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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is the third most frequent cardiovascular disease besides myocardial infarction and stroke. Because DVT may cause life-threatening conditions, treatment should be started as soon as possible. This comprises certain challenges in special populations. Areas covered: In cancer-associated VTE, current treatment is different from non-cancer VTE due to disease-related interventions and higher bleeding risks. In the treatment of patients with extensive DVT, the role of catheter-directed thrombolysis has been investigated in two randomized trials, but results do not yield a recommendation for standard thrombolysis. The diagnosis of suspected recurrent DVT is especially challenging in case of ipsilateral DVT. Treatment strategies in recurrent DVT are dependent on the case and on particular risk factors. Also discussed is the therapy for DVT in pregnant women, which is more complex as a result of anticoagulants crossing the placenta. Expert commentary: DVT treatment in special populations poses special challenges due to high thrombotic and bleeding risk. This will be discussed in more detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudula Boon
- a Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - L F Van Dam
- a Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - F A Klok
- a Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - M V Huisman
- a Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
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202
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Graafsma YP, Prins MH, Lensing AWA, de Haan RJ, Huisman MV, Büller HR. Bleeding Classification in Clinical Trials: Observer Variability and Clinical Relevance. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1657713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryTo evaluate the bleeding classification in a recent trial on venous thrombosis treatment, a selection of reported bleeding episodes was adjudicated twice by an independent committee and graded by the treating physician and independent clinical experts on the clinical severity and impact on the patient’s life.The kappa values for the dichotomy major bleeding versus minor or no bleeding were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.57-1.0) for the agreement between the two members of the adjudication committee and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.52-1.0) for the agreement between both adjudication sessions. The kappa values for the dichotomy major or minor bleeding versus no bleeding were 0.42 and 0.44. The weighted kappa values for the agreement between the treating physician and the independent experts were 0.76 for the Clinical severity and 0.79 for the impact on the patient’s life (95% CI, 0.63-0.88 and 0.70-0.89). The association between the adjudication result expressed as major bleeding or minor or no bleeding and the Clinical grading by the treating physician resulted in an ROC curve with an area under the curve of 0.98 for the Clinical severity and 0.99 for the impact on the patient’s life. The dichotomy major or minor bleeding versus no bleeding resulted in areas under the curve of 0.70 and 0.66.In conCIusion, the applied criteria for major bleeding are reproducible and Clinically relevant. The criteria for minor bleeding are not reproducible and are less associated with the observed Clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne P Graafsma
- The Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin H Prins
- The Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rob J de Haan
- The Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno V Huisman
- The Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harry R Büller
- The Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis, Atherosclerosis, and Inflammation Research, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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203
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Prandoni P, Lensing AWA, Huisman MV, Jonker JJC, Vigo M, Borm JJJ, Büller HR, Sing AK, Carta M, Cate JWT. A New Computerized Impedance Plethysmograph: Accuracy in the Detection of Proximal Deep-Vein Thrombosis in Symptomatic Outpatients. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1647489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryBecause of the lack of specificity of the clinical diagnosis it is appropriate in patients with clinically suspected deep-vein thrombosis to apply an objective test before starting anticoagulant treatment. Impedance plethysmography is a highly accurate technique for the detection of proximal-vein thrombosis with a reported sensitivity and specificity of 93 and 97%, respectively. In all previous reported evaluations of impedance plethysmography an apparatus which was developed in 1971 was used.A new computerized impedance plethysmograph, using a novel device to measure impedance, was blindly compared against venography in 443 consecutive outpatients with clinically suspected deep-vein thrombosis. In the first phase of the study the computerized impedance plethysmography test results of 242 symptomatic patients were used to develop a discriminant line. Subsequently, this discriminant line was validated in the second phase of the study in another 201 symptomatic patients. The combined sensitivity and specificity of these two phases for proximal-vein thrombosis was 91% [95% confidence interval (Cl), 86 to 94%] and 94% (95% CI, 90 to 96%), respectively, which compares favourably with impedance plethysmography.It is concluded that computerized impedance plethysmography is a simple, portable, non-invasive technique with a high accuracy for the detection of proximal vein thrombosis. However, before computerized impedance plethysmography can be used as the only test in the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis, the safety of withholding anticoagulant treatment to patients with repeated normal computerized test results should be assessed during longterm follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthonie W A Lensing
- The Second Institute of Internal Medicine, Italy
- The Center for Thrombosis, Haemostasis and Atherosclerosis Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno V Huisman
- The Center for Thrombosis, Haemostasis and Atherosclerosis Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mario Vigo
- The Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Padua, ltaly
| | - Judocus J J Borm
- The Center for Thrombosis, Haemostasis and Atherosclerosis Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry R Büller
- The Center for Thrombosis, Haemostasis and Atherosclerosis Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A K Sing
- The Department of Radiology, Bergweg Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Wouter ten Cate
- The Center for Thrombosis, Haemostasis and Atherosclerosis Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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204
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Schol-Gelok S, van der Hulle T, Biedermann JS, van Gelder T, Klok FA, van der Pol LM, Versmissen J, Huisman MV, Kruip MJHA. Clinical effects of antiplatelet drugs and statins on D-dimer levels. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e12944. [PMID: 29682728 PMCID: PMC6055760 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pulmonary embolism may be ruled out by combining nonhigh clinical probability and a normal D-dimer level. Both antiplatelet drugs and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have been associated with effects on thrombus formation, potentially influencing D-dimer levels in this setting, leading to a higher rate of false-negative tests. Therefore, we determined whether D-dimer levels in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism are affected by concomitant use of antiplatelet drugs and/or statins and evaluated whether the effect of antiplatelet drugs or statins might affect diagnostic accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a posthoc analysis in the YEARS diagnostic study, comparing age- and sex-adjusted D-dimer levels among users of antiplatelet drugs, statins and nonusers. We then reclassified patients within the YEARS algorithm by developing a model in which we adjusted D-dimer cut-offs for statin use and evaluated diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS We included 156 statins users, 147 antiplatelet drugs users and 726 nonusers of either drugs, all with suspected pulmonary embolism. Use of antiplatelet drugs did not have a significant effect, whereas statin use was associated with 15% decrease in D-dimer levels (95% CI, -28% to -0.6%). An algorithm with lower D-dimer thresholds in statin users yielded lower specificity (0.42 compared to 0.33) with no difference in false-negative tests. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that use of statins but not of antiplatelet agents is associated with a modest decrease in D-dimer levels. Adjusting D-dimer cut-offs for statin use did, however, not result in a safer diagnostic strategy in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Schol-Gelok
- Department of Hospital pharmacy and Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Hulle
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph S Biedermann
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun van Gelder
- Department of Hospital pharmacy and Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederikus A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte M van der Pol
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jorie Versmissen
- Department of Hospital pharmacy and Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J H A Kruip
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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205
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de Jongste AB, Jonker JJC, Huisman MV, ten Cate JW, Azar AJ. A Double Blind Three Center Clinical Trial on the Short-Term Efficacy of 0-(β-Hydroxyethyl)-Rutosides in Patients with Post-Thrombotic Syndrome. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1651011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryA multi-centre, double blind randomized clinical triatr was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of orally administered 0-(β-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides (HR) capsules in the treatment of L0L patients with post-thrombotic syndrome. Seventeen patients were excluded from the analysis for violation of the study protocol, 4l received HR capsules (I,200 mg/day) and 43 placebo.Mean follow-up scores at the 4th and 8th week show that the HR patients displayed an improved state of tiredness as compared to the placebo's. The mean circumference of the calf for the HR group decreased from 390 (± 33) mm at visit one to 382 (± 33) mm at visit three, with a mean circumference reduction of 8.7 (± 8) mm, compared to a steady placebo circumference of 387 (± 31) mm at all 3 visits with a mean circumference reduction of only 2 mm (± 9). The estimated treatment effect at week 8 was −6.7 ffiffi, 95% confidence interval (−10.3, −3.0).The mean circumference of the ankle, decreased from 243 (± 20) mm to 238 (± 20) mm at the 4th week, contrasted with a constant placebo circumference of.24l (± 22) mm at both visits. The estimated treatment effect at week 4 was-5.4 ffiffi, 95% confidence intenral (−10.2, −0.6). However, at week 8, the estimated treatment effect was only −3.4 mm; 95% corrfidence interval (−8.6, + 1.8).In conclusion, HR capsules may show an improvement in the clinical symptoms and may show a mean circumference reduction of the calf and ankle at the 8th week, in patients with postthrombotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B de Jongste
- The Department of Surgery, University Hospital Leiden and Rode Kruis Ziekenhuis, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | | | - M V Huisman
- Centre for Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J W ten Cate
- Centre for Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A J Azar
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Erasmus University of Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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206
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Tromeur C, van der Pol LM, Mairuhu ATA, Leroyer C, Couturaud F, Huisman MV, Klok FA. Novel Anticoagulant Treatment for Pulmonary Embolism with Direct Oral Anticoagulants Phase 3 Trials and Clinical Practice. Semin Intervent Radiol 2018; 35:83-91. [PMID: 29872242 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1642622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anticoagulant therapy is the cornerstone of therapeutic management in acute venous thromboembolism (VTE), consisting of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have become the standard of care because of their good safety profile and ease of use in clinical practice. Indeed, phase 3 randomized trials (AMPLIFY, EINSTEIN, RECOVER, and HOKUSAI studies) showed that DOACs provided a similar efficacy and a better safety than conventional treatment with parenteral heparin with overlapping loading dose of vitamin K antagonists in acute VTE therapeutic management. The results of published data from real-world registries confirm the safety and efficacy of DOACs demonstrated in the phase 3 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Tromeur
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine and Chest Diseases, Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale, Equipe d'Accueil 3878, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, CHRU, Brest, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM 1412, University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Liselotte M van der Pol
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Albert T A Mairuhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Leroyer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Chest Diseases, Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale, Equipe d'Accueil 3878, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, CHRU, Brest, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM 1412, University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Francis Couturaud
- Department of Internal Medicine and Chest Diseases, Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale, Equipe d'Accueil 3878, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, CHRU, Brest, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM 1412, University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frederikus A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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207
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Dronkers CEA, Lijfering WM, Teichert M, van der Meer FJM, Klok FA, Cannegieter SC, Huisman MV. Persistence to direct oral anticoagulants for acute venous thromboembolism. Thromb Res 2018; 167:135-141. [PMID: 29843087 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are the treatment of choice for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the Netherlands. The main advantages of DOACs over vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are that they are safer than VKA and that neither monitoring nor dose titrations are needed. A main drawback is a potential risk of lower drug persistence, as compared with VKA treatment, which is strictly controlled by anticoagulation clinics in the Netherlands. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study was to audit the persistence to DOAC treatment for acute VTE during the first 2 months in daily clinical practice. METHODS Dispensing data from the Dutch Foundation of Pharmaceutical Statistics were used to monitor persistence to DOAC for treatment of VTE from 1 January 2012-1 April 2016. Non-persistence was defined as the cumulative incidence of patients who completely stopped DOAC or VKA treatment. In addition, we estimated the persistence to VKA treatment for VTE in data from the Anticoagulation Clinic Leiden. RESULTS 1834 patients were selected as DOAC users for the indication VTE. The 2-month cumulative incidence of completely stopping DOAC was 20% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18-24). In the population of 4910 VKA users, 9.1% (95%CI 8.3-9.9) stopped prematurely with VKA. CONCLUSION The stopping rate of 20% we found is in line with other cardiovascular treatments. Further research into the reasons and consequences of prematurely stopping DOAC treatment for acute VTE is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E A Dronkers
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Willem M Lijfering
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Teichert
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J M van der Meer
