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Shemesh J, Grossman E, Peleg E, Steinmetz A, Rosenthal T, Motro M. Norepinephrine and atrial natriuretic peptide responses to exercise testing in rehabilitated and nonrehabilitated men with ischemic cardiomyopathy after healing of anterior wall acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75:1072-4. [PMID: 7747694 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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102
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Stalenhoef AF, Armstrong VW, Steinmetz A, Taskinen MR, Zechner R. The 17th annual meeting of the European Lipoprotein Club. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15:543-9. [PMID: 7749868 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.15.4.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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103
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Schaefer JR, Steinmetz A, Dugi K, Ehlenz K, von Wichert P, Kaffarnik H. [Oral contraceptive-induced pancreatitis in the hyperchylomicronemia syndrome]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1995; 120:325-8. [PMID: 7875068 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1055349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A now 24-year-old woman was found at the age of 2 years to have an hyperchylomicronaemia syndrome due to lipoprotein lipase deficiency: the triglyceride level was then 6000 mg/dl. But in subsequent years it had been reduced to between 550 and 2600 mg/dl by dieting. There were no xanthomas or abdominal symptoms during those years. When aged 20 years she was put on oral contraceptives (one-phase preparation: 0.03 mg ethinylestradiol and 0.075 gestodene). Six months later she had the first attack of severe necrotizing pancreatitis; three more attacks followed in the subsequent 6 months. All four attacks occurred during the drug-free period of the menstrual cycle. The relationship with contraceptive intake was not established until the fourth attack. The last acute pancreatitis (lipase 3283 U/l amylase 595 U/l, triglyceride 2400 mg/dl, WBC count 13,899/microliters; ultrasonography revealed fluid swelling and necrotic areas, especially around the splenic hilus) regressed within 5 days and has not recurred for 3 years after the patient stopped taking oral contraceptives. On a diet the triglyceride level has been around 880 mg/dl.
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Opper C, Clement C, Schwarz H, Krappe J, Steinmetz A, Schneider J, Wesemann W. Increased number of high sensitive platelets in hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular diseases, and after incubation with cholesterol. Atherosclerosis 1995; 113:211-7. [PMID: 7605360 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(94)05448-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The number of low density platelets was found to be increased in patients with hypercholesterolemia, as compared with the number in controls. The percentage increase of the low density platelet subpopulation was even more pronounced in patients with hypercholesterolemia when compared with that in patients suffering from myocardial infarction or angina. In vitro studies with control platelets incubated with cholesterol rich liposomes showed also an increase in the subpopulation of low density platelets. After incubation of control platelets with cholesterol rich liposomes, a higher membrane anisotropy and a higher cholesterol to phospholipid (C/P) molar ratio of the plasma membrane were found. Furthermore, cholesterol-enriched platelets were more sensitive upon thrombin stimulation. The results suggest that a shift of platelet subpopulations to a higher number of low density platelets could be caused by either the level of plasma cholesterol or an in-vitro incubation with cholesterol rich liposomes.
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105
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Schaefer JR, Hackler R, Brand S, Schwarz S, Kleine TO, Steinmetz A. Apolipoprotein AI, AII, and AIV isoforms in plasma determined by automated isoelectric focusing with PhastSystem and immunofixation. Clin Chem 1995; 41:76-81. [PMID: 7813085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Distinct genetic variants of apolipoprotein (apo) AI have been shown to influence concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The genetic polymorphism of apo AIV may modulate HDL-cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, and lipoprotein(a) concentrations. There is evidence for an antagonizing role of apo AII in reverse cholesterol transport. Since genetic polymorphisms and variants of these apolipoproteins are detectable by isoelectric focusing (IEF), we developed a rapid and easy automated method for IEF analysis of apos AI, AII, and AIV on self-made or commercially available gels, using the PhastSystem. Diluted plasma or serum samples (1 microL) are applied automatically onto the gel and IEF is carried out for 35-45 min. Afterwards, the apo A bands are precipitated by specific polyclonal antibodies and visualized by automated silver staining. This rapid procedure is suitable as a routine or screening method for IEF analysis of these major HDL apolipoproteins.
