101
|
Johnson RA, Kaiser A, Quinlan M, Sharp W. Effect of cuticular abrasion and recovery on water loss rates in queens of the desert harvester ant Messor pergandei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 214:3495-506. [PMID: 21957113 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.054304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Factors that affect water loss rates (WLRs) are poorly known for organisms in natural habitats. Seed-harvester ant queens provide an ideal system for examining such factors because WLRs for mated queens excavated from their incipient nests are twofold to threefold higher than those of alate queens. Indirect data suggest that this increase results from soil particles abrading the cuticle during nest excavation. This study provides direct support for the cuticle abrasion hypothesis by measuring total mass-specific WLRs, cuticular abrasion, cuticular transpiration, respiratory water loss and metabolic rate for queens of the ant Messor pergandei at three stages: unmated alate queens, newly mated dealate queens (undug foundresses) and mated queens excavated from their incipient nest (dug foundresses); in addition we examined these processes in artificially abraded alate queens. Alate queens had low WLRs and low levels of cuticle abrasion, whereas dug foundresses had high WLRs and high levels of cuticle abrasion. Total WLR and cuticular transpiration were lowest for alate queens, intermediate for undug foundresses and highest for dug foundresses. Respiratory water loss contributed ~10% of the total WLR and was lower for alate queens and undug foundresses than for dug foundresses. Metabolic rate did not vary across stages. Total WLR and cuticular transpiration of artificially abraded alate queens increased, whereas respiratory water loss and metabolic rate were unaffected. Overall, increased cuticular transpiration accounted for essentially all the increased total water loss in undug and dug foundresses and artificially abraded queens. Artificially abraded queens and dug foundresses showed partial recovery after 14 days.
Collapse
|
102
|
Kaiser A, Müller TO, Friedrich H. Influence of higher-order dispersion coefficients on near-threshold bound and continuum states: application to 88Sr2. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:214302. [PMID: 22149787 DOI: 10.1063/1.3664311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We give a simple description of quantum states near the dissociation threshold of deep interatomic potentials. The influence of the potential tail is separated from effects due to the interaction at short distances. We present a general formalism which is valid for weakly bound and low-energy continuum states, both for vanishing and non-vanishing angular momentum. Its applicability is demonstrated for the example of the electronic ground state of the strontium dimer (88)Sr(2). With an appropriate choice of the potential tail that includes higher-order dispersion coefficients, all short-range effects are incorporated via the threshold quantum number ν(D) and one further parameter accounting for residual short-range effects.
Collapse
|
103
|
Antoci V, Handler G, Campante TL, Thygesen AO, Moya A, Kallinger T, Stello D, Grigahcène A, Kjeldsen H, Bedding TR, Lüftinger T, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Catanzaro G, Frasca A, De Cat P, Uytterhoeven K, Bruntt H, Houdek G, Kurtz DW, Lenz P, Kaiser A, Van Cleve J, Allen C, Clarke BD. The excitation of solar-like oscillations in a δ Sct star by efficient envelope convection. Nature 2011; 477:570-3. [PMID: 21918514 DOI: 10.1038/nature10389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
104
|
Kaiser A, Leech B, Baur D, Quereshy F, Landers M. Poster 10: The Marginal Mandibular Nerve in Relation to the Inferior Border of the Mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
105
|
Willemsen I, Elberts S, Verhulst C, Rijnsburger M, Filius M, Savelkoul P, Kluytmans J, Lommerse E, Spanjaard L, Vlaminckx B, Vos A, Wulf M, Vos M, Wintermans R, Andriesse G, van Zeijl J, van der Vorm E, Buiting A, Sturm P, Blok H, Troelstra A, Kaiser A, Vandenbroucke-Grauls C. Highly resistant gram-negative microorganisms: incidence density and occurrence of nosocomial transmission (TRIANGLe Study). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011; 32:333-41. [PMID: 21460484 DOI: 10.1086/658941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence density and the occurrence of horizontal spread of highly resistant gram-negative rods (HR-GNRs) in Dutch hospitals. The factors that influence these outcome measures were also investigated. METHODS All patients with HR-GNRs, as determined by sample testing, who were hospitalized in 1 of 18 hospitals during a 6-month period (April through October 2007) were included in this study. For all available isolates, the species was identified, susceptibility was determined (including the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases [ESBLs]), and molecular typing was performed. On the basis of a combination of species identification, molecular typing, and epidemiological data, the occurrence of nosocomial transmission was determined. RESULTS The mean incidence density of patients with HR-GNRs was 55 per 100,000 patient-days (cumulative incidence, 39 per 10,000 patients admitted). A facility being a university hospital was a statistically significant (P = .03) independent determinant of a higher incidence of patients with HR-GNRs. The majority of HR-GNR isolates were ESBL producers. The adjusted transmission index-the ratio between secondary and primary cases-in the participating hospitals ranged from 0.0 to 0.2. The overall adjusted transmission index of HR-GNRs was 0.07. No determinants for a higher transmission index were identified. DISCUSSION The nosocomial transmission rate of HR-GNRs was relatively low in all hospitals where well-established transmission-based precautions were used. The incidence density of patients with HR-GNRs was higher in university hospitals, probably due to the patient population and the complexity of the care provided.