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frederikus A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C Cannegieter
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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208
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McIntyre WF, Conen D, Olshansky B, Halperin JL, Hayek E, Huisman MV, Lip GYH, Lu S, Healey JS. Stroke-prevention strategies in North American patients with atrial fibrillation: The GLORIA-AF registry program. Clin Cardiol 2018; 41:744-751. [PMID: 29546729 PMCID: PMC6032943 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antithrombotic prophylaxis with oral anticoagulation (OAC) substantially reduces stroke and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Hypothesis Analysis of data in the Global Registry on Long‐Term Antithrombotic Treatments in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA‐AF), an international, observational registry of patients with newly diagnosed AF, can identify factors associated with treatment decisions and outcomes. Methods Multivariable regression identified patient, physician, and temporal factors associated with OAC prescription, compared with management with antiplatelet drugs or no antithrombotic drugs in North American patients enrolled between November 2011 and February 2014. Results Of 3320 eligible patients (mean age, 71 ± 11 years; 1879 males with CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥1 and 1441 females with CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥2), 79.3%, 12.5%, and 7.4% received OAC, antiplatelet drugs, or no antithrombotic therapy, respectively. Of those prescribed OAC, 66.4% received non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulation and 24.5% received concomitant therapy with antiplatelet drugs. Independent predictors of OAC therapy were nonparoxysmal AF (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 2.02, 1.56–2.63), prior stroke/transient ischemic attack (2.00, 1.37–2.92), specialist care (1.50, 1.04–2.17), more concomitant medications (1.47, 1.13–1.92), commercial insurance (1.41, 1.07–1.85), and heart failure (1.44, 1.07–1.92). Antiplatelet drugs (0.18, 0.14–0.23), prior falls (0.41, 0.27–0.63), and prior bleeding (0.50, 0.35–0.72) were inversely associated with OAC prescription. Conclusions In GLORIA‐AF, 20% of the population comprising males with CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥1 and females with CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥2 did not receive OAC therapy. Patient characteristics associated with a lower likelihood of OAC prescription were use of antiplatelet drugs, paroxysmal pattern of AF, history of falls, and prior bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F McIntyre
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Conen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jonathan L Halperin
- The Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Emil Hayek
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, and Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Shihai Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Jeff S Healey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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209
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Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in acute medically ill patients is a leading cause of in-hospital morbidity and mortality. A majority of these VTE events occur post-discharge, and patients remain at increased VTE risk for up to 3 months post-discharge. Recent clinical trials of extended-duration thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin, rivaroxaban, and apixaban in acute medically ill patients did not demonstrate a net clinical benefit compared with in-hospital thromboprophylaxis, and were shown to be associated with higher risks of major bleeding. Betrixaban is a new direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) with a different pharmacokinetic profile than other DOACs. Betrixaban has the longest half-life among the DOAC class, with a terminal half-life of 35-45 h and an effective half-life of 19-27 h. Betrixaban has a low peak-to-trough ratio compared with other anticoagulants and a predictable duration of drug exposure, leading to overall consistent anticoagulant effect over 24 h. Betrixaban is mainly cleared via the hepatobiliary system and therefore not contraindicated in patients with severe renal insufficiency. Betrixaban was recently approved for the indication of extended thromboprophylaxis in the United States based on the APEX trial of betrixaban 80 mg once daily for 35-42 days compared with low molecular weight heparin enoxaparin for 10 ± 4 days in hospitalized acute medically ill patients. This study demonstrated that extended-duration betrixaban reduced VTE compared with standard-duration enoxaparin in acute medically ill patients, without increased risk of major bleeding. This patient population at risk of VTE may benefit from extended prophylaxis, ensuring continuum of care from in-hospital to post-discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Room C7-68g, Leiden University Medical Center, PO BOX 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frederikus A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Room C7-68g, Leiden University Medical Center, PO BOX 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
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210
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van Mens TE, van der Pol LM, van Es N, Bistervels IM, Mairuhu ATA, van der Hulle T, Klok FA, Huisman MV, Middeldorp S. Sex-specific performance of pre-imaging diagnostic algorithms for pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:858-865. [PMID: 29460484 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Decision rules for pulmonary embolism are used indiscriminately despite possible sex-differences. Various pre-imaging diagnostic algorithms have been investigated in several prospective studies. When analysed at an individual patient data level the algorithms perform similarly in both sexes. Estrogen use and male sex were associated with a higher prevalence in suspected pulmonary embolism. SUMMARY Background In patients suspected of pulmonary embolism (PE), clinical decision rules are combined with D-dimer testing to rule out PE, avoiding the need for imaging in those at low risk. Despite sex differences in several aspects of the disease, including its diagnosis, these algorithms are used indiscriminately in women and men. Objectives To compare the performance, defined as efficiency and failure rate, of three pre-imaging diagnostic algorithms for PE between women and men: the Wells rule with fixed or with age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off, and a recently validated algorithm (YEARS). A secondary aim was to determine the sex-specific prevalence of PE. Methods Individual patient data were obtained from six studies using the Wells rule (fixed D-dimer, n = 5; age adjusted, n = 1) and from one study using the YEARS algorithm. All studies prospectively enrolled consecutive patients with suspected PE. Main outcomes were efficiency (proportion of patients in which the algorithm ruled out PE without imaging) and failure rate (proportion of patients with PE not detected by the algorithm). Outcomes were estimated using (multilevel) logistic regression models. Results The main outcomes showed no sex differences in any of the separate algorithms. With all three, the prevalence of PE was lower in women (OR, 0.66, 0.68 and 0.74). In women, estrogen use, adjusted for age, was associated with lower efficiency and higher prevalence and D-dimer levels. Conclusions The investigated pre-imaging diagnostic algorithms for patients suspected of PE show no sex differences in performance. Male sex and estrogen use are both associated with a higher probability of having the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E van Mens
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L M van der Pol
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - N van Es
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I M Bistervels
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Flevo Hospital, Almere, the Netherlands
| | - A T A Mairuhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - T van der Hulle
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - S Middeldorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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211
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Huisman MV, Rothman KJ, Paquette M, Teutsch C, Diener HC, Dubner SJ, Halperin JL, Ma CS, Zint K, Elsaesser A, Lu S, Bartels DB, Lip GY. Two-year follow-up of patients treated with dabigatran for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Global Registry on Long-Term Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA-AF) registry. Am Heart J 2018; 198:55-63. [PMID: 29653649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE GLORIA-AF is a large, global, prospective registry program of newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with ≥1 stroke risk factors. We describe the effectiveness and safety of dabigatran etexilate over 2 years from routine clinical practice in nearly 3000 patients from GLORIA-AF who are newly diagnosed with non-valvular AF and at risk of stroke. METHODS Consecutive enrollment into phase II of GLORIA-AF was initiated following approval of dabigatran for stroke prevention in non-valvular AF. Within this Phase II, 2937 dabigatran patients completed 2-year follow-up by May 2016 and were eligible for analysis. Patients who took at least 1 dose of dabigatran (n=2932) were used to estimate incidence rates. RESULTS Overall incidence rates per 100 person-years of 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42-0.92) for stroke, 1.12 (0.83-1.49) for major bleeding, 0.47 (0.29-0.72) for myocardial infarction, and 2.69 (2.22-3.23) for all-cause death were observed. For patients taking 150 mg dabigatran twice daily (BID), corresponding rates (95% CI) were 0.56 (0.30-0.94), 1.00 (0.64-1.47), 0.48 (0.25-0.83), and 2.07 (1.55-2.72), respectively. For patients taking 110 mg dabigatran BID, event rates (95% CI) were 0.67 (0.33-1.20), 1.16 (0.70-1.80), 0.43 (0.17-0.88), and 3.16 (2.36-4.15). CONCLUSIONS These global data confirm the sustained safety and effectiveness of dabigatran over 2 years of follow-up, consistent with the results from clinical trials as well as contemporary real-world studies. WHAT IS KNOWN • Non-vitamin K antagonist (VKA) anticoagulants (NOACs) are the preferred therapy for prevention of ischemic stroke based on phase 3 trials, but there is insufficient information on their efficacy and safety in daily practice, based on prospectively collected data. WHAT IS NEW • This study shows that in non-valvular AF patient population, with up to 2 years of follow-up, the use of dabigatran led to a low incidence of ischemic stroke, major bleeding, and myocardial infarction in routine clinical care, confirming the sustained safety and effectiveness of dabigatran in clinical practice over 2 years of follow-up.
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van der Pol LM, Dronkers CEA, van der Hulle T, den Exter PL, Tromeur C, Heringhaus C, Mairuhu ATA, Huisman MV, van den Hout WB, Klok FA. The YEARS algorithm for suspected pulmonary embolism: shorter visit time and reduced costs at the emergency department. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:725-733. [PMID: 29431911 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Essentials The YEARS algorithm was designed to simplify the diagnostic workup of suspected pulmonary embolism. We compared emergency ward turnaround time of YEARS and the conventional algorithm. YEARS was associated with a significantly shorter emergency department visit time of ˜60 minutes. Treatment of pulmonary embolism was initiated 53 minutes earlier with the YEARS algorithm SUMMARY: Background Recently, the safety of the YEARS algorithm, designed to simplify the diagnostic work-up of pulmonary embolism (PE), was demonstrated. We hypothesize that by design, YEARS would be associated with a shorter diagnostic emergency department (ED) visit time due to simultaneous assessment of pre-test probability and D-dimer level and reduction in number of CT scans. Aim To investigate whether implementation of the YEARS diagnostic algorithm is associated with a shorter ED visit time compared with the conventional algorithm and to evaluate the associated cost savings. Methods We selected consecutive outpatients with suspected PE from our hospital included in the YEARS study and ADJUST-PE study. Different time-points of the diagnostic process were extracted from the to-the-minute accurate electronic patients' chart system of the ED. Further, the costs of the ED visits were estimated for both algorithms. Results All predefined diagnostic turnaround times were significantly shorter after implementation of YEARS: patients were discharged earlier from the ED; 54 min (95% CI, 37-70) for patients managed without computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and 60 min (95% CI, 44-76) for the complete study population. Importantly, patients diagnosed with PE by CTPA received the first dose of anticoagulants 53 min (95% CI, 22-82) faster than those managed according to the conventional algorithm. Total costs were reduced by on average €123 per visit. Conclusion YEARS was shown to be associated with a shorter ED visit time compared with the conventional diagnostic algorithm, leading to faster start of treatment in the case of confirmed PE and savings on ED resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M van der Pol
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - C E A Dronkers
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - T van der Hulle
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P L den Exter
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - C Tromeur
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - C Heringhaus
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A T A Mairuhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - M V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - W B van den Hout
- Department of Medical Decision Making and Quality of CareLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Lip GYH, Van Der Wall SJ, Teutsch C, Rothman KJ, Diener HC, Dubner SJ, Ma CS, Paquette M, Lu S, Riou Franca L, Zint K, Halperin JL, Huisman MV. 200Safety of uninterrupted dabigatran in cardiovascular interventions in the GLORIA-AF registry program. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- GYH Lip
- Birmingham City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Teutsch
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - K J Rothman
- RTI Health Solutions, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - H-C Diener
- University Hospital of Essen (Ruhr), Essen, Germany
| | - S J Dubner
- Clinica y maternidad Suizo Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C S Ma
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China People's Republic of
| | - M Paquette
- Boehringer Ingelheim Corporation, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Lu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Corporation, Ridgefield, United States of America
| | - L Riou Franca
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - K Zint
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - J L Halperin
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - M V Huisman
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Barco S, Konstantinides S, Huisman MV, Klok FA. Diagnosis of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Thromb Res 2018; 163:229-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ende-Verhaar YM, Ruigrok D, Bogaard HJ, Huisman MV, Meijboom LJ, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Klok FA. Sensitivity of a Simple Noninvasive Screening Algorithm for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension after Acute Pulmonary Embolism. TH Open 2018; 2:e89-e95. [PMID: 31249932 PMCID: PMC6524865 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1636537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, we constructed a noninvasive screening algorithm aiming at earlier chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) detection after acute pulmonary embolism (PE), consisting of a prediction score and combined electrocardiography (ECG)/N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) assessment. The aim of this study was to confirm the algorithm's sensitivity for CTEPH detection and to evaluate the reproducibility of its individual items. Methods Two independent researchers calculated the prediction score in 54 consecutive patients with a history of acute PE and proven CTEPH based on clinical characteristics at PE diagnosis, and evaluated the ECG and NT-proBNP level assessed at the moment of CTEPH diagnosis. Interobserver agreement for the assessment of the prediction score, right-to-left ventricle (RV/LV) ratio measurement on computed tomography pulmonary angiography, as well as ECG reading was evaluated by calculating Cohen's kappa statistics. Results Median time between PE diagnosis and presentation with CTEPH was 9 months (interquartile range: 5-15). The sensitivity of the algorithm was found to be 91% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79-97%), indicating that 27 of 30 cases of CTEPH would have been detected when applying the screening algorithm to 1,000 random PE survivors with a 3% CTEPH incidence (projected negative predictive value: 99.7%; 95% CI: 99.1-99.9%). The interobserver agreement for calculating the prediction score, RV/LV ratio measurement, and ECG reading was excellent with a kappa of 0.96, 0.95, and 0.89, respectively. Conclusion The algorithm had a high sensitivity of 91% and was highly reproducible. Prospective validation of the algorithm in consecutive PE patients is required before it can be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne M Ende-Verhaar
