental model of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Prakash
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India
| | | | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Univ Inst Pharm Sci, Panjab University, Chandigarh ‐ 160 014 INDIA Chandigarh India
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D.S. PB, Medhi B, Prakash A, Chakrabarti A, Vaiphei K, Khanduja KL. Comparative evaluation of different doses of PPAR-γ agonist alone and in combination with sulfasalazine in experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:951-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Prakash A, Medhi B, Chopra K. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) improves memory and neurobehavior in an amyloid-β induced experimental model of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 110:46-57. [PMID: 23756182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
GCSF is an endogenous neuronal hematopoietic factor that displays robust in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of GCSF on Aβ-induced memory loss in an Alzheimer's disease model of rats. A total of 42 male adult Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used in the study and were divided into 7 experimental groups. Animals were subjected to intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection stereotaxically at day 0 to instill amyloid-β(1-42) (Aβ(1-42)) or PBS (sham operated group) at 10 μl (5 μl bilaterally). GCSF treatment was given from day 7 to 12 of Aβ injection. On day 21, behavioral tests (short term memory, exploratory behavior and motor coordination) in all groups were evaluated. Biochemical parameters and RNA expression were measured to ensure the efficacy of GCSF. GCSF (35 and 70 μg/kg, s.c.) showed statistically significant improvement in memory as compared to control and sham operated groups (p<0.05). Mean time spent in the platform placed quadrant was found to be significantly increased in the GCSF (70 μg/kg, s.c.) as compared to GCSF (35 μg/kg, s.c.) and GCSF (10 μg/kg, s.c.) groups (p<0.001). GCSF (35 and 70 μg/kg, s.c.) also improved motor coordination and exploratory behavior significantly as compared to naïve sham operated and GCSF (10 μg/kg, s.c.) groups (p<0.05). Improvement in memory by GCSF (35 and 70 μg/kg, s.c.) was coupled with marked reduction of lipid peroxidation, acetylcholinesterase levels and a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes as well as total RNA expression in the brain. Additionally, GCSF (35 and 70 μg/kg, s.c.) significantly increased progenitor cells (iPSCs) and surface marker CD34+ in the brain and hence induced neurogenesis. The present findings demonstrate an improvement of memory and neurobehavioral function with GCSF in Aβ-induced Alzheimer's disease model in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Prakash
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
Relentless progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a grave situation for the biomedical community to tackle. Agents starting as hot favorites in clinical trials have failed in later stages and it is time we reconsidered our approaches to intervene the disease. Quite some interesting work in the last decade has introduced a new school of thought which factors in neuronal glycemic imbalance as a major component for the development of AD. Insulin resistance in the brain has brought forward subsequent sequelae which might work towards amyloid accretion and/or tau hyperphosphorylation. It is also pointed out that insulin works by distributing iron to neuronal tissue and an insulin resistant state throws it off gear leading to iron overloading of neurons which is ultimately detrimental. A relatively recent investigation finds the role of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK3) in AD which also seems to bear a link with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Research Block B, 4th Floor, Room No. 4043, Chandigarh, 160012, India,
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