Diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of male breast by fine needle aspiration cytology

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is now an established procedure for the evaluation of breast masses in women. But there are only occasional reports of aspiration cytology of rare malignant neoplasms of male breast. During the past 8 years the authors detected 12 malignant neoplasms of male breast by FNAC out of total 167 cases of aspirates of male breast lesions. There were eight infiltrating ductal carcinomas, two leiomyosarcomas and two metestatic carcinomas. The cytologic features with short review of literature of male breast carcinomas are presented. Due to high diagnostic accuracy, FNAC should be routinely practiced as a quick and safe diagnostic procedure in all outpatients department.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology in the diagnosis of osteolytic lesions of bone

Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology was utilised as a diagnostic devise for 355 osteolytic lesions in various parts of the body. Adequate material was obtained in 338 cases. A definite diagnosis was provided in 87.3% of the adequate samples. No false positive diagnosis was made. No complication was encountered in this procedure. Processing of aspirated blood clot as tissue sample helped to increase the accuracy of this procedure.

Malignant non-functioning retroperitoneal paragangliomas: a study of five cases by fine needle aspiration cytology, histopathology and autopsy

The cytological findings, the histopathological analysis of tissues obtained by surgical exploration and autopsy of 5 cases of malignant non-functioning retroperitoneal paragangliomas are presented due to their extreme rarity in literature. Fine needle aspiration cytology of these rare retroperitoneal tumours is discussed in this study. Presence of hypertension rather than the chromaffinity denotes the functional status of these tumours. The malignant nature of these tumours is determined by metastasis rather than the histological pattern. Pain and intra-abdominal masses are the common presenting symptoms. Surgery is the only mode of treatment.

Cytological diagnosis of vertebral tuberculosis with fine-needle aspiration biopsy

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy monitored with computed tomography was used for the diagnosis of vertebral tuberculosis in thirty-eight patients; the diagnosis was confirmed by culture or by a Ziehl-Neelsen stain of the smear in thirty-four of the patients. Cytological examination revealed collections of epithelioid cells, scattered multinucleated Langhans giant cells, and necrosis. There were no complications related to the biopsy, and an operative biopsy was avoided.

Fine needle aspiration cytology in the evaluation of lymphoreticular tumours of mediastinum

The role of needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of 52 cases of lymphoreticular tumours of mediastinum was evaluated from January 1985 till May 1992. Cytological analysis showed 41 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 9 cases of Hodgkin's disease and 2 cases of benign lymphoid hyperplasia. The cytological interpretations were compared to histopathological diagnosis. In the present series, a definite diagnosis of lymphoma was possible in all the cases but exact subclassification was correctly possible in 89.6% cases. There was no false positive report or any complication.

Peroral fine needle aspiration cytology of parapharyngeal lesions

Peroral fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was carried out on 63 patients with parapharyngeal lesions from January 1986 to March 1992. The age of the patients ranged from 4 to 87 years. Analysis of the results showed 12 inflammatory lesions, 28 benign tumors and 23 malignant neoplasms. Correlation with histopathology showed a diagnostic accuracy of 88.2%, with no false-positive reports. FNAC can replace incisional biopsy, which may be hazardous in this area. Surgery can be avoided for inflammatory lesions.

The role of peroral fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of parapharyngeal lesions--a study of 51 cases

The utility of peroral fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis of 51 parapharyngeal lesions was studied from January, 1986 till May, 1991. The age of the patients ranged from 6 years to 85 years. Analysis of results showed 9 inflammatory lesions, 22 benign tumours and 20 malignant tumours. Correlation with histopathology showed diagnostic accuracy of 90.2% with no false positive report. Review of FNAC of head and neck lesions showed hardly any publication on aspiration cytology of parapharyngeal masses.

24 hour/3 hour radio-uptake technique for differentiating degenerative and malignant bony lesions in bone scanning

Differentiating bony metastases from degenerative lesions is of great importance to the oncologist. Routine bone scanning using technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate is the investigation of choice for detecting bony lesions, but its specificity is low. Using the difference in radio-uptake behaviour of metastatic and degenerative lesions as the criterion, a 24/3 h radio-uptake, lesion to non-lesion ratio was used to separate out the two types of lesions. Radio-uptake ratio (RUR) distribution curves of malignant and degenerative lesions were found to be significantly different (P < 0.001). Taking 1.12 as the critical point, RUR of malignant lesions was found to be more than the critical point, and that of degenerative lesions was found to be less than the critical point. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were found to be 68%, 80% and 74%, respectively.

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of solid renal masses--a study of 92 cases

Percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was employed as preoperative diagnosis in 92 solid renal masses from June, 1984 till December, 1990. Ultrasonography guided FNAC was employed in 26 lesions. There were 79 malignant tumours, 3 benign tumours, 6 lesions were inflammatory and only necrotic material was seen in 4 cases. Correlation with histopathology showed diagnostic accuracy of 91.3%. There were two false positive reports. No complication was encountered in this study.

The reliability of urinary cytology in the detection of tumours of urinary bladder

Detection of urinary bladder tumours by cytological examination of urine was carried out on 193 patients suffering from haematuria. The patients comprised 149 new cases and 44 follow-up cases previously diagnosed as bladder cancer. Urinary bladder malignancy was detected in 72 of new cases and 20 of follow-up cases by cytological examination of urine. Reliability of the findings was checked by histopathological examination of the biopsy material removed from bladder by cystoscopy which detected malignancy in 84 of new cases and 16 of follow-up cases. Thus the sensitivity of cytological examination of urine in detecting bladder malignancy was 92% and specificity of 88%. False positive result was 4% and false negative result was 12%.