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106
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Schaefer JR, Hackler R, Brand S, Schwarz S, Kleine TO, Steinmetz A. Apolipoprotein AI, AII, and AIV isoforms in plasma determined by automated isoelectric focusing with PhastSystem and immunofixation. Clin Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/41.1.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Distinct genetic variants of apolipoprotein (apo) AI have been shown to influence concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The genetic polymorphism of apo AIV may modulate HDL-cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, and lipoprotein(a) concentrations. There is evidence for an antagonizing role of apo AII in reverse cholesterol transport. Since genetic polymorphisms and variants of these apolipoproteins are detectable by isoelectric focusing (IEF), we developed a rapid and easy automated method for IEF analysis of apos AI, AII, and AIV on self-made or commercially available gels, using the PhastSystem. Diluted plasma or serum samples (1 microL) are applied automatically onto the gel and IEF is carried out for 35-45 min. Afterwards, the apo A bands are precipitated by specific polyclonal antibodies and visualized by automated silver staining. This rapid procedure is suitable as a routine or screening method for IEF analysis of these major HDL apolipoproteins.
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107
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Stein D, Schoebel F, Heins M, Steinmetz A, Kaffamik H, Uhlich D, Leschke M, Strauer B. Lipoprotein(a) and fibrinogen in restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1995. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1995-15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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108
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Emmanuel F, Steinmetz A, Rosseneu M, Brasseur R, Gosselet N, Attenot F, Cuiné S, Séguret S, Latta M, Fruchart JC. Identification of specific amphipathic alpha-helical sequence of human apolipoprotein A-IV involved in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activation. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:29883-90. [PMID: 7961983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the structure-function relationship of human apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV), several deletion mutants of this protein were constructed by sequentially removing pairs of 22-residue repeats, potentially having an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation. The mutants, produced as recombinant poly-histidine-tagged apolipoproteins (t-apo) in Escherichia coli, assembled with phosphatidylcholine (i.e. dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine, or egg lecithin) as did native apoA-IV. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) cofactor function, measured as cholesterol esterification occurring when t-apo-phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol complexes were incubated with purified enzyme, decreased significantly when pairs of repeats between residues 117 and 248 were deleted and most markedly when residues 117-160 were deleted. LCAT cofactor activity decreased by 90 and 75%, respectively, when egg lecithin or palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine was used to form the particles with the delta aa 117-160 mutant. Thus, on the basis of deletion scanning of t-apo, residues 117-160 seem to be involved in the LCAT cofactor function of apoA-IV.
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109
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Emmanuel F, Steinmetz A, Rosseneu M, Brasseur R, Gosselet N, Attenot F, Cuiné S, Séguret S, Latta M, Fruchart J. Identification of specific amphipathic alpha-helical sequence of human apolipoprotein A-IV involved in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activation. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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110
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Steinmetz A, Scha¨fer J, Brand S, Hackler R. Phenotyping of plasma apolipoproteins A and C by automated rapid and easy isoelectric focusing using PhastSystemTM and immunofixation. Atherosclerosis 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(94)94233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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111
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Schwarz S, Haas B, Luley C, Schäfer JR, Steinmetz A. Quantification of apolipoprotein A-IV in human plasma by immunonephelometry. Clin Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/40.9.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We developed a nephelometric procedure for determining concentrations of human plasma apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV. Results obtained correlate well with those measured by an established electroimmunodiffusion assay (r = 0.98; n = 56). Intra- and interassay CVs were 2.4% and 2.0%, respectively, indicating excellent precision and reproducibility. Various conditions of sample treatment, such as adequate storage, freezing, and thawing, did not affect results significantly. However, keeping samples at room temperature for 4 days led to a slight increase in measured values. Preincubation with a cholesterinesterase-detergent mixture abolished interference from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, allowing assay of samples containing triglycerides as great as 10 g/L. The assay is easily applicable to clinical laboratories for routine diagnostic use, as shown with hypertriglyceridemic plasmas and samples with a broad range of apo A-IV concentrations.
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112
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Dudareva N, Evrard JL, Pillay DT, Steinmetz A. Nucleotide sequence of a pollen-specific cDNA from Helianthus annuus L. encoding a highly basic protein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1994; 106:403-4. [PMID: 7972527 PMCID: PMC159543 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.1.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
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113
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Schwarz S, Haas B, Luley C, Schäfer JR, Steinmetz A. Quantification of apolipoprotein A-IV in human plasma by immunonephelometry. Clin Chem 1994; 40:1717-21. [PMID: 8070081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We developed a nephelometric procedure for determining concentrations of human plasma apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV. Results obtained correlate well with those measured by an established electroimmunodiffusion assay (r = 0.98; n = 56). Intra- and interassay CVs were 2.4% and 2.0%, respectively, indicating excellent precision and reproducibility. Various conditions of sample treatment, such as adequate storage, freezing, and thawing, did not affect results significantly. However, keeping samples at room temperature for 4 days led to a slight increase in measured values. Preincubation with a cholesterinesterase-detergent mixture abolished interference from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, allowing assay of samples containing triglycerides as great as 10 g/L. The assay is easily applicable to clinical laboratories for routine diagnostic use, as shown with hypertriglyceridemic plasmas and samples with a broad range of apo A-IV concentrations.