Collapse
|
106
|
Kaiser A, Alexandrova O, Grothe B. Urocortin-expressing olivocochlear neurons exhibit tonotopic and developmental changes in the auditory brainstem and in the innervation of the cochlea. J Comp Neurol 2011; 519:2758-78. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.22650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
107
|
Radke P, Joost A, Kaiser A, Basler M, Mandapathil M, Weber C, Yla-Herttuala S, Ito W. 404 EVALUATION OF A DIABETIC RABBIT MODEL FOR IN-STENT RESTENOSIS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
108
|
Radke P, Joost A, Kaiser A, Mandapathil M, Basler M, Yla-Herttuala S, Weber C, Ito W. 377 EFFECTS OF TACROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS IN A DIABETIC RABBIT MODEL OF IN-STENT RESTENOSIS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
109
|
Berchtold D, Fesser S, Bachmann G, Kaiser A, Eilert JC, Frohns F, Sadoni N, Muck J, Kremmer E, Eick D, Layer PG, Zink D. Nuclei of chicken neurons in tissues and three-dimensional cell cultures are organized into distinct radial zones. Chromosome Res 2011; 19:165-82. [PMID: 21249442 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-010-9182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We used chicken retinospheroids (RS) to study the nuclear architecture of vertebrate cells in a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system. The results showed that the different neuronal cell types of RS displayed an extreme form of radial nuclear organization. Chromatin was arranged into distinct radial zones which became already visible after DAPI staining. The distinct zones were enriched in different chromatin modifications and in different types of chromosomes. Active isoforms of RNA polymerase II were depleted in the outermost zone. Also chromocenters and nucleoli were radially aligned in the nuclear interior. The splicing factor SC35 was enriched at the central zone and did not show the typical speckled pattern of distribution. Evaluation of neuronal and non-neuronal chicken tissues showed that the highly ordered form of radial nuclear organization was also present in neuronal chicken tissues. Furthermore, the data revealed that the neuron-specific nuclear organization was remodeled when cells spread on a flat substrate. Monolayer cultures of a chicken cell line did not show this extreme form of radial organization. Rather, such monolayer cultures displayed features of nuclear organization which have been described before for many different types of monolayer cells. The finding that an extreme form radial nuclear organization, which has not been described before, is present in RS and tissues, but not in cells spread on a flat substrate, suggests that it would be important to complement studies on nuclear architecture performed with monolayer cells by studies on 3D cell culture systems and tissues.
Collapse
|
110
|
Kaiser A, Fordinal B. Creating a ba for generating self‐transcending knowledge. JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 2010. [DOI: 10.1108/13673271011084943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
111
|
Meves SH, Overbeck U, Kaiser A, Krogias C, Neubauer H. [Switching from clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate to clopidogrel besylate. Impaired antiplatelet effect in patients with ischemic stroke]. DER NERVENARZT 2010; 81:992-997. [PMID: 20517690 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-010-3028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of antiplatelet medications, such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a combination of dipyridamol with ASA and also clopidogrel, is of great importance for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks. In addition to the known form of clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (CHS) a further clopidogrel salt, clopidogrel besylate (CB), has also been available since May 2008. The presented case illustrates that in patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease the antiplatelet response of CB can be diminished in comparison to CHS. Therefore we recommend testing the antiplatelet effectiveness when changing patient medication from CHS to CB.
