The role of HLA-G in parasitic diseases

Little attention has been devoted to the role of HLA-G gene and molecule on parasitic disorders, and the available studies have focused on malaria, African and American trypanosomiasis, leishmaniosis, toxoplasmosis and echinococcosis. After reporting a brief description regarding the role of the cells of innate and adaptive immune system against parasites, we reviewed the major features of the HLA-G gene and molecule and the role of HLA-G on the major cells of immune system. Increased levels of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) have been observed in patients presenting toxoplasmosis and in the active phase of echinococcosis. In addition, increased sHLA-G has also been associated with increased susceptibility to malaria and increased susceptibility to develop human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). In contrast, decreased membrane-bound HLA-G has been reported in placenta of patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum and in heart and colon of patients presenting Chagas disease. The 3' untranslated region of the HLA-G gene has been the main focus of studies on malaria, HAT and Chagas disease, exhibiting distinct patterns of associations. Considering that HLA-G is an immune checkpoint molecule, inhibiting the activity of several cells of the immune system, the excessive neoexpression and the increased sHLA-G levels together with the decreased constitutive tissue expression of membrane-bound HLA-G may be detrimental to the host infected with parasite agents.

Identification of a divergent genotype of equine arteritis virus from South American donkeys

A novel equine arteritis virus (EAV) was isolated and sequenced from feral donkeys in Chile. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the new virus and South African asinine strains diverged at least 100 years from equine EAV strains. The results indicate that asinine strains belonged to a different EAV genotype.

Combined Analysis of Neutrino and Antineutrino Oscillations at T2K

T2K reports its first results in the search for CP violation in neutrino oscillations using appearance and disappearance channels for neutrino- and antineutrino-mode beams. The data include all runs from January 2010 to May 2016 and comprise 7.482×10^{20} protons on target in neutrino mode, which yielded in the far detector 32 e-like and 135  μ-like events, and 7.471×10^{20} protons on target in antineutrino mode, which yielded 4 e-like and 66  μ-like events. Reactor measurements of sin^{2}2θ_{13} have been used as an additional constraint. The one-dimensional confidence interval at 90% for the phase δ_{CP} spans the range (-3.13, -0.39) for normal mass ordering. The CP conservation hypothesis (δ_{CP}=0, π) is excluded at 90% C.L.

Abstract P5-08-30: Utilization of oncotype DX for breast cancer in different facility types in Louisiana

Background: Oncotype DX, a 21-gene recurrence score, is the most validated prognostic assay that may identify both women most and least likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. It was added to the ASCO guidelines in 2007 and the NCCN guidelines in 2008 for use in node negative, hormone receptor (HR)+, HER2- breast cancer patients who will undergo 5 years of endocrine therapy. We explored its utilization in different cancer care settings to assess differences in the tool's utilization.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Louisiana Tumor Registry, one of the NCI funded SEER registries for cases of HR+ HER2- localized breast cancer from 2010-2012 and explored differences in utilization of the Oncotype DX by facility type – teaching hospital cancer program (THCP), community hospital comprehensive cancer program (COMP), community hospital cancer program (CHCP), commission on cancer program (COC) and public hospital program. Chemotherapy administration data was collected on the 2011 cases with chemotherapy data collected from a CDC funded special project Enhancing Cancer Registry Data for Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER). Hospital sites were identified by the location where patients underwent surgery. Demographic and clinical factors were adjusted for using multivariate logistic regression.

Results: Of the patients who did have the Oncotype DX, 39.2% were white, 32.3% black. Women over 70 were much less likely (29.3% vs. >45% in women <70) to have the test. Patients who received surgery at public hospitals had the lowest chance (16.7%), whereas those who received surgery at COMP were most likely to have the test (43.1%) and at teaching hospitals, 31.8% had the test. The odds of not using Oncotype DX were significantly higher in public hospitals than THCP even after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors (OR=2.44; 95% CI: 1.39-4.27).

Odds Ratios and 95% CIs for Oncotype DX (No/Yes) in HR+/HER2- localized breast cancer in 2010-2012, LouisianaHospital type#Crude Odds Ratio and 95% CIAdjusted Odds Ratio and 95% CITHCP422referencereferenceCOMP4891.63 (1.24-2.14)0.56 (0.41-0.76)CHCP8101.35 (1.06-1.74)0.74 (0.56-0.98)Public1140.43 (0.25-0.73)2.44 (1.39-4.27)NonCOC/Non Public10321.37 (1.07-1.74)0.70 (0.53-0.92)

Conclusions: Patients who had the Oncotype DX performed in our Louisiana database were most likely white, <70 and had their surgeries at COMP. The odds of not having the Oncotype DX performed were significantly higher in public hospitals as compared with teaching hospitals when adjusting for demographic and clinical factors.

Citation Format: Loch M, Li X, Mumphrey B, Garcia A, Wu X-C. Utilization of oncotype DX for breast cancer in different facility types in Louisiana [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-08-30.