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114
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Steinmetz A. [Which study conclusions favor so-called primary prevention of increased cholesterol values, which speak against prevention and what therapy guidelines are reliable?]. Internist (Berl) 1994; 35:880-1. [PMID: 7960571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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115
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Steinmetz A, Scha¨fer J, Kaffarnik H, Schwartz T. A multicenter comparison of micronized fenofibrate and simvastatin in patients with primary type IIa or IIb hyperlipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(94)93641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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116
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Domon C, Steinmetz A. Exon shuffling in anther-specific genes from sunflower. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1994; 244:312-7. [PMID: 8058042 DOI: 10.1007/bf00285459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe here the nucleotide sequence of an anther-specific gene (sf18) from sunflower, encoding a proline- and glycine-rich polypeptide with a hydrophobic amino-terminus (signal peptide). The gene is split by a 211 bp intron and is partially related to another anther-specific gene (sf2) from sunflower with which it shares important sequence stretches in the 5' coding and upstream regions. We propose that the two gene have originated via exon shuffling, during which a copy of a DNA segment including the promoter region as well as a signal peptide coding sequence has been transferred into the upstream region of two different potential coding sequences, generating two novel genes which display the same specificity of expression and which both encode an extracellular protein. While the 5' region of the intron is highly conserved as part of the transferred region and may play a role in the selection of the 5' splice site, a common octanucleotide at the 3' end of the intron of the two genes might be involved in 3' splice site selection.
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117
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von Eckardstein A, Funke H, Chirazi A, Chen-Haudenschild C, Schulte H, Schönfeld R, Köhler E, Schwarz S, Steinmetz A, Assmann G. Sex-specific effects of the glutamine/histidine polymorphism in apo A-IV on HDL metabolism. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS : A JOURNAL OF VASCULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 14:1114-20. [PMID: 8018667 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.14.7.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In Caucasians, a histidine for glutamine substitution (Gln-->His) at residue 360 in apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV leads to an electrophoretically detectable polymorphism whose contribution to lipid metabolism regulation is controversial. In this study of 426 male and 188 female coronary heart disease patients, we analyzed the impact of this polymorphism on lipid metabolism, particularly high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The frequency of the rarer apo A-IV (360:His) allele was .069. This polymorphism exerted opposite effects in men and women in terms of serum concentrations of total cholesterol; triglycerides; HDL cholesterol; LDL cholesterol; lipoprotein (Lp) A-I; and apo A-I, A-II, and B. Only the difference in Lp A-I levels between male apo A-IV (360:Gln/Gln) homozygotes and apo A-IV (360:Gln/His) heterozygotes was significant (P < .05). In randomly selected subgroups of 38 male and 15 female apo A-IV (360:Gln/His) heterozygotes and 104 male and 15 female apo A-IV (360:Gln) homozygotes, heterozygosity for apo A-IV (360:Gln/His) in both sexes was associated with lower plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity (P < .05) and higher serum apo A-IV concentrations (P < .01 in men). Moreover, only men had significantly higher mean plasma activity levels of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) (P < .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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118
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Schäfer JR, Ehlenz K, Steinmetz A, Pilz C, Hunneman DH, Baerwald C, von Wichert P, Kaffarnik H. [Adrenomyeloneuropathy. A frequent cause of Addison's disease]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1994; 119:327-31. [PMID: 8125035 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1058698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is a "milder form" of adrenoleukodystrophy with a X-linked inheritance. Abnormal catabolism of the very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) results in Addison's disease and spastic paraparesis. The VLCFA concentration was measured in 23 of 26 patients with Addison's disease (mean age 48.5 [20-75] years) being treated at the University Hospital Marburg during May, 1991. The concentration was elevated in four of the 12 men with the disease, while it was within normal limits in the 11 women. Only two patients had paraparesis-like neurological deficits. This finding suggests that AMN is not as rare as has been supposed. It is recommended that the concentration of VLCFA be measured in all patients with Addison's disease, because an increase could have important consequences.