Collapse
|
112
|
Klok CJ, Kaiser A, Lighton JRB, Harrison JF. Critical oxygen partial pressures and maximal tracheal conductances for Drosophila melanogaster reared for multiple generations in hypoxia or hyperoxia. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 56:461-469. [PMID: 19682996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster and other insects, increases in atmospheric oxygen partial pressure (aPO(2)) tend to increase adult body size and decrease tracheal diameters and tracheolar proliferation. If changes in tracheal morphology allow for functional compensation for aPO(2), we would predict that higher aPO(2) would be associated with higher critical PO(2) values (CritPO(2)) and lower maximal tracheal conductances (G(max)). We measured CritPO(2) and G(max) for adult and larval vinegar flies reared for 7-9 generations in 10, 21 or 40 kPa O(2). The CritPO(2), CO(2) emission rates and G(max) values were generally independent of the rearing PO(2) these flies had experienced, suggesting that minimal functional changes in tracheal capacities occurred in response to rearing PO(2). Larvae were able to continue activity during 20 min of anoxia. The lack of multigenerational rearing PO(2) effects on tracheal function suggests that the functional compensation at the whole-body level due to tracheal morphological changes in response to aPO(2) may be minimal; alternatively the benefits of such compensation may occur in specific tissues or during processes not assessed by these methods. In larvae, the CritPO(2) and the capacity for movement in anoxia suggest adaptations for life in hypoxic organic matter.
Collapse
|
113
|
Kaiser A, Hartzendorf S, Wobschall A, Hetz SK. Modulation of cyclic CO(2) release in response to endogenous changes of metabolism during pupal development of Zophobas rugipes (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 56:502-512. [PMID: 19559706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of gas exchange regulation in insects currently is a hot topic of insect physiology. Endogenous variation of metabolism during pupal development offers a great opportunity to study the regulation of respiratory patterns in insects. Here we show that metabolic rates during pupal development of the tenebrionid beetle Zophobas rugipes reveal a typical U-shaped curve and that, with the exception of 9-day-old pupae, the time between two bursts of CO(2) (interburst phase) was the only parameter of cyclic CO(2) gas exchange patterns that was adjusted to changing metabolic rates. The volume of CO(2) released in a burst was kept constant, suggesting a regulation for accumulation and release of a fixed amount of CO(2) throughout pupal development. We detected a variety of discontinuous and cyclic gas exchange patterns, which were not correlated with any periods of pupal development, suggesting a high among individual variability. An occasional occurrence of continuous CO(2) release patterns at low metabolic rates was very likely caused by single defective non-occluding spiracles.
Collapse
|
114
|
Lamprecht J, Kaiser A, Peters A, Kirchgessner C. Distance Call Duets in Bar-headed Geese (Anser indicus): Co-operation through Visual Relief of the Partner? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
115
|
Harrison JF, Kaiser A, VandenBrooks JM. Atmospheric oxygen level and the evolution of insect body size. Proc Biol Sci 2010; 277:1937-46. [PMID: 20219733 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects are small relative to vertebrates, possibly owing to limitations or costs associated with their blind-ended tracheal respiratory system. The giant insects of the late Palaeozoic occurred when atmospheric PO(2) (aPO(2)) was hyperoxic, supporting a role for oxygen in the evolution of insect body size. The paucity of the insect fossil record and the complex interactions between atmospheric oxygen level, organisms and their communities makes it impossible to definitively accept or reject the historical oxygen-size link, and multiple alternative hypotheses exist. However, a variety of recent empirical findings support a link between oxygen and insect size, including: (i) most insects develop smaller body sizes in hypoxia, and some develop and evolve larger sizes in hyperoxia; (ii) insects developmentally and evolutionarily reduce their proportional investment in the tracheal system when living in higher aPO(2), suggesting that there are significant costs associated with tracheal system structure and function; and (iii) larger insects invest more of their body in the tracheal system, potentially leading to greater effects of aPO(2) on larger insects. Together, these provide a wealth of plausible mechanisms by which tracheal oxygen delivery may be centrally involved in setting the relatively small size of insects and for hyperoxia-enabled Palaeozoic gigantism.
Collapse
|
116
|
Ertelt J, Maierl J, Kaiser A, Matis U. [Anatomical and pathophysiological features and treatment of elbow luxation in rabbits]. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2010; 38:201-210. [PMID: 22215295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional anatomical evaluation of elbow luxation in rabbits and the comparison of this lesion to cats and dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS The relative frequency of elbow luxation and the most common direction of antebrachial bone dislocation in rabbits were compared catamnestically with data in dogs and cats. Goniometric evaluation of the range of motion of the elbow was carried out in 14 rabbits. This was followed by visualisation of the anatomical structures of cadaver elbows and measurement of the subchondral bone density of the elbow using computed tomographic osteoabsorptiometry in seven rabbits and seven cats. Finally, the stabilisation of the elbow joint using wire to replace the collateral ligaments was evaluated in cadaver specimens. RESULTS Rabbits undergo elbow luxation approximately four times more often than cats and dogs when compared to luxation of the hip joint. Caudal elbow luxation is most commonly seen in rabbits. The elbow functions as a "snap joint" because of the eccentric insertion of the collateral ligaments and has good lateral stability, which is afforded by a sagittal crest of the humeral condyle. Computed tomographic osteoabsorptiometry showed that the caudal region of the elbow joint undergoes the most mechanical stress. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The anatomical structure of the elbow of rabbits allows primarily sagittal movement; excessive force poses a risk of injury to the cranial aspect of the joint capsule and the humeroulnar ligaments. When closed reduction and a Velpeau sling do not provide stabilisation for the treatment of elbow luxation, transosseus replacement of the humeroulnar collateral ligaments may be indicated.