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dieuwertje Ruigrok
- Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian J Meijboom
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frederikus A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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216
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Kooiman J, de Vries JPPM, Van der Heyden J, Sijpkens YWJ, van Dijkman PRM, Wever JJ, van Overhagen H, Vahl AC, Aarts N, Verberk-Jonkers IJAM, Brulez HFH, Hamming JF, van der Molen AJ, Cannegieter SC, Putter H, van den Hout WB, Kilicsoy I, Rabelink TJ, Huisman MV. Randomized trial of one-hour sodium bicarbonate vs standard periprocedural saline hydration in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing cardiovascular contrast procedures. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189372. [PMID: 29420536 PMCID: PMC5805164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Guidelines advise periprocedural saline hydration for prevention of contrast induced-acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). We analysed whether 1-hour sodium bicarbonate hydration administered solely prior to intra-arterial contrast exposure is non-inferior to standard periprocedural saline hydration in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing elective cardiovascular diagnostic or interventional contrast procedures. Methods We performed an open-label multicentre non-inferiority trial between 2011–2014. Patients were randomized to 1 hour pre-procedure sodium bicarbonate hydration (250 ml 1.4%, N = 168) or 4–12 hours saline hydration (1000 ml 0.9%, N = 165) prior to and following contrast administration (2000 ml of saline total). Primary outcome was the relative serum creatinine increase (%) 48–96 hours post contrast exposure. Secondary outcomes were: incidence of CI-AKI (serum creatinine increase>25% or >44μmol/L), recovery of renal function, the need for dialysis, and hospital costs within two months follow-up. Results Mean relative creatinine increase was 3.1% (95%CI 0.9 to 5.2%) in the bicarbonate and 1.1% (95%CI -1.2 to 3.5%) in the saline arm, mean difference 1.9% (95%CI -1.2 to 5.1%, p-non-inferiority <0.001). CI-AKI occurred in 11 (6.7%) patients randomized to sodium bicarbonate and 12 (7.5%) to saline (p = 0.79). Renal function did not fully recover in 40.0% and 44.4% of CI-AKI patients, respectively (p = 0.84). No patient required dialysis. Mean costs for preventive hydration and clinical preparation for the contrast procedure were $1158 for sodium bicarbonate vs. $1561 for saline (p < 0.001). Conclusion Short hydration with sodium bicarbonate prior to elective cardiovascular diagnostic or therapeutic contrast procedures is non-inferior to standard periprocedural saline hydration in CKD patients with respect to renal safety and results in considerable healthcare savings. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register (http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/index.asp), Nr NTR2699
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Kooiman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Jan Van der Heyden
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Yvo W. J. Sijpkens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bronovo Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan J. Wever
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Hans van Overhagen
- Department of Radiology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Antonie C. Vahl
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nico Aarts
- Department of Radiology, Bronovo Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | | | - Harald F. H. Brulez
- Department of Nephrology, St. Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap F. Hamming
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Suzanne C. Cannegieter
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hein Putter
- Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wilbert B. van den Hout
- Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Inci Kilicsoy
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno V. Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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217
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Rodger M, Langlois N, Middeldorp S, Kahn S, Sandset PM, Brighton T, Huisman MV, Meyer G, Konstantinides S, Ageno W, Morange P, Garcia D, Kreuziger LB, Young L, Key N, Monreal M, Jiménez D. Initial strides for invent-VTE: Towards global collaboration to accelerate clinical research in venous thromboembolism. Thromb Res 2018; 163:128-131. [PMID: 29407624 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents a major global burden of disease and requires collaborative efforts to conduct large, high-quality investigator-initiated and academically sponsored studies addressing the most relevant clinical questions. Owing to increasing regulatory requirements, the highly competitive nature of peer-reviewed funding and costs associated with conducting large, multinational clinical trials, completing practice-changing research constitutes a growing challenge for clinical investigators. As clinical trialists interested in VTE, we founded INVENT (International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks) in an effort to promote and accelerate patient-oriented, investigator-initiated, international collaborative research, to identify, prioritize and answer key clinical research questions for patients with VTE. We report on our activities to formalize the INVENT network and our accomplishments in our first year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rodger
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; The Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada.
| | - Nicole Langlois
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada.
| | - Saskia Middeldorp
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, F4-276, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Susan Kahn
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine, Rm. H420-1, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Per Morten Sandset
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Department of Haematology, BOX 4950 Nydalen, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Timothy Brighton
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; SEALS, Prince of Wales Hospital, Level 4 Campus Centre Building, Barker St., Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Menno V Huisman
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Guy Meyer
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; Division of Pulmonary and Intensive Care Medicine, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France; INNOVTE, Saint Etienne, France.
| | - Stavros Konstantinides
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbekstrasse 1, Building 403, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Walter Ageno
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via Guicciardini 9, I-2100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Pierre Morange
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; Hematology Department, Inserm U1062 Aix-Marseille University, rue Saint-Pierre, 13285 Marseille, France.
| | - David Garcia
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; Division of Hematology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Box 356330, Seattle, WA 98195-6330, USA.
| | - Lisa Baumann Kreuziger
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; BloodCenter of Wisconsin and Medical College of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, 8733 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Laura Young
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; Cancer and Blood Service, Auckland City Hospital, 5 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Nigel Key
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; University of North Carolina Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, 1079 Genetic Medicine Building, CB #7035, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7016, USA.
| | - Manuel Monreal
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (Can Ruti), Carretera de Canyet, s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Jiménez
- International Network of Venous Thromboembolism Clinical Research Networks (INVENT), Canada; Respiratory Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal and Medicine Department, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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Dronkers CEA, Klok FA, van Haren GR, Gleditsch J, Westerlund E, Huisman MV, Kroft LJM. Diagnosing upper extremity deep vein thrombosis with non-contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Direct Thrombus Imaging: A pilot study. Thromb Res 2018; 163:47-50. [PMID: 29353683 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosing upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) can be challenging. Compression ultrasonography is often inconclusive because of overlying anatomic structures that hamper compressing veins. Contrast venography is invasive and has a risk of contrast allergy. Magnetic Resonance Direct Thrombus Imaging (MRDTI) and Three Dimensional Turbo Spin-echo Spectral Attenuated Inversion Recovery (3D TSE-SPAIR) are both non-contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences that can visualize a thrombus directly by the visualization of methemoglobin, which is formed in a fresh blood clot. MRDTI has been proven to be accurate in diagnosing deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the leg. The primary aim of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of diagnosing UEDVT with these MRI techniques. MRDTI and 3D TSE-SPAIR were performed in 3 pilot patients who were already diagnosed with UEDVT by ultrasonography or contrast venography. In all patients, UEDVT diagnosis could be confirmed by MRDTI and 3D TSE-SPAIR in all vein segments. In conclusion, this study showed that non-contrast MRDTI and 3D TSE-SPAIR sequences may be feasible tests to diagnose UEDVT. However diagnostic accuracy and management studies have to be performed before these techniques can be routinely used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E A Dronkers
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - F A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G R van Haren
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Gleditsch
- Department of Radiology, Ostfold Hospital Trust, Ostfold, Norway
| | - E Westerlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L J M Kroft
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Brekelmans MPA, Abdoellakhan RA, Scheres LJJ, Biedermann JS, Hutten BA, Meijer K, Cate HT, Huisman MV, Kruip MJHA, Middeldorp S, Coppens M. Clinical outcome of patients with a vitamin K antagonist-associated bleeding treated with prothrombin complex concentrate. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:77-84. [PMID: 30046709 PMCID: PMC6055482 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are used for the treatment of thromboembolism. Patients with severe VKA-associated bleeding require immediate restoration of haemostasis. Clinical studies on the effect of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) are heterogeneous with respect to outcome of bleeding. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical outcome of patients treated with PCC for VKA-associated bleeding. METHODS We performed a cohort study of consecutive patients who received PCC for VKA-related bleeding in five Dutch hospitals. Data were collected by chart review on the bleeding event, international normalized ratio (INR), haemostatic efficacy, thromboembolic (TE) complications, and mortality. The primary outcome was effective haemostasis, assessed by an adaptation of the Sarode criteria with a surrogate outcome for patients with ICH without repeat CT. RESULTS One hundred patients were included. Mean age was 74 years, 54% were male and 79% received VKA for atrial fibrillation. Most patients presented with ICH (41%) or GI bleeding (36%). Effective haemostasis was achieved in 67/98 (68%) patients using the adapted classification. Surrogate outcomes were applied for 32 patients and data for two patients was missing. Median pre-treatment INR was 3.9 (IQR 2.9-5.8). One hour after PCC infusion, the INR was available for 50 patients and of these, 35 (70%) had an INR ≤1.4. TE complications occurred in five patients and 22 died (60% bleeding-related) within 30 days. CONCLUSION PCC achieved effective haemostasis in 68% of evaluable patients with VKA-associated bleeding. TE complication rates were low, but mortality rates were high, due to the large number of patients with ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahat A. Abdoellakhan
- Department of HaematologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Luuk J. J. Scheres
- Department of Vascular MedicineAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Joseph S. Biedermann
- Department of HaematologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Barbara A. Hutten
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Karina Meijer
- Department of HaematologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Hugo ten Cate
- Department of Internal MedicineCardiovascular Research Institute MaastrichtMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Menno V. Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and HemostasisLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Saskia Middeldorp
- Department of Vascular MedicineAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Michiel Coppens
- Department of Vascular MedicineAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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220
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Mazurek M, Huisman MV, Rothman KJ, Paquette M, Teutsch C, Diener HC, Dubner SJ, Halperin JL, Ma CS, Zint K, Elsaesser A, Lu S, Lip GYH. Regional Differences in Antithrombotic Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation: Insights from the GLORIA-AF Phase II Registry. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:2376-2388. [PMID: 29212125 PMCID: PMC6260111 DOI: 10.1160/th17-08-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction
Although guideline-adherent antithrombotic therapy (ATT) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with lower mortality and thromboembolism, ATT uptake shows geographic variation worldwide. We aimed to assess thromboembolic risk and baseline ATT by geographic region and identify factors associated with prescription of ATT in a large, truly global registry of patients with recently diagnosed AF.
Methods and Results
Our analysis comprises 15,092 patients newly diagnosed with non-valvular AF at risk for stroke, enrolled in Phase II of Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA-AF). Global oral anticoagulation (OAC) use was 79.9%, being highest in Europe (90.1%), followed by Africa/Middle East (87.4%) and Latin America (85.3%), North America (78.3%) and Asia (55.2%). Among OAC users, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have been replaced by non-VKA OACs (NOACs) as the more prevalent OAC option in all regions, with highest use in North America (66.5%) and lowest in Asia (50.2%). In Asia, OAC was 80.4% in community hospitals but only 49.8% in university hospitals and 42.6% in specialist offices, and varied from 21.0% in China to 89.7% in Japan (NOACs at 5.8% in China and 83.3% in Japan). Globally, 76.5% of low-risk patients were prescribed ATT (46.1% OAC), whereas 17.7% high-risk patients were not anticoagulated (Europe 8.8%; North America 18.9%; Asia 42.4%).