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119
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Herrmann W, Hanf S, Kaffarnik H, Motzny S, Reissner J, Steinmetz A. The influence of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B and A-I during the first year of life. Pediatrics 1994; 93:296-302. [PMID: 8121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo)E polymorphism has been shown to be associated with different serum levels of cholesterol, apoB, and apoE. In clarifying the degree of influence of the apoE isoforms, investigations in an early stage of life are useful. The aim of the study was to investigate the plasma levels of apoB and apoA-I as structural proteins of low and high density lipoproteins, in relation to apoE phenotypes during the first year of life. Conclusions about the relationship between apoE phenotype and the development of the lipoprotein patterns can be drawn. The concentrations of apoB and apoA-I in capillary plasma as well as the apoE phenotype were estimated in 199 newborns (7 days old) and in follow-up investigations of a subgroup of 45 at 1, 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks. The phenotype frequencies were as follows: 70% apoE 3/3, 16% apoE 3/4, 10% apoE 2/3, 2.5% apoE 2/2, and 1.5% apoE 4/2. The plasma concentrations of apoB and apoA-I in the newborns (7 days old) averaged 55% of the adult value and increased toward the end of the first year of life up to approximately 85%. The course of the plasma concentrations of apoB and apoA-I in relation to the apoE phenotype showed that, beginning at 24 weeks, the apoB levels were significantly lower for the phenotype E 2/2 and in tendency also for the phenotype E 2/3 in comparison with E 3/3. At the end of the first year of life, the apoB levels in infants with apoE phenotype 2/2 increased only by 50% and yielded 0.59 g/L.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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120
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Hackler R, Schäfer JR, Motzny S, Brand S, Kleine TO, Kaffarnik H, Steinmetz A. Rapid determination of apolipoprotein E phenotypes from whole plasma by automated isoelectric focusing using PhastSystem and immunofixation. J Lipid Res 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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121
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Hackler R, Schäfer JR, Motzny S, Brand S, Kleine TO, Kaffarnik H, Steinmetz A. Rapid determination of apolipoprotein E phenotypes from whole plasma by automated isoelectric focusing using PhastSystem and immunofixation. J Lipid Res 1994; 35:153-8. [PMID: 8138717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of the genetic apolipoprotein (apo) E isoforms on human plasma lipoproteins is well established. There is, however, still a need for a phenotyping procedure applicable in laboratories not specialized in lipid research. To this end, we developed a rapid, automated electrophoresis method for apoE phenotyping. Either self-made or commercially available precasted gels can be used. Fresh or frozen samples corresponding to 0.1 microliter of plasma are applied automatically after lipid extraction in a urea-containing buffer onto the gel and isoelectric focusing is carried out for 45 min. Thereafter, apoE bands are precipitated by specific polyclonal antibodies and visualized by automated silver staining. The method is reliable, easily and quickly performed, and not restricted to specialized laboratories.
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122
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Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins comprise a family of apolipoproteins coded for by at least three genes with allelic variation and a high degree of homology between species. The synthesis of certain members of the family is greatly increased in inflammation. However, SAA is not often used as an acute-phase marker despite being at least as sensitive as C-reactive protein. SAA proteins can be considered as apolipoproteins since they associate with plasma lipoproteins mainly within the high density range, perhaps through amphipathic alpha-helical structure. It is not known why certain subjects expressing SAA develop secondary systemic amyloidosis. There is still no specific function attributed to SAA; however, a popular hypothesis suggests that SAA may modulate metabolism of high density lipoproteins (HDL). This may impede the protective function of HDL against the development of atherosclerosis. The potential significance of the association between SAA and lipoproteins needs further evaluation.
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123
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Malle E, Leis HJ, Steinmetz A, Paschke E, Hoefler G. Cyclooxygenase pathway in dermal fibroblasts from patients with metabolic disorders of peroxisomal origin. Clin Chim Acta 1993; 217:205-12. [PMID: 8261630 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(93)90167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase metabolism was studied in fibroblasts from patients with metabolic disorders of peroxisomal origin (adrenomyeloneuropathy, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, cerebrohepatorenal syndrome of Zellweger and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata). In response to arachidonic acid (6.25-100 microM) or calcium ionophore A23187 (2.5-20 microM) prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha are the main cyclooxygenase metabolites formed. No formation of thromboxane B2 or 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 was found. Apparently due to the heterogeneous nature of peroxisomal disorders no uniform pattern of cyclooxygenase metabolism and eicosanoid concentrations in cell lines from patients with peroxisomal defects was found.