Collapse
|
117
|
Offenthaler I, Jakobi G, Kaiser A, Kirchner M, Kräuchi N, Niedermoser B, Schramm KW, Sedivy I, Staudinger M, Thanner G, Weiss P, Moche W. Novel sampling methods for atmospheric semi-volatile organic compounds (SOCs) in a high altitude alpine environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:3290-3297. [PMID: 19581029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
High- and low-volume active air samplers as well as bulk deposition samplers were developed to sample atmospheric SOCs under the adverse conditions of a mountain environment. Active sampling employed separate filters for different European source regions. Filters were switched depending on daily trajectory forecasts, whose accuracy was evaluated post hoc. The sampling continued on three alpine summits over five periods of four months. The prevailing trajectories varied stronger between sampling periods than between stations. The sampling equipment (active and bulk deposition) proved dependable for operation in a mountain environment, with idle times being mainly due to non-routine manipulations and connectivity.
Collapse
|
118
|
Schneider C, Krug I, Müller M, Matthes F, Kaiser A, Wiemann C, Cramm S, Elmers HJ, Wegelin F, Krasyuk A, Nepijko S, Schönhense G. Investigating spintronics thin film systems with synchrotron radiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
119
|
Boswell S, Gusowski K, Kaiser A, Flachenecker P. Hippotherapie bei Multipler Sklerose – eine prospektive, kontrollierte, randomisierte und einfachblinde Studie. AKTUELLE NEUROLOGIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
120
|
Kaiser A, Wiemann C, Cramm S, Schneider CM. Influence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy on the magnetization dynamics of magnetic microstructures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:314008. [PMID: 21828569 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/31/314008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The study of magnetodynamics using stroboscopic time-resolved x-ray photoemission electron microscopy (TR-XPEEM) involves an intrinsic timescale provided by the pulse structure of the synchrotron radiation. In the usual multi-bunch operation mode, the time span between two subsequent light pulses is too short to allow a relaxation of the system into the ground state before the next pump-probe cycle starts. Using a deflection gating mechanism described in this paper we are able to pick the photoemission signal resulting from selected light pulses. Thus, PEEM measurements can be carried out in a flexible timing scheme with longer delays between two light pulses. Using this technique, the magnetodynamics of both Permalloy and iron structures have been investigated. The differences in the dynamic response on a short magnetic field pulse are discussed with respect to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy.
Collapse
|
121
|
Phair J, Lönnroth N, Lundberg M, Kaiser A. Characteristics of cerium-gadolinium oxide (CGO) suspensions as a function of dispersant and powder properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
122
|
Qamhiyeh S, Stuschke M, Geismar D, Kaiser A, Abu-Jawad J, Farr J. SU-FF-T-93: Assessment of Dose Conformality and the Effects of Inter- and Intra-Fraction Motion On the Dose Distribution Intensity Modulated Proton Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Treatment Planning Study. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
123
|
Farr J, Geismar D, Kaiser A, Stuschke M. SU-FF-T-660: Treatment Quality Sensitivity to Varying Beam Spot Size and Number of Fields in Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
124
|
Abstract
Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is a reportable, eradicable epizootic disease caused by the equine lentivirus of the retrovirus family which affects equids only and occurs worldwide. The virus is transmitted by blood, mainly by sanguivorous insects. The main symptoms of the disease are pyrexia, apathy, loss of body condition and weight, anemia, edema and petechia. However, infected horses can also be inapparent carriers without any overt signs. The disease is diagnosed by serological tests like the Coggins test and ELISA tests. Presently, Switzerland is offi cially free from EIA. However, Switzerland is permanently at risk of introducing the virus as cases of EIA have recently been reported in different European countries.
Collapse
|
125
|
Ghousunnissa S, Nooruddin K, Kaiser A, Mukhopadhyay S. Anti-PPD T-Cell Response in TB Patients is Modulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Heat Shock Protein 60. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|