Conclusion
Substantial inter- and intra-regional differences in ATT for stroke prevention in AF are evident in this global registry. While guideline-adherent ATT can be further improved, NOACs are the main contributor to high OAC use worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Mazurek
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Medical University, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth J Rothman
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Miney Paquette
- Department of Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim, Burlington, Canada
| | - Christine Teutsch
- Department of Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | - Sergio J Dubner
- Clínica y Maternidad Suizo Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Chang Sheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Atrial Fibrillation Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kristina Zint
- Department of Cardiology, Atrial Fibrillation Center, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Amelie Elsaesser
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Shihai Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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van der Pol LM, van der Hulle T, Cheung YW, Mairuhu ATA, Schaar CG, Faber LM, Ten Wolde M, Hofstee HMA, Hovens MMC, Nijkeuter M, van Klink RCJ, Kruip MJHA, Middeldorp S, Huisman MV, Klok FA. No added value of the age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off to the YEARS algorithm in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:2317-2324. [PMID: 28941051 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Imaging is warranted in the majority of patients to confirm or rule out pulmonary embolism (PE). The age-adjusted D-dimer (ADJUST) reduced the number of required imaging tests in patients ≥ 50 years. The YEARS algorithm was designed to improve the efficiency in patients with suspected PE. There was no added value of implementing ADJUST in the YEARS algorithm in our cohort. SUMMARY Background The YEARS algorithm was designed to simplify the diagnostic work-up of pulmonary embolism (PE) and to reduce the number of necessary computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scans. An alternative strategy to reduce the number of CTPAs is the age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off (ADJUST) in patients aged 50 years or older. We aimed to investigate whether a combination of both diagnostic strategies might save additional CTPAs. Methods The YEARS algorithm consists of three items (clinical signs of deep venous thrombosis, hemoptysis, 'PE most likely diagnosis') with simultaneous D-dimer testing using a pre-test dependent threshold. We performed a post hoc analysis in 3465 patients managed according to YEARS to compare the number of patients managed without CTPA scans and associated diagnostic failures in hypothetical scenarios with different YEARS-ADJUST combinations. Results Following the YEARS algorithm, 1651 patients (48%) were managed without CTPA; PE was diagnosed in 456 (13%) patients at baseline and 18 patients with initial normal testing suffered venous thromboembolism (VTE) during 3-month follow-up (failure rate 0.61%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.96). If ADJUST had been fully integrated in YEARS, 1627 patients (47%) would have been managed without CTPA (absolute decrease of 0.69%; 95% CI -1.7 to 3.0), at cost of four additional missed PE diagnoses at baseline, for a projected 3-month VTE failure rate of 0.75% (95% CI, 0.49-1.13). None of the other studied scenarios showed relevant improvements in efficiency as well, but all led to more missed diagnoses. Conclusion In our cohort, there was no added value of implementing ADJUST in the YEARS algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M van der Pol
- Department Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - T van der Hulle
- Department Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Y W Cheung
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A T A Mairuhu
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C G Schaar
- Department of Medicinee, Gelre Hospital, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - L M Faber
- Department of Medicine, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
| | - M Ten Wolde
- Department of Medicine, Flevo Hospital, Almere, the Netherlands
| | - H M A Hofstee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - M M C Hovens
- Department of Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - M Nijkeuter
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R C J van Klink
- Department of Pulmonology, Alrijne Hospital, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M J H A Kruip
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Middeldorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M V Huisman
- Department Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F A Klok
- Department Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Klok FA, Ageno W, Barco S, Binder H, Brenner B, Duerschmied D, Empen K, Faggiano P, Ficker JH, Galiè N, Ghuysen A, Held M, Heydenreich N, Huisman MV, Jiménez D, Kozak M, Lang IM, Lankeit M, Münzel T, Petris A, Pruszczyk P, Quitzau K, Schellong S, Schmidt KH, Stefanovic BS, Verschuren F, Wolf-Puetz A, Meyer G, Konstantinides SV. Dabigatran after Short Heparin Anticoagulation for Acute Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism: Rationale and Design of the Single-Arm PEITHO-2 Study. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:2425-2434. [PMID: 29212130 DOI: 10.1160/th17-06-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) may, depending on the method and cut-off values used for definition, account for up to 60% of all patients with PE and have an 8% or higher risk of short-term adverse outcome. Although four non-vitamin K-dependent direct oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been approved for the treatment of venous thromboembolism, their safety and efficacy as well as the optimal anticoagulation regimen using these drugs have not been systematically investigated in intermediate-risk PE. Moreover, it remains unknown how many patients with intermediate-high-risk and intermediate-low-risk PE were included in most of the phase III NOAC trials. The ongoing Pulmonary Embolism International Thrombolysis 2 (PEITHO-2) study is a prospective, multicentre, multinational, single-arm trial investigating whether treatment of acute intermediate-risk PE with parenteral heparin anticoagulation over the first 72 hours, followed by the direct oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran over 6 months, is effective and safe. The primary efficacy outcome is recurrent symptomatic venous thromboembolism or death related to PE within the first 6 months. The primary safety outcome is major bleeding as defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Secondary outcomes include all-cause mortality, the overall duration of hospital stay (index event and repeated hospitalizations) and the temporal pattern of recovery of right ventricular function over the 6-month follow-up period. By applying and evaluating a contemporary risk-tailored treatment strategy for acute PE, PEITHO-2 will implement the recommendations of current guidelines and contribute to their further evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederikus A Klok
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Ageno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano Barco
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Brenner
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Empen
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Joachim H Ficker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, General Hospital Nuernberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuernberg, Germany
| | - Nazzareno Galiè
- Department of Investigational, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexandre Ghuysen
- Emergency Care, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Centre, Liège, Belgium
| | - Matthias Held
- Medical Mission Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Academic Teaching Hospital, Julius-Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Heydenreich
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Jiménez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matija Kozak
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irene M Lang
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mareike Lankeit
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Medical Department, Charité Campus Virchow -Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antoniu Petris
- Cardiology Clinic, St. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Piotr Pruszczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kurt Quitzau
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Kai-Helge Schmidt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Branislav S Stefanovic
- Coronary Care Unit, Cardiology Clinic, Emergency Center, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Franck Verschuren
- Emergency Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Guy Meyer
- Pulmonology and Intensive Care Service, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR S 970, Paris, INNOVTE, France
| | - Stavros V Konstantinides
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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van der Heiden PLJ, Prins MH, de Monyé W, van Strijen MLJ, Banga JD, Postmus PE, Ten Wolde M, Büller HR, Brandjes DPM, Huisman MV. Pulmonary embolism as a first clinical sign of occult malignancy: A prospective follow-up study. Thromb Haemost 2017; 95:584-5. [PMID: 16525594 DOI: 10.1160/th05-10-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ende-Verhaar YM, Kroft LJM, Mos ICM, Huisman MV, Klok FA. Accuracy and reproducibility of CT right-to-left ventricular diameter measurement in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188862. [PMID: 29182657 PMCID: PMC5705138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction caused by acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with poor short- and long-term prognosis. RV dilatation as a proxy for RV dysfunction can be assessed by calculating the right-to-left ventricle diameter (RV/LV) ratio on standard computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) images. It is unknown whether dedicated training is required to accurately and reproducibly measure RV/LV ratio therefore we aimed to assess these parameters in residents in internal medicine without experience in CTPA reading. METHODS CTPA images of 100 patients with PE were assessed by three residents after single instruction, and one experienced thoracic radiologist. Maximum diameters were evaluated in the axial view by measuring the distance between the ventricular endocardium and the interventricular septum, perpendicular to the long axis of the heart. RV dilatation was defined as a ratio of ≥1.0. Interobserver accuracy and reproducibility was determined using Kappa statistics, Bland-Altman analysis and Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS The kappa statistic for the presence of RV dilatation of the residents compared to the experienced radiologist ranged from 0.83-0.94. The average interobserver difference in calculated RV/LV ratio's (±SD) between the three residents was: -0.01 (SD0.11), 0.07 (SD0.14) and 0.06 (SD0.18) with an overall mean RV/LV diameter ratio of 1.04. In line with this, Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were 0.92, 0.88 and 0.85 respectively indicating very good correlation (p<0.01 for all). CONCLUSION After simple instruction, RV/LV diameter ratio assessment on CTPA images by clinical residents is accurate and reproducible, which is of help in identifying PE patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne M. Ende-Verhaar
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Lucia J. M. Kroft
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Inge C. M. Mos
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno V. Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frederikus A. Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Crobach MJT, Dolsma A, Donker ML, Eijsvogel M, Faber LM, Hofstee HMA, Kaasjager KAH, Kruip MJHA, Labots G, Melissant CF, Sikkens MSG, Huisman MV, Zondag W, den Exter PL. Comparison of two methods for selection of out of hospital treatment in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Thromb Haemost 2017; 109:47-52. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-07-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe aim of this study is to compare the performance of two clinical decision rules to select patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) for outpatient treatment: the Hestia criteria and the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI). From 2008 to 2010, 468 patients with PE were triaged with the Hestia criteria for outpatient treatment: 247 PE patients were treated at home and 221 were treated as inpatients. The outcome of interest was all-cause 30-day mortality. In a post-hoc fashion, the sPESI items were scored and patients were classified according to the sPESI in low and high risk groups. Of the 247 patients treated at home, 189 (77%) patients were classified as low risk according to the sPESI and 58 patients (23%) as high risk. In total, 11 patients died during the first month; two patients treated at home and nine patients treated in-hospital. None of the patients treated at home died of fatal PE. Both the Hestia criteria and sPESI selected >50% of patients as low risk, with good sensitivity and negative predictive values for 30-day mortality: 82% and 99% for the Hestia criteria and 91% and 100% for the sPESI, respectively. The Hestia criteria and the sPESI classified different patients eligible for out-patient treatment, with similar low risks for 30-day mortality. This study suggests that the Hestia criteria may identify a proportion of high risk sPESI patiennts who can be safely treated at home, this however requires further validation.
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Klok FA, van der Bijl N, de Roos A, Kroft LJM, Huisman MV, Pasha SM. NT-pro-BNP levels in patients with acute pulmonary embolism are correlated to right but not left ventricular volume and function. Thromb Haemost 2017; 108:367-72. [DOI: 10.1160/th11-12-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryN-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-pro-BNP) is primarily secreted by left ventricular (LV) stretch and wall tension. Notably, NT-pro-BNP is a prognostic marker in acute pulmonary embolism (PE), which primarily stresses the right ventricle (RV). We sought to evaluate the relative contribution of the RV to NT-pro-BNP levels during PE. A posthoc analysis of an observational prospective outcome study in 113 consecutive patients with computed tomography (CT)-proven PE and 226 patients in whom PE was clinically suspected but ruled out by CT. In all patients RV and LV function was established by assessing ECG-triggered-CT measured ventricular end-diastolic-volumes and ejection fraction (EF). NT-pro-BNP was assessed in all patients. The correlation between RV and LV end-diastolic-volumes and systolic function was evaluated by multiple linear regression corrected for known con-founders. In the PE cohort increased RVEF (β-coefficient (95% confidence interval [CI]) –0.044 (± –0.011); p<0.001) and higher RV enddiastolic-volume (β-coefficient 0.005 (± 0.001); p<0.001) were significantly correlated to NT-pro-BNP, while no correlation was found with LVEF ( β-coefficient 0.005 (± 0.010); p=0.587) and LV end-diastolic-volume (β-coefficient –0.003 (± 0.002); p=0.074). In control patients without PE we found a strong correlation between NT-pro-BNP levels and LVEF ( β-coefficient –0.027 (± –0.006); p<0.001) although not LV enddiastolic-volume (β-coefficient 0.001 (± 0.001); p=0.418). RVEF (β-co-efficient –0.002 (± –0.006); p=0.802) and RV end-diastolic-volume (β-coefficient <0.001 (± 0.001); p=0.730) were not correlated in patients without PE. In PE patients, lower RVEF and higher RV end-diastolic-volume were significantly correlated to NT-pro-BNP levels as compared to control patients without PE. These observations provide patho-physiological ground for the well-known prognostic value of NT-pro-BNP in acute PE.
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227
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Zidane M, Djurabi RK, Nijkeuter M, Klok FA, Huisman MV. The physician’s estimation ‘alternative diagnosis is less likely than pulmonary embolism’ in the Wells rule is dependent on the presence of other required items. Thromb Haemost 2017; 99:244-5. [DOI: 10.1160/th07-09-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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van der Bijl N, Mos ICM, de Roos A, Kroft LJM, Huisman MV, A. Klok F. Timing of NT-pro-BNP sampling for predicting adverse outcome after acute pulmonary embolism. Thromb Haemost 2017; 104:189-90. [DOI: 10.1160/th10-01-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kroft LJM, Erkens PMG, Douma RA, Mos ICM, Jonkers G, Hovens MMC, Durian MF, Cate HT, Beenen LFM, Kamphuisen PW, Huisman MV, den Exter PL, van Es J. Thromboembolic resolution assessed by CT pulmonary angiography after treatment for acute pulmonary embolism. Thromb Haemost 2017; 114:26-34. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-10-0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe systematic assessment of residual thromboembolic obstruction after treatment for acute pulmonary embolism (PE) has been under-studied. This assessment is of potential clinical importance, should clinically suspected recurrent PE occur, or as tool for risk stratification of cardiopulmonary complications or recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). This study aimed to assess the rate of PE resolution and its implications for clinical outcome. In this prospective, multi-center cohort study, 157 patients with acute PE diagnosed by CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) underwent follow-up CTPA-imaging after six months of anticoagulant treatment. Two expert thoracic radiologists independently assessed the presence of residual thromboembolic obstruction. The degree of obstruction at baseline and follow-up was calculated using the Qanadli obstruction index. All patients were followed-up for 2.5 years. At baseline, the median obstruction index was 27.5 %. After six months of treatment, complete PE resolution had occurred in 84.1 % of the patients (95 % confidence interval (CI): 77.4–89.4 %). The median obstruction index of the 25 patients with residual thrombotic obstruction was 5.0 %. During follow-up, 16 (10.2 %) patients experienced recurrent VTE. The presence of residual thromboembolic obstruction was not associated with recurrent VTE (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.92; 95 % CI: 0.2–4.1). This study indicates that the incidence of residual thrombotic obstruction following treatment for PE is considerably lower than currently anticipated. These findings, combined with the absence of a correlation between residual thrombotic obstruction and recurrent VTE, do not support the routine use of follow-up CTPA-imaging in patients treated for acute PE.