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124
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Hesse A, Altland K, Linke RP, Almeida MR, Saraiva MJ, Steinmetz A, Maisch B. Cardiac amyloidosis: a review and report of a new transthyretin (prealbumin) variant. Heart 1993; 70:111-5. [PMID: 8038017 PMCID: PMC1025267 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.70.2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is caused by amyloid deposits derived from different human plasma proteins. It can lead to cardiac conduction disturbances, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and low output heart failure. The heart is variably involved during the development of systemic amyloidosis and seems to be more frequently affected in immunoglobulin (primary) than in reactive (secondary) amyloidosis. Amyloid is common in the elderly. Isolated atrial amyloid, for which a major subunit is the atrial natriuretic peptide, seems to be three times more frequent than senile cardiac amyloid, which is derived from normal prealbumin (transthyretin). Like polyneuropathy, cardiac amyloidosis is a prominent clinical feature of hereditary amyloidosis, namely of the autosomal dominant transthyretin (TTR) type. All 28 cases of TTR amyloidoses reported so far were heterozygotes for a single nucleotide change in the gene for TTR that resulted in amino acid substitutions in the mature protein. A new TTR genetic variant is reported in a German family where the index patient presented at the age of 63 with anginal pain and arrhythmia. Electrocardiography was suggestive of a pseudoinfarction pattern, and echocardiography and cardiac catheterisation showed signs of hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy with increased ventricular filling pressures and a prominent "a" wave. Amyloid of the TTR type was identified by immunohistochemistry in the endomyocardial biopsy specimen. Hybrid isoelectric focusing established heterozygosity by showing normal TTR protein and an electrically neutral TTR variant differing from all known TTR variants so far. The patient died in an accident before investigations were complete. Electrophoretic analysis of the plasma from his first degree relatives (son, daughter, brother, and mother) identified the asymptomatic 22 year old son as an apparently heterozygous carrier of the mutant TTR protein. Comparative tryptic peptide mapping and sequencing showed that isoleucine at position 68 of the amino acid sequence was replaced by leucine.
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125
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Rader DJ, Schäfer J, Lohse P, Verges B, Kindt M, Zech LA, Steinmetz A, Brewer HB. Rapid in vivo transport and catabolism of human apolipoprotein A-IV-1 and slower catabolism of the apoA-IV-2 isoprotein. J Clin Invest 1993; 92:1009-17. [PMID: 8349786 PMCID: PMC294942 DOI: 10.1172/jci116606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV is a polymorphic, intestinally derived apolipoprotein that is genetically linked to and similar in structure to apoA-I, the major apolipoprotein in high density lipoproteins (HDL). ApoA-IV plays a potentially important role in lipoprotein metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport, but its in vivo metabolism is poorly understood. In order to gain insight into factors modulating apoA-IV metabolism in humans, the in vivo kinetics of the two major human apoA-IV isoproteins apoA-IV-1 and apoA-IV-2 were investigated in normolipidemic human subjects. 131I-apoA-IV-1 and 125I-apoA-IV-2 were reassociated with autologous plasma and injected into study subjects. Analysis of the kinetic data revealed a rapid mean fractional catabolic rate (FCR) for apoA-IV-1 of 2.42 +/- 0.11 d-1. The mean production, or transport, rate of apoA-IV-1 was 16.3 +/- 1.4 mg/kg per d. Plasma apoA-IV concentrations were highly correlated with apoA-IV production rate (r = 0.84, P < 0.001) and not correlated with apoA-IV fractional catabolic rate (r = 0.25, P = NS). The mean FCR of apoA-IV-2 was 2.21 +/- 0.10 d-1. In the ten subjects in whom 131I-apoA-IV-1 and 125I-apoA-IV-2 were simultaneously injected, the FCR of apoA-IV-2 was significantly slower by paired t test (P = 0.003). The FCR of apoA-IV-2 in an apoA-IV-2/2 homozygote was only 1.49 d-1, substantially slower than in all other subjects. We conclude that: (a) apoA-IV is a rapidly catabolized apolipoprotein in humans, with a fractional catabolic rate more than 10 times greater than that of apoA-I; (b) apoA-IV has a high absolute transport rate similar to that of apoA-I; (c) plasma levels of apoA-IV are primarily determined by apoA-IV production rate in normolipidemic subjects; and (d) the fractional catabolic rate of the common variant apoA-IV-2 is slower than that of the wild-type apoA-IV-1.
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