Clinically malignant scalp and underlying bone tumours diagnosed by aspiration cytology: a study of 121 cases

Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology was employed in 121 cases of clinically malignant scalp and underlying bone tumours from July 1984 to March 1991. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 76 years. There were 48 benign cases and 73 malignant lesions. The cytological findings correlated with histopathological analysis except in 5 cases in benign tumours (diagnostic accuracy being 89.6%) and in 5 cases in malignant tumours (diagnostic accuracy being 93.2%). The clinical history, the radiological parameters and the cytological analysis helped to avoid false positive report. No complication was encountered in this procedure.

Thyroid morphometry and intrathyroidal 131-I iodine transit kinetics in Kashmiri population

Morphometric--kinetic parameters of the thyroid gland in the Kashmiri population, which is geographically, environmentally, socioculturally, anthropologically and ethnically different from that of the main country (Indian republic), have been analysed. Morphometrically, the gland in this population has been found to be significantly larger (p less than 0.001), while kinetically, the A max which is the ordinate-extrapolate of the best-fit RAIU(t) curve, has been found to be significantly lower (p less than 0.01). The majority of other structural and functional parameters were similar to those of the north Indian population.

Role of percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in detection of lung, pleural and mediastinal tumours--a study of 162 cases

Percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was employed in 162 cases of lung, pleural and mediastinal tumours without the aid of fluoroscopy. There were 143 males and 19 females. Analysis of results showed that the age of the patients ranged from 3 years to 85 years. 135 cases were lung tumours, 25 cases were mediastinal tumours and 2 cases were malignant pleural mesotheliomas. Correlation with histopathology showed diagnostic accuracy of malignant lung and pleural tumours was 97.1% while the accuracy of the exact categorisation of the lesion was 92%. Diagnostic accuracy of mediastinal lesions was 96%. There was no false positive report. No complication was encountered in this procedure.

Cytodiagnostic accuracy of hepatic malignancy by fine needle aspiration biopsy

The role of fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology (FNABC) as a diagnostic device in suspected malignant liver diseases has been studied in 245 cases from July 1984 to December 1988. Out of 245 cases 196 (80%) showed malignancy by aspiration cytology. Analysis showed hepatocellular carcinoma in 46 cases (18.78%) and metastatic deposit in 150 cases (61.22%). Cytology missed diagnosis in one case (0.41%) which was found to be positive for malignancy after exploratory laparotomy. The diagnostic accuracy was 99.59%. There was no false positive report. There was no complication. The procedure was well accepted by the patients. FNABC is a simple, quick, economical, safe and reliable procedure for detection of malignancy. It is advantageous in situations wherein it substitutes a major procedure like exploratory laparotomy.

Length of stay of in-patients of a gynaecological ward in a sub-divisional hospital in West Bengal

Bed utilisation efficiency and hospital resource utilisation are of prime importance to remove the "Hospital Bottlenecks" which in turn reduces length of stay of in-patients. The present study on in-patient system in Gynaecology Ward of a non-teaching hospital revealed that a considerable number of bed days were unnecessarily lost during various activities related to investigation, operation and post-operative stay. Overall length of stay found in this study (14.02 days) is considerably higher than Indian optimum. Average time-lags found between admission to pre-operative investigation and post-operative stay were 3.25 days and 10.22 days respectively.

Pulmonary complications of septicaemia in women

Twenty-five female patients of septicaemia aged 15-50 years comprised this study. Twenty-three patients (92%) were in the reproductive age group (15-35 years). Sixteen patients (64%) had some relation to parity, suggesting an increased risk of septicaemia in women with puerperal sepsis. The commonest primary source of infection was the female genital tract (48%). Gram-negative septicaemia was the commonest. The pleuropulmonary complications observed were pneumonia (10 cases), lung abscess (7 cases), empyema (3 cases), septic pulmonary embolisation (4 cases) and adult respiratory distress syndrome (4 cases). Seven cases of the total 25 died. Adult respiratory distress syndrome with septicaemia was the commonest cause of mortality in these patients.

Microstructure and growth of ZnTe films

The microstructure and growth of ZnTe films deposited onto glass and freshly cleaved NaCl substrates are carefully studied by a TEM. Effect of different stimulator on the grain growth is also described.

The role of transrectal fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of prostatic nodules suspicious of malignancy--a study of 126 cases

Transrectal fine needle aspiration cytology by Franzen technique was carried out in 126 patients having enlarged prostate which were suspicious of malignancy by clinical per rectal examination. Analysis showed benign adenoleiomyomatous hyperplasia in 40 cases, chronic prostatitis in 4 cases, tuberculosis of prostate in 4 cases, malignancy in 76 cases and 2 cases were reported as suspicious of malignancy. Comparison of aspiration cytology with histopathology, serial serum acid phosphatase estimation, repeat a spiration cytology after hormone therapy with or without orchiectomy and clinical follow up showed accuracy of cytologic diagnosis of 98.4 per cent. False negative was 1.6 per cent. There was no false positive diagnosis. No complication was encountered in this procedure.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology in diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathies

Four hundred and forty-four patients with cervical lymphadenopathies without any consideration for age and sex were subjected to fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology. The results were compared with those of histological sections. In tuberculous lymphadenitis, pyogenic lymphadenitis, Hodgkin's disease and leukaemic infiltration of lymph nodes 100% correct diagnosis was made; it was 98.4% in metastatic carcinoma, 97% in non-specific lymphadenitis and 92.3% in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. An overall 96.2% correct diagnosis was made by fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology technique.