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Jimenez D, Martin-Saborido C, Muriel A, Zamora J, Morillo R, Barrios D, Klok FA, Huisman MV, Tapson V, Yusen RD. Efficacy and safety outcomes of recanalisation procedures in patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Thorax 2017; 73:464-471. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundWe aimed to review the efficacy and safety of recanalisation procedures for the treatment of PE.MethodsWe searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, EBSCO, Web of Science and CINAHL databases from inception through 31 July 2015 and included randomised clinical trials that compared the effect of a recanalisation procedure versus each other or anticoagulant therapy in patients diagnosed with PE. We used network meta-analysis and multivariate random-effects meta-regression to estimate pooled differences between each intervention and meta-regression to assess the association between trial characteristics and the reported effects of recanalisation procedures versus anticoagulation.ResultsFor all-cause mortality, there were no significant differences in event rates between any of the recanalisation procedures and anticoagulant treatment (full-dose thrombolysis: OR 0.60; 95% CI0.36 to 1.01; low-dose thrombolysis: 0.47; 95% CI 0.14 to 1.59; and catheter-associated thrombolysis: 0.31; 95% CI 0.01 to 7.96). Full-dose thrombolysis increased the risk of major bleeding (2.00; 95% CI 1.06 to 3.78) compared with anticoagulation. Catheter-directed thrombolysis was associated with the lowest probability of dying (surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA), 0.67), followed by low-dose thrombolysis (SUCRA, 0.66) and full-dose thrombolysis (SUCRA, 0.55). Similarly, low-dose thrombolysis was associated with the lowest probability of major bleeding (SUCRA, 0.61), followed by catheter-directed thrombolysis (SUCRA, 0.54) and full-dose thrombolysis (SUCRA, 0.17). The results were similar in sensitivity analyses based on restricting only to studies in haemodynamically stable patients with PE.ConclusionsIn the treatment of PE, recanalisation procedures do not seem to offer a clear advantage compared with standard anticoagulation. Low-dose thrombolysis was associated with the lowest probability of dying and bleeding.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42015024670.
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Dronkers CEA, Ende-Verhaar YM, Kyrle PA, Righini M, Cannegieter SC, Huisman MV, Klok FA. Disease prevalence dependent failure rate in diagnostic management studies on suspected deep vein thrombosis: communication from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:2270-2273. [PMID: 28922557 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C E A Dronkers
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Y M Ende-Verhaar
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P A Kyrle
- Department of Medicine I, General Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Righini
- Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S C Cannegieter
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Robert-Ebadi H, Mostaguir K, Hovens MM, Kare M, Verschuren F, Girard P, Huisman MV, Moustafa F, Kamphuisen PW, Buller HR, Righini M, Le Gal G. Assessing clinical probability of pulmonary embolism: prospective validation of the simplified Geneva score. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1764-1769. [PMID: 28688113 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Essentials The simplified Geneva score allows easier pretest probability assessment of pulmonary embolism (PE). We prospectively validated this score in the ADJUST-PE management outcome study. The study shows that it is safe to manage patients with suspected PE according to this score. The simplified Geneva score is now ready for use in routine clinical practice. SUMMARY Background Pretest probability assessment by a clinical prediction rule (CPR) is an important step in the management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). A limitation to the use of CPRs is that their constitutive variables and corresponding number of points are difficult to memorize. A simplified version of the Geneva score (i.e. attributing one point to each variable) has been proposed but never been prospectively validated. Aims Prospective validation of the simplified Geneva score (SGS) and comparison with the previous version of the Geneva score (GS). Methods In the ADJUST-PE study, which had the primary aim of validating the age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off, the SGS was prospectively used to determine the pretest probability in a subsample of 1621 study patients. Results Overall, PE was confirmed in 294 (18.1%) patients. Using the SGS, 608 (37.5%), 980 (60.5%) and 33 (2%) were classified as having a low, intermediate and high clinical probability. Corresponding prevalences of PE were 9.7%, 22.4% and 45.5%; 490 (30.1%) patients with low or intermediate probability had a D-dimer level below 500 μg L-1 and 653 (41.1%) had a negative D-dimer test according to the age-adjusted cut-off. Using the GS, the figures were 491(30.9%) and 650 (40.9%). None of the patients considered as not having PE based on a low or intermediate SGS and negative D-dimer had a recurrent thromboembolic event during the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions The use of SGS has similar efficiency and safety to the GS in excluding PE in association with the D-dimer test.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Robert-Ebadi
- Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Mostaguir
- Clinical Research Center, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M M Hovens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - M Kare
- Emergency room, Centre Hospitalier d'Agen, Agen, France
| | - F Verschuren
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - P Girard
- Département Thoracique, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - M V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F Moustafa
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P W Kamphuisen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H R Buller
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Righini
- Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Le Gal
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- CIC1412, Université de Brest, Brest, France
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den Exter PL, Klok FA, Huisman MV. Reply: N-Terminal Pro–Brain Natriuretic Peptide Trial Design. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:531-532. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201701-0252le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Pollack CV, Reilly PA, van Ryn J, Eikelboom JW, Glund S, Bernstein RA, Dubiel R, Huisman MV, Hylek EM, Kam CW, Kamphuisen PW, Kreuzer J, Levy JH, Royle G, Sellke FW, Stangier J, Steiner T, Verhamme P, Wang B, Young L, Weitz JI. Idarucizumab for Dabigatran Reversal - Full Cohort Analysis. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:431-441. [PMID: 28693366 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1707278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 640] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idarucizumab, a monoclonal antibody fragment, was developed to reverse the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran. METHODS We performed a multicenter, prospective, open-label study to determine whether 5 g of intravenous idarucizumab would be able to reverse the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran in patients who had uncontrolled bleeding (group A) or were about to undergo an urgent procedure (group B). The primary end point was the maximum percentage reversal of the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran within 4 hours after the administration of idarucizumab, on the basis of the diluted thrombin time or ecarin clotting time. Secondary end points included the restoration of hemostasis and safety measures. RESULTS A total of 503 patients were enrolled: 301 in group A, and 202 in group B. The median maximum percentage reversal of dabigatran was 100% (95% confidence interval, 100 to 100), on the basis of either the diluted thrombin time or the ecarin clotting time. In group A, 137 patients (45.5%) presented with gastrointestinal bleeding and 98 (32.6%) presented with intracranial hemorrhage; among the patients who could be assessed, the median time to the cessation of bleeding was 2.5 hours. In group B, the median time to the initiation of the intended procedure was 1.6 hours; periprocedural hemostasis was assessed as normal in 93.4% of the patients, mildly abnormal in 5.1%, and moderately abnormal in 1.5%. At 90 days, thrombotic events had occurred in 6.3% of the patients in group A and in 7.4% in group B, and the mortality rate was 18.8% and 18.9%, respectively. There were no serious adverse safety signals. CONCLUSIONS In emergency situations, idarucizumab rapidly, durably, and safely reversed the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim; RE-VERSE AD ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02104947 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles V Pollack
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Paul A Reilly
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Joanne van Ryn
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - John W Eikelboom
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Stephan Glund
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Richard A Bernstein
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Robert Dubiel
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Menno V Huisman
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Elaine M Hylek
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Chak-Wah Kam
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Pieter W Kamphuisen
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Jörg Kreuzer
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Gordon Royle
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Frank W Sellke
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Joachim Stangier
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Thorsten Steiner
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Peter Verhamme
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Bushi Wang
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Laura Young
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (C.V.P.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT (P.A.R., R.D., B.W.); Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach (J.R., S.G., J.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein (J.K.), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt (T.S.), and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg (T.S.) - all in Germany; McMaster University and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.W.E., J.I.W.); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago (R.A.B.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (M.V.H.), and Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum (P.W.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.M.H.); Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (C.-W.K.); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (J.H.L.); Middlemore Hospital (G.R.) and the University of Auckland (L.Y.) - both in Auckland, New Zealand; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (F.W.S.); and KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
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van der Hulle T, Cheung WY, Kooij S, Beenen LFM, van Bemmel T, van Es J, Faber LM, Hazelaar GM, Heringhaus C, Hofstee H, Hovens MMC, Kaasjager KAH, van Klink RCJ, Kruip MJHA, Loeffen RF, Mairuhu ATA, Middeldorp S, Nijkeuter M, van der Pol LM, Schol-Gelok S, Ten Wolde M, Klok FA, Huisman MV. Simplified diagnostic management of suspected pulmonary embolism (the YEARS study): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Lancet 2017; 390:289-297. [PMID: 28549662 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Validated diagnostic algorithms in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism are often not used correctly or only benefit subgroups of patients, leading to overuse of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). The YEARS clinical decision rule that incorporates differential D-dimer cutoff values at presentation, has been developed to be fast, to be compatible with clinical practice, and to reduce the number of CTPA investigations in all age groups. We aimed to prospectively evaluate this novel and simplified diagnostic algorithm for suspected acute pulmonary embolism. METHODS We did a prospective, multicentre, cohort study in 12 hospitals in the Netherlands, including consecutive patients with suspected pulmonary embolism between Oct 5, 2013, to July 9, 2015. Patients were managed by simultaneous assessment of the YEARS clinical decision rule, consisting of three items (clinical signs of deep vein thrombosis, haemoptysis, and whether pulmonary embolism is the most likely diagnosis), and D-dimer concentrations. In patients without YEARS items and D-dimer less than 1000 ng/mL, or in patients with one or more YEARS items and D-dimer less than 500 ng/mL, pulmonary embolism was considered excluded. All other patients had CTPA. The primary outcome was the number of independently adjudicated events of venous thromboembolism during 3 months of follow-up after pulmonary embolism was excluded, and the secondary outcome was the number of required CTPA compared with the Wells' diagnostic algorithm. For the primary outcome regarding the safety of the diagnostic strategy, we used a per-protocol approach. For the secondary outcome regarding the efficiency of the diagnostic strategy, we used an intention-to-diagnose approach. This trial is registered with the Netherlands Trial Registry, number NTR4193. FINDINGS 3616 consecutive patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism were screened, of whom 151 (4%) were excluded. The remaining 3465 patients were assessed of whom 456 (13%) were diagnosed with pulmonary embolism at baseline. Of the 2946 patients (85%) in whom pulmonary embolism was ruled out at baseline and remained untreated, 18 patients were diagnosed with symptomatic venous thromboembolism during 3-month follow-up (0·61%, 95% CI 0·36-0·96) of whom six had fatal pulmonary embolism (0·20%, 0·07-0·44). CTPA was not indicated in 1651 (48%) patients with the YEARS algorithm compared with 1174 (34%) patients, if Wells' rule and fixed D-dimer threshold of less than 500 ng/mL would have been applied, a difference of 14% (95% CI 12-16). INTERPRETATION In our study pulmonary embolism was safely excluded by the YEARS diagnostic algorithm in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. The main advantage of the YEARS algorithm in our patients is the absolute 14% decrease of CTPA examinations in all ages and across several relevant subgroups. FUNDING This study was supported by unrestricted grants from the participating hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom van der Hulle
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Whitney Y Cheung
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Kooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Ludo F M Beenen
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Josien van Es
- Department of Pulmonology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura M Faber
- Department of Medicine, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, Netherlands
| | - Germa M Hazelaar
- Department of Pulmonology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Christian Heringhaus
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Herman Hofstee
- Department of Medicine, Medisch Centrum Haaglanden, The Hague, Netherlands
| | | | - Karin A H Kaasjager
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rinske F Loeffen
- Department of Medicine, Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp, Netherlands
| | | | - Saskia Middeldorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Nijkeuter
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Frederikus A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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Abstract
Incidental pulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequent finding on routine computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest, occurring in 1.1% of coronary CT scans and 3.6% of oncological CT scans. Despite this high frequency, optimal management of incidental PE has not been addressed in clinical trials and remains the subject of debate. Although these CT scans have not been performed with a dedicated PE protocol and have suboptimal contrast enhancement, diagnosis of incidental PE has been shown to be accurate up to the segmental and subsegmental arteries. The embolic load in incidental PE is lower than that in symptomatic PE. Even so, observational studies suggest that the natural course of incidental PE is similar to that of symptomatic PE with regard to the risk of recurrent venous thrombotic disease and mortality. Interestingly, the increased use of more advanced CT technology has coincided with an increase in the rate of incidental subsegmental PE, as is the case for symptomatic subsegmental PE. Although clinical trials are lacking, and observational data are limited to cancer-associated incidental PE, the consensus is that the management of incidental PE is identical to that of symptomatic PE, including the choice of optimal drug class, outpatient treatment and total duration of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederikus A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Tromeur
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Groupe d’Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale, Equipe d’Accueil 3878, Department of Internal Medicine and Chest Diseases, Hôpital de la cavale Blanche, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique INSERM 1412, University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Liselotte M Van Der Pol
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Francis Couturaud
- Groupe d’Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale, Equipe d’Accueil 3878, Department of Internal Medicine and Chest Diseases, Hôpital de la cavale Blanche, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique INSERM 1412, University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Frederikus A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Menno V. Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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van der Hulle T, van Es N, den Exter PL, van Es J, Mos ICM, Douma RA, Kruip MJHA, Hovens MMC, Ten Wolde M, Nijkeuter M, Ten Cate H, Kamphuisen PW, Büller HR, Huisman MV, Klok FA. Is a normal computed tomography pulmonary angiography safe to rule out acute pulmonary embolism in patients with a likely clinical probability? A patient-level meta-analysis. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1622-1629. [PMID: 28569924 DOI: 10.1160/th17-02-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A normal computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) remains a controversial criterion for ruling out acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with a likely clinical probability. We set out to determine the risk of VTE and fatal PE after a normal CTPA in this patient category and compare these risk to those after a normal pulmonary angiogram of 1.7 % (95 %CI 1.0-2.7 %) and 0.3 % (95 %CI 0.02-0.7 %). A patient-level meta-analysis from 4 prospective diagnostic management studies that sequentially applied the Wells rule, D-dimer tests and CTPA to consecutive patients with clinically suspected acute PE. The primary outcome was the 3-month VTE incidence after a normal CTPA. A total of 6,148 patients were included with an overall PE prevalence of 24 %. The 3-month VTE incidence in all 4,421 patients in whom PE was excluded at baseline was 1.2 % (95 %CI 0.48-2.6) and the risk of fatal PE was 0.11 % (95 %CI 0.02-0.70). In patients with a likely clinical probability the 3-month incidences of VTE and fatal PE were 2.0 % (95 %CI 1.0-4.1 %) and 0.48 % (95 %CI 0.20-1.1 %) after a normal CTPA. The 3-month incidence of VTE was 6.3 % (95 %CI 3.0-12) in patients with a Wells rule >6 points. In conclusion, this study suggests that a normal CTPA may be considered as a valid diagnostic criterion to rule out PE in the majority of patients with a likely clinical probability, although the risk of VTE is higher in subgroups such as patients with a Wells rule >6 points for which a closer follow-up should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom van der Hulle
- Tom van der Hulle, MD, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands, Tel.: + 31 71 526 8132, Fax: +31 71 526 6868, E-mail:
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Dronkers CEA, van der Hulle T, Le Gal G, Kyrle PA, Huisman MV, Cannegieter SC, Klok FA. Towards a tailored diagnostic standard for future diagnostic studies in pulmonary embolism: communication from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1040-1043. [PMID: 28296048 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C E A Dronkers
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - T van der Hulle
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - G Le Gal
- Department of Medicine and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - P A Kyrle
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Clinical Thrombosis Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - M V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - S C Cannegieter
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Women are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) during pregnancy and VTE remains one of the main causes of maternal mortality in developed countries (Konstantinides SV, et al. Eur Heart J 2014; 35(43):3033-69, 69a-69k). Although an accurate diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in pregnant patients is thus of crucial importance, the diagnostic management of suspected PE is challenging for this specific patient category. As D-dimer levels increase physiologically throughout pregnancy, the optimal D-dimer threshold to rule out PE during pregnancy remains unknown. Available clinical decision rules, such as the Wells score and the revised Geneva rule, have not been evaluated in pregnant patients. Also, although ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) lung scan and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) can be used in the pregnant population, both modalities have disadvantages of radiation exposure to both mother and foetus. Because of these uncertainties, clinical guidelines provide contradicting recommendations with weak levels of evidence. In this review, we illustrate these dilemmas and provide practice recommendation for the diagnostic management of suspected PE in pregnancy using two real-life patient cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Tromeur
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale, Equipe d'Accueil 3878, Department of Internal Medicine and Chest Diseases, Brest, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM 1412, Groupe d'Investigation et de Recherche Clinique, Brittany University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Liselotte M van der Pol
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frederikus A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francis Couturaud
- Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale, Equipe d'Accueil 3878, Department of Internal Medicine and Chest Diseases, Brest, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM 1412, Groupe d'Investigation et de Recherche Clinique, Brittany University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Pollack CV, Bernstein R, Dubiel R, Reilly P, Gruenenfelder F, Huisman MV, Kam CW, Kleine E, Levy JH, Sellke FW, Steiner T, Ustyugova A, Weitz JI. Healthcare resource utilization in patients receiving idarucizumab for reversal of dabigatran anticoagulation due to major bleeding, urgent surgery, or procedural interventions: interim results from the RE-VERSE AD™ study. J Med Econ 2017; 20:435-442. [PMID: 27981865 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2016.1273229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Patients treated with anticoagulants may experience serious bleeding or require urgent surgery or intervention, and may benefit from rapid anticoagulant reversal. This exploratory analysis assessed healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) in patients treated with idarucizumab, a specific reversal agent for dabigatran etexilate. MATERIALS AND METHODS RE-VERSE AD™ (NCT02104947), a prospective, multi-center open-label study, is evaluating idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal in patients with serious bleeding (Group A) or undergoing emergency surgery/procedures (Group B). HCRU outcome measures evaluated in the first 90 patients enrolled were use of blood products and pro-hemostatic agents, length of stay (LOS) in hospital, and LOS in intensive care unit (ICU). RESULTS Blood products or pro-hemostatic agents were given to 63% (32/51) of patients in Group A and 23% (9/39) of patients in Group B on the day of/day after surgery. An overnight hospital stay was reported for 82% (42/51) of patients in Group A with median LOS = 7 (range = 1-71) bed-days. For Group B, 92% (36/39) had an overnight hospital stay with a median LOS = 9 (range = 1-92) bed-days. In Group A, 17 patients were admitted to the ICU for at least 1 day with median LOS = 4 (range = 1-44) days; in Group B the number was 15 with median LOS = 2 (range = 1-92) days. LIMITATIONS The lack of a control group and the small patient numbers limit the strength of the conclusions. CONCLUSIONS The use of idarucizumab may simplify emergency management of dabigatran-treated patients with life-threatening bleeds and reduce perioperative complications in patients undergoing emergency surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Dubiel
- c Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT , USA
| | - Paul Reilly
- c Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , CT , USA
| | | | - Menno V Huisman
- e Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , the Netherlands
| | - Chak-Wah Kam
- f Tuen Mun Hospital , Tuen Mun , New Territories , Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Eva Kleine
- g Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG , Ingelheim , Germany
| | | | - Frank W Sellke
- i Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Medical School , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Thorsten Steiner
- j Klinik für Neurologie , Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst , Frankfurt and Universitätsklinikum , Heidelberg , Germany
| | | | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- l McMaster University and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
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van Es N, Kraaijpoel N, Klok FA, Huisman MV, Den Exter PL, Mos ICM, Galipienzo J, Büller HR, Bossuyt PM. The original and simplified Wells rules and age-adjusted D-dimer testing to rule out pulmonary embolism: an individual patient data meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:678-684. [PMID: 28106338 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Evidence for the simplified Wells rule in ruling out acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is scarce. This was a post-hoc analysis on data from 6 studies comprising 7268 patients with suspected PE. The simplified Wells rule combined with age-adjusted D-dimer testing may safely rule out PE. Given its ease of use, the simplified Wells rule is to be preferred over the original Wells rule. SUMMARY Background The Wells score and D-dimer testing can safely rule out pulmonary embolism (PE). A simplification of the Wells score has been proposed to improve clinical applicability, but evidence on its performance is scarce. Objectives To compare the performances of the original and simplified Wells scores alone and in combination with age-adjusted D-dimer testing. Methods Individual patient data from 7268 patients with suspected PE enrolled in six management studies were used to evaluate the discriminatory performances of the original and simplified Wells scores. The efficiency and failure rate of the dichotomized original and simplified scores combined with age-adjusted D-dimer testing were compared by use of a one-stage random effects meta-analysis. Efficiency was defined as the proportion of patients in whom PE could be considered to be excluded on the basis of a 'PE unlikely' Wells score and a negative age-adjusted D-dimer test result. Failure rate was defined as the proportion of patients with symptomatic venous thromboembolism during a 3-month follow-up. Results The discriminatory performances of the original and simplified Wells scores were comparable (c-statistic 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72-0.75] versus 0.72 [95% CI 0.70-0.73]). When combined with age-adjusted D-dimer testing, the original and simplified Wells rules had comparable efficiency (3% [95% CI 25-42%] versus 30% [95% CI 21-40%]) and failure rates (0.9% [95% CI 0.6-1.5%] versus 0.8% [95% CI 0.5-1.3%]). Conclusion The original and simplified Wells rules combined with age-adjusted D-dimer testing have similar performances in ruling out PE. Given its ease of use in clinical practice, the simplified Wells rule is to be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- N van Es
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N Kraaijpoel
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P L Den Exter
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - I C M Mos
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Galipienzo
- Service of Anesthesiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - H R Büller
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P M Bossuyt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Rodger MA, Le Gal G, Anderson DR, Schmidt J, Pernod G, Kahn SR, Righini M, Mismetti P, Kearon C, Meyer G, Elias A, Ramsay T, Ortel TL, Huisman MV, Kovacs MJ. Validating the HERDOO2 rule to guide treatment duration for women with unprovoked venous thrombosis: multinational prospective cohort management study. BMJ 2017; 356:j1065. [PMID: 28314711 PMCID: PMC6287588 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To prospectively validate the HERDOO2 rule (Hyperpigmentation, Edema, or Redness in either leg; D-dimer level ≥250 μg/L; Obesity with body mass index ≥30; or Older age, ≥65 years), which states that women with none or one of the criteria can safely discontinue anticoagulants after short term treatment.Design Prospective cohort management study.Setting 44 secondary or tertiary care centres in seven countries.Participants Of 3155 consecutive eligible participants with a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE, proximal leg deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) who completed 5-12 months of short term anticoagulant treatment, 370 declined to participate, leaving 2785 enrolled participants. 2.3% were lost to follow-up.Interventions Women with none or one of the HERDOO2 criteria were classified as at low risk of recurrent VTE and discontinued anticoagulants (intervention arm), whereas anticoagulant management for high risk women (≥2 HERDOO2 criteria) and men was left to the discretion of the clinicians and patients (observation arm).Main outcome measure Recurrent symptomatic VTE (independently and blindly adjudicated) over one year of follow-up.Results Of 1213 women, 631 (51.3%) were classified as low risk and 591 discontinued oral anticoagulant treatment. In the primary analysis, 17 low risk women who discontinued anticoagulants developed recurrent VTE during 564 patient years of follow-up (3.0% per patient year, 95% confidence interval 1.8% to 4.8%). In 323 high risk women and men who discontinued anticoagulants, 25 had VTE during 309 patient years of follow-up (8.1%, 5.2% to 11.9%), whereas in 1802 high risk women and men who continued anticoagulants 28 had recurrent VTE during 1758 patient years of follow-up (1.6%, 1.1% to 2.3%).Conclusions Women with a first unprovoked VTE event and none or one of the HERDOO2 criteria have a low risk of recurrent VTE and can safely discontinue anticoagulants after completing short term treatment.Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT00967304.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Rodger
- Thrombosis Program, Division of Hematology, Ottawa Blood Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventative Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gregoire Le Gal
- Thrombosis Program, Division of Hematology, Ottawa Blood Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventative Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- EA 3878, INSERM CIC 1412, Université de Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Jeannot Schmidt
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont, France
| | - Gilles Pernod
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Susan R Kahn
- Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Righini
- Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Mismetti
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne Bellevue, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Clive Kearon
- Department of Medicine and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Meyer
- Respiratory Department, Hopital Europeen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne, Paris Cité: INSERM UMRS 970, Paris, and INNOVTE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Antoine Elias
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Toulon, Toulon, France
| | - Tim Ramsay
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventative Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas L Ortel
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michael J Kovacs
- London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Ende-Verhaar YM, Huisman MV, Klok FA. To screen or not to screen for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism. Thromb Res 2017; 151:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Magro-Checa C, Zirkzee EJ, Beaart-van de Voorde LJ, Middelkoop HA, van der Wee NJ, Huisman MV, Eikenboom J, Kruyt ND, van Buchem MA, Huizinga TW, Steup-Beekman GM. Value of multidisciplinary reassessment in attribution of neuropsychiatric events to systemic lupus erythematosus: prospective data from the Leiden NPSLE cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:1676-1683. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ende-Verhaar YM, Cannegieter SC, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Delcroix M, Pruszczyk P, Mairuhu ATA, Huisman MV, Klok FA. Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism: a contemporary view of the published literature. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/2/1601792. [PMID: 28232411 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01792-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) after pulmonary embolism (PE) is relevant for management decisions but is currently unknown.We performed a meta-analysis of studies including consecutive PE patients followed for CTEPH. Study cohorts were predefined as "all comers", "survivors" or "survivors without major comorbidities". CTEPH incidences were calculated using random effects models.We selected 16 studies totalling 4047 PE patients who were mostly followed up for >2-years. In 1186 all comers (two studies), the pooled CTEPH incidence was 0.56% (95% CI 0.1-1.0). In 999 survivors (four studies) CTEPH incidence was 3.2% (95% CI 2.0-4.4). In 1775 survivors without major comorbidities (nine studies), CTEPH incidence was 2.8% (95% CI 1.5-4.1). Both recurrent venous thromboembolism and unprovoked PE were significantly associated with a higher risk of CTEPH, with odds ratios of 3.2 (95% CI 1.7-5.9) and 4.1 (95% CI 2.1-8.2) respectively. The pooled CTEPH incidence in 12 studies that did not use right heart catheterisation as the diagnostic standard was 6.3% (95% CI 4.1-8.4).The 0.56% incidence in the all-comer group probably provides the best reflection of the incidence of CTEPH after PE on the population level. The ∼3% incidences in the survivor categories may be more relevant for daily clinical practice. Studies that assessed CTEPH diagnosis by tests other than right heart catheterisation provide overestimated CTEPH incidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne M Ende-Verhaar
- Dept of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C Cannegieter
- Dept of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marion Delcroix
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piotr Pruszczyk
- Dept of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Menno V Huisman
- Dept of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frederikus A Klok
- Dept of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Wilts IT, Le Gal G, Den Exter PL, Van Es J, Carrier M, Planquette B, Büller HR, Righini M, Huisman MV, Kamphuisen PW. Performance of the age-adjusted cut-off for D-dimer in patients with cancer and suspected pulmonary embolism. Thromb Res 2017; 152:49-51. [PMID: 28226257 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients frequently present with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). The D-dimer (DD) test is less useful in excluding PE in cancer patients due to the lower specificity. In the general population, the age-adjusted cutoff for DD combined with a clinical decision rule (CDR) improved specificity in the diagnosis of PE. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the age-adjusted cutoff (defined as age∗10μg/L in patients >50years) combined with a CDR for the exclusion of PE in cancer patients. METHODS We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the age-adjusted cutoff in patients with suspected PE. Here we report a post-hoc analysis on the performance of the age-adjusted cutoff in patients with and without cancer. The primary outcome was the rate of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) during three-month follow-up. RESULTS Of 3324 patients with suspected PE, 429 (12.9%) patients had cancer. The prevalence of PE was 25.2% in cancer patients and 18% in patients without cancer (p<0.001). Among cancer patients with an unlikely CDR, 9.9% had a DD <500μg/L as compared with 19.7% using the age-adjusted cutoff. In patients without cancer, these rates were 30.1% and 41.9%. The proportion of cancer patients in whom PE could be excluded by CDR and DD doubled from 6.3% to 12.6%. No VTE occurred during three-month follow-up (failure rate 0.0% (95% CI 0.0-6.9%)). CONCLUSION Compared with the conventional cutoff, the age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff doubles the proportion of patients with cancer in whom PE can be safely excluded by CDR and DD without imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- I T Wilts
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - G Le Gal
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - P L Den Exter
- Dept. of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - J Van Es
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Carrier
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - B Planquette
- Service de pneumologie et de soins intensifs, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
| | - H R Büller
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Righini
- Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - M V Huisman
- Dept. of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - P W Kamphuisen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum, The Netherlands.
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Mazurek M, Huisman MV, Lip GYH. Registries in Atrial Fibrillation: From Trials to Real-Life Clinical Practice. Am J Med 2017; 130:135-145. [PMID: 27746290 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent improvements in atrial fibrillation diagnosis and management have prompted the initiation of various registries, predominantly to assess adherence to new guidelines but also to address the pending questions of safety and effectiveness of newly introduced management options in "real-world" clinical practice settings. In this review, we appraise antithrombotic treatment patterns for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation registries. METHODS We searched PubMed, Science Direct, and the Cochrane databases for registries focusing on stroke thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation. RESULTS Registry data show that over the last decade, the proportion of patients receiving oral anticoagulation has increased (from ∼67% to >80%), whereas the proportion of those treated with aspirin only or untreated has diminished. Vitamin K antagonists are being replaced gradually by non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants as the more prevalent option. Regional and country differences in anticoagulation are evident, with its highest uptake in Europe (90.2%) and lowest in Asia (57.4%). Moreover, oral anticoagulation is given to approximately 50% of patients with no stroke risk factors, whereas more than one third of high-risk subjects are not anticoagulated but often prescribed antiplatelet therapy alone or untreated. Guideline-nonadherent thromboprophylaxis results in an increase in all-cause mortality and thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS Registry data show that despite an increase in anticoagulation rates over the last decade, management gaps in stroke prevention are still evident with approximately one third of patients not treated in line with the guidelines. Mortality rates of atrial fibrillation patients remain relatively high, mostly because of the comorbid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Mazurek
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Medical University, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Medicine-Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom; Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark.
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Huisman MV, Rothman KJ, Paquette M, Teutsch C, Diener HC, Dubner SJ, Halperin JL, Ma CS, Zint K, Elsaesser A, Bartels DB, Lip GY, Abban D, Abdul N, Abelson M, Ackermann A, Adams F, Adams L, Adragão P, Ageno W, Aggarwal R, Agosti S, Marin JA, Aguilar F, Aguilar Linares JA, Aguinaga L, Ahmad Z, Ainsworth P, Al Ghalayini K, Al Ismail S, Alasfar A, Alawwa A, Al-Dallow R, Alderson L, Alexopoulos D, Ali A, Ali M, Aliyar P, Al-Joundi T, Al Mahameed S, Almassi H, Almuti K, Al-Obaidi M, Alshehri M, Altmann U, Alves AR, Al-Zoebi A, Amara W, Amelot M, Amjadi N, Ammirati F, Andrawis N, Angoulvant D, Annoni G, Ansalone G, Antonescu SA, Ariani M, Arias JC, Armero S, Arora R, Arora C, Ashcraft W, Aslam MS, Astesiano A, Audouin P, Augenbraun C, Aydin S, Azar R, Azim A, Aziz S, Backes LM, Baig M, Bains S, Bakbak A, Baker S, Bakhtiar K, Bala R, Banayan J, Bandh S, Bando S, Banerjee S, Bank A, Barbarash O, Barón G, Barr C, Barrera C, Barton J, Kes VB, Baula G, Bayeh H, Bazargani N, Behrens S, Bell A, Benezet-Mazuecos J, Benhalima B, Berdagué P, Berg van den B, Bergen van P, Berngard E, Bernstein R, Yao J, Yarlagadda C, Yeh KH, Yotov Y, Yvorra S, Zahn R, Zamorano J, Zanini R, Zarich S, Zebrack J, Berrospi P, Zenin S, Zeuthen EL, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zhang D, Zhang D, Zhang H, Zhao S, Zhao X, Zheng Y, Berti S, Zheng Q, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zimmermann SL, Zimmermann R, Zukerman LS, Zwaan van der C, Bertomeu V, Berz A, Bettencourt P, Betzu R, Beyer-Westendorf J, Bhagwat R, Black T, Blanco Ibaceta JH, Bloom S, Blumberg E, Bo M, Bockisch V, Bøhmer E, Bongiorni MG, Boriani G, Bosch R, Boswijk D, Bott J, Bottacchi E, Kalan MB, Brandes A, Bratland B, Brautigam D, Breton N, Brouwers P, Browne K, Bruguera J, Brunehaut M, Brunschwig C, Buathier H, Buhl A, Bullinga J, Butcher K, Cabrera Honorio JW, Caccavo A, Cadinot D, Cai S, Calvi V, Camm J, Candeias R, Capo J, Capucci A, Cardoso JN, Duarte Vera YC, Carlson B, Carvalho P, Cary S, Casanova R, Casu G, Cattan S, Cavallini C, Cayla G, Cha TJ, Cha KS, Chaaban S, Chae JK, Challappa K, Chand S, Chandrashekar H, Chang M, Charbel P, Chartier L, Chatterjee K, Cheema A, Chen SA, Chevallereau P, Chiang FT, Chiarella F, Chih-Chan L, Cho YK, Choi DJ, Chouinard G, Danny, Chow HF, Chrysos D, Chumakova G, José Roberto Chuquiure Valenzuela EJ, Cieza-Lara T, Nica VC, Ciobotaru V, Cislowski D, Citerne O, Claus M, Clay A, Clifford P, Cohen S, Cohen A, Colivicchi F, Collins R, Compton S, Connors S, Conti A, Buenostro GC, Coodley G, Cooper M, Corbett L, Corey O, Coronel J, Corrigan J, Cotrina Pereyra RY, Cottin Y, Coutu B, Cracan A, Crean P, Crenshaw J, Crijns H, Crump C, Cucher F, Cudmore D, Cui L, Culp J, Darius H, Dary P, Dascotte O, Dauber I, Davee T, Davies R, Davis G, Davy JM, Dayer M, De La Briolle A, de Mora M, De Teresa E, De Wolf L, Decoulx E, Deepak S, Defaye P, Del-Carpio Munoz F, Brkljacic DD, Deluche L, Destrac S, Deumite N, Di Legge S, Dibon O, Diemberger I, Dillinger J, Dionísio P, Naydenov S, Dotani I, Dotcheva E, D'Souza A, Dubrey S, Ducrocq X, Dupljakov D, DuThinh V, Dutra OP, Dutta D, Duvilla N, Dy J, Dziewas R, Eaton C, Eaves W, Ebinger M, Eck van J, Edwards T, Egocheaga I, Ehrlich C, Eisenberg S, El Hallak A, El Jabali A, El Mahmoud R, El Shahawy M, Eldadah Z, Elghelbazouri F, Elhag O, El-Hamdani M, Elias D, Ellery A, El-Sayed H, Elvan A, Erickson B, Espaliat E, Essandoh L, Everington T, Evonich R, Ezhov A, Fácila L, Farsad R, Fayard M, Fedele F, Gomes Ferreira LG, Ferreira D, Santos JF, Ferrier A, Finsen A, First B, Fisher R, Floyd J, Folk T, Fonseca C, Fonseca L, Forman S, Forsgren M, Foster M, Foster N, Frais M, Frandsen B, Frappé T, Freixa R, French W, Freydlin M, Frickel S, Fruntelata AG, Fujii S, Fujino Y, Fukunaga H, Furukawa Y, Gabelmann M, Gabris M, Gadsbøll N, Galin P, Galinier M, Ganim R, Garcia R, Quintana AG, Gartenlaub O, Genz C, Georger F, Georges JL, Georgeson S, Ghanbasha A, Giedrimas E, Gierba M, Gillespie E, Giniger A, Gkotsis A, Gmehling J, Gniot J, Goethals P, Goldberg R, Goldmann B, Goldscher D, Golitsyn S, Gomez Lopez EA, Gomez Mesa JE, Gonzalez E, Cocina EG, Juanatey CG, Gorbunov V, Gordon B, Gorka H, Gornick C, Gorog D, Goss F, Götte A, Goube P, Goudevenos I, Goulden D, Graham B, Grande A, Greco C, Green M, Greer G, Gremmler U, Grena P, Grinshstein Y, Grond M, Gronda E, Grondin F, Grönefeld G, Groot de J, Guardigli G, Guarnieri T, Caiedo CG, Guignier A, Gulizia M, Gumbley M, Gupta D, Hack T, Haerer W, Hakas J, Hall C, Hampsey J, Hananis G, Hanbali B, Handel F, Hargrove J, Hargroves D, Harris K, Hartley D, Haruna T, Hata Y, Hayek E, Healey J, Hearne S, Heggelund G, Hemels M, Hemery Y, Henein S, Henz B, Her SH, Hermany P, Hernandes ME, Higashino Y, Hill M, Hisadome T, Hishida E, Hitchcock J, Hoffer E, Hoghton M, Holmes C, Hong SK, Houppe Nousse MP, Howard V, Hsu LF, Huang CH, Huckins D, Huehnergarth K, Huizenga A, Huntley R, Hussein G, Hwang GS, Igbokidi O, Iglesias I, Ikpoh M, Imberti D, Ince H, Indolfi C, Ionova T, Ip J, Irles D, Iseki H, Ismail Y, Israel N, Isserman S, Iteld B, Ivanchura G, Iyer R, Iyer V, Iza Villanueva RO, Jackson-Voyzey E, Jaffrani N, Jäger F, Jain M, James M, Jamon Y, Jang SW, Pereira Jardim CA, Jarmukli N, Jeanfreau R, Jenkins R, Jiang X, Jiang H, Jiang T, Jiang N, Jimenez J, Jobe R, Joffe I, Johansson B, Jones N, Moura Jorge JC, Jouve B, Jundi M, Jung W, Jung BC, Jung KT, Kabbani S, Kabour A, Kafkala C, Kajiwara K, Kalinina L, Kampus P, Kanda J, Kapadia S, Karim A, Karolyi L, Kashou H, Kastrup A, Katsivas A, Kaufman E, Kawai K, Kawajiri K, Kazmierski J, Keeling P, Kerfes GA, Kerr Saraiva JF, Ketova G, Khaira A, Khalid M, Khludeeva E, Khripun A, Kim DI, Kim DK, Kim NH, Kim KS, Kim YH, Kim JB, Kim JS, Kim JS, Kinova E, Klein A, Kleinschnitz C, Kmetzo J, Kneller GL, Knezevic A, Koch S, Koenig K, Angela Koh SM, Köhrmann M, Koons J, Korabathina R, Korennova O, Koschutnik M, Kosinski E, Kovacic D, Kowalczyk J, Koziolova N, Kragten J, Krause LU, Kreidieh I, Krenning B, Krishnaswamy K, Krysiak W, Kuck KH, Kumar S, Kümler T, Kuniss M, Kuo JY, Küppers A, Kurrelmeyer K, Kwan T, Kyo E, Labovitz A, Lacroix A, Lam A, Lanas Zanetti FT, Landau C, Landini G, Lang W, Larsen TB, Laske V, Lavandier K, Law N, Lee MH, Lee D, Leitão A, Lejay D, Lelonek M, Lenarczyk R, Leprince P, Lequeux B, Leschke M, Ley N, Li Z, Li Y, Li X, Li Z, Li W, Liang J, Lieber I, Lillestol M, Limon Rodriguez RH, Lin H, Lip G, Litchfield J, Liu Z, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu F, Liu W, Llamas Esperon GA, Llisterri JL, Lo T, Lo E, Lobos JM, Lodde BP, Loiselet P, López-Sendón J, Lorga Filho AM, Lori I, Luo M, Lupovitch S, Lyrer P, Zuhairy HM, Ma C, Ma G, Ma H, Madariaga I, Maeno K, Magnin D, Mahmood S, Mahood K, Maid G, Mainigi S, Makaritsis K, Maldonado Villalon JA, Malhotra R, Malik A, Mallecourt C, Mallik R, Manning R, Manolis A, Mantas I, Manzur Jattin FG, Marcionni N, Marín F, Santana AM, Martinez J, Martinez L, Maskova P, Hernández NM, Matskeplishvili S, Matsuda K, Mavri A, May E, Mayer N, Mazon P, McClure J, McCormack T, McGarity W, McGuire M, McIntyre H, McLaughlin P, McLaurin B, Medina Palomino FA, Mehta P, Mehzad R, Meinel A, Melandri F, Mena A, Meno H, Menzies D, Metcalf K, Meyer B, Miarka J, Mibach F, Michalski D, Michel P, Chreih RM, Mikdadi G, Mikhail M, Mikus M, Milicic D, Militaru C, Miller G, Milonas C, Minescu B, Mintale I, Miralles A, Mirault T, Mistry D, Mitchell G, Miu NV, Miyamoto N, Moccetti T, Mohammed A, Nor AM, Molina de Salazar DI, Molon G, Molony D, Mondillo S, Mont L, Moodley R, Moore R, Ribeiro Moreira DA, Mori K, Moriarty A, Morka J, Moschos N, Mota Gomes MA, Mousallem N, Moya A, Mügge A, Mulhearn T, Muller JJ, Muresan CM, Muse D, Musial W, Musumeci F, Nadar V, Nageh T, Nair P, Nakagawa H, Nakamura Y, Nakayama T, Nam KB, Napalkov D, Natarajan I, Nayak H, Nechvatal L, Neiman J, Nerheim P, Neuenschwander FC, Nishida K, Nizov A, Novikova T, Novo S, Nowalany-Kozielska E, Nsah E, Nunez Fragoso JC, Nyvad O, de Los Rios Ibarra MO, O'Donnell M, O'Donnell P, Oh DJ, Oh YS, Daniel Oh CT, O'Hara G, Oikonomou K, Olalla JJ, Olivari Z, Oliver R, Olympios C, Osborne J, Osca J, Osman R, Osunkoya A, Padanilam B, Panchenko E, Pandey AS, Vicenzo de Paola AA, Paraschos A, Pardell H, Park HW, Park JS, Parkash R, Parker I, Parrens E, Parris R, Passamonti E, Patel J, Patel R, Pentz WH, Persic V, Perticone F, Peters P, Petkar S, Pezo LF, Pham D, Cao Phai GP, Phlaum S, Pineau J, Pineda-Velez A, Pini R, Pinter A, Pinto F, Pirelli S, Pivac N, Pizzini AM, Pocanic D, Calin Podoleanu CG, Polanczyk CA, Polasek P, Poljakovic Z, Pollock S, Polo J, Poock J, Poppert H, Porro Y, Pose A, Poulain F, Poulard JE, Pouzar J, Povolny P, Pozzer D, Pras A, Prasad N, Prevot S, Protasov K, Prunier L, Puleo J, Pye M, Qaddoura F, Quedillac JM, Raev D, Rahimi S, Raisaro A, Rama B, Ranadive N, Randall K, Ranjith N, Raposo N, Rashid H, Raters C, Rauch-Kroehnert U, Rebane T, Regner S, Renzi M, Reyes Rocha MA, Reza S, Ria L, Richter D, Rickli H, Rickner K, Rieker W, Rigo F, Ripoll T, Fonteles Ritt LE, Roberts D, Pascual CR, Briones IR, Reyes HR, Roelke M, Roman M, Romeo F, Ronner E, Ronziere T, Rooyer F, Rosenbaum D, Roth S, Rozkova N, Rubacek M, Rubalcava F, Rubanenko O, Rubin A, Borret MR, Rybak K, Sabbour H, Morales OS, Sakai T, Salacata A, Salecker I, Salem A, Salfity M, Salguero R, Salvioni A, Samson M, Sanchez G, Sandesara C, Saporito WF, Sasaoka T, Sattar P, Savard D, Scala PJ, Scemama J, Schaupp T, Schellinger P, Scherr C, Schmitz KH, Schmitz B, Schmitz L, Schnitzler R, Schnupp S, Schoeniger P, Schön N, Schuster S, Schwimmbeck P, Seamark C, Seebass R, Seidl KH, Seidman B, Sek J, Sekaran L, Seko Y, Sepulveda Varela PA, Sevilla B, Shah V, Shah A, Shah N, Shah A, Shanes J, Sharareh A, Sharma VK, Shaw L, Shimizu Y, Shimomura H, Shin DG, Shin ES, Shite J, Shoukfeh M, Shoultz C, Silver F, Sime I, Simmers T, Singal D, Singh N, Siostrzonek P, Sirajuddin M, Skeppholm M, Smadja D, Smith R, Smith D, Soda H, Sofley CW, Sokal A, Sotolongo R, de Souza OF, Sparby JA, Spinar J, Sprigings D, Spyropoulos A, Stakos D, Steinberg A, Steinwender C, Stergiou G, Stites HW, Stoikov A, Strasser R, Streb W, Styliadis I, Su G, Su X, Suarez RM, Sudnik W, Sueyoshi A, Sukles K, Sun L, Suneja R, Svensson P, Ziekenhuis A, Szavits-Nossan J, Taggeselle J, Takagi Y, Takhar A, Tallet J, Tamm A, Tanaka S, Tanaka K, Tang A, Tang S, Tassinari T, Tayama S, Tayebjee M, Tebbe U, Teixeira J, Tesloianu DN, Tessier P, The S, Thevenin J, Thomas H, Timsit S, Topkis R, Torosoff M, Touze E, Traissac T, Trendafilova E, Troyan B, Tsai WK, Tse HF, Tsutsui H, Tsutsui T, Tuininga Y, Turakhia M, Turk S, Turner W, Tveit A, Twiddy S, Tytus R, Ukrainski G, Valdovinos Chavez SB, Van De Graaff E, Vanacker P, Vardas P, Vargas M, Vassilikos V, Vazquez J, Venkataraman A, Verdecchia P, Vester EG, Vial H, Vinereanu D, Vlastaris A, Vogel C, vom Dahl J, von Mering M, Vora K, Wakefield P, Walia J, Walter T, Wang M, Wang N, Wang F, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang KY, Watanabe K, Wei J, Weimar C, Weinrich R, Wen MS, Wheelan K, Wicke J, Wiemer M, Wild B, Wilke A, Willems S, Williams M, Williams D, Winkler A, Wirtz JH, Witzenbichler B, Wong DH, Lawrence Wong KS, Wong B, Wozakowska-Kaplon B, Wu Z, Wu S, Wyatt N, Xu Y, Xu X, Yamada A, Yamamoto K, Yamanoue H, Yamashita T, Bryan Yan PY, Yang Y, Yang T. The Changing Landscape for Stroke Prevention in AF. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69:777-785. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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van Es N, van der Hulle T, Büller HR, Klok FA, Huisman MV, Galipienzo J, Di Nisio M. Is stand-alone D-dimer testing safe to rule out acute pulmonary embolism? J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:323-328. [PMID: 27873439 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Essentials A stand-alone D-dimer below 750 μg/L has been proposed to rule out acute pulmonary embolism (PE). This was a post-hoc analysis on data from 6 studies comprising 7268 patients with suspected PE. The negative predictive value of a D-dimer <750 μg/L ranged from 79% to 96% in various subgroups. Stand-alone D-dimer testing seems to be unsafe to rule out PE in all patients. SUMMARY Background Recently, stand-alone D-dimer testing at a positivity threshold of 750 μg L-1 has been proposed as a safe and efficient approach to rule out acute pulmonary embolism (PE), without additional imaging, but this approach needs validation. Objectives To evaluate stand-alone D-dimer testing at a positivity threshold of 750 μg L-1 to rule out PE. Methods Individual data from 7268 patients with suspected PE previously enrolled in six prospective management studies were used. Patients were assessed by the Wells rule followed by quantitative D-dimer testing in those with a 'PE unlikely' score. Patients were classified post hoc as having a negative (< 750 μg L-1 ) or positive (≥ 750 μg L-1 ) D-dimer. Using a one-stage meta-analytic approach, the negative predictive value (NPV) of stand-alone D-dimer testing was evaluated overall and in different risk subgroups. Results The pooled incidence of PE was 23% (range, 13-42%). Overall, 44% of patients had a D-dimer < 750 μg L-1 , of whom 2.8% were diagnosed with PE at baseline or during 3-month follow-up (NPV, 97.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 94.9-98.5). The NPV was highest in patients with a low probability of PE according to the Wells rule (99.2%; 95% CI, 98.6-99.5%) and lowest in those with a high probability of PE (79.3%; 95% CI, 53.0-92.8%). The NPVs in patients with active cancer, patients with previous venous thromboembolism and inpatients were 96.2% (95% CI, 85.6-99.1%), 94.7% (95% CI, 88.6-97.6%) and 92.7% (95% CI, 79.3-97.7%), respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggest that stand-alone D-dimer testing at a positivity threshold of 750 μg L-1 is not safe to rule out acute PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- N van Es
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T van der Hulle
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H R Büller
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Galipienzo
- Service of Anesthesiology, Hospital MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Di Nisio
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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