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Boswell S, Gusowski K, Kaiser A, Flachenecker P. Hippotherapie bei Multipler Sklerose – eine prospektive, kontrollierte, randomisierte und einfachblinde Studie. AKTUELLE NEUROLOGIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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102
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Kaiser A, Wiemann C, Cramm S, Schneider CM. Influence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy on the magnetization dynamics of magnetic microstructures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:314008. [PMID: 21828569 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/31/314008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The study of magnetodynamics using stroboscopic time-resolved x-ray photoemission electron microscopy (TR-XPEEM) involves an intrinsic timescale provided by the pulse structure of the synchrotron radiation. In the usual multi-bunch operation mode, the time span between two subsequent light pulses is too short to allow a relaxation of the system into the ground state before the next pump-probe cycle starts. Using a deflection gating mechanism described in this paper we are able to pick the photoemission signal resulting from selected light pulses. Thus, PEEM measurements can be carried out in a flexible timing scheme with longer delays between two light pulses. Using this technique, the magnetodynamics of both Permalloy and iron structures have been investigated. The differences in the dynamic response on a short magnetic field pulse are discussed with respect to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy.
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Phair J, Lönnroth N, Lundberg M, Kaiser A. Characteristics of cerium-gadolinium oxide (CGO) suspensions as a function of dispersant and powder properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Qamhiyeh S, Stuschke M, Geismar D, Kaiser A, Abu-Jawad J, Farr J. SU-FF-T-93: Assessment of Dose Conformality and the Effects of Inter- and Intra-Fraction Motion On the Dose Distribution Intensity Modulated Proton Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Treatment Planning Study. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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105
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Farr J, Geismar D, Kaiser A, Stuschke M. SU-FF-T-660: Treatment Quality Sensitivity to Varying Beam Spot Size and Number of Fields in Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is a reportable, eradicable epizootic disease caused by the equine lentivirus of the retrovirus family which affects equids only and occurs worldwide. The virus is transmitted by blood, mainly by sanguivorous insects. The main symptoms of the disease are pyrexia, apathy, loss of body condition and weight, anemia, edema and petechia. However, infected horses can also be inapparent carriers without any overt signs. The disease is diagnosed by serological tests like the Coggins test and ELISA tests. Presently, Switzerland is offi cially free from EIA. However, Switzerland is permanently at risk of introducing the virus as cases of EIA have recently been reported in different European countries.
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Ghousunnissa S, Nooruddin K, Kaiser A, Mukhopadhyay S. Anti-PPD T-Cell Response in TB Patients is Modulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Heat Shock Protein 60. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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108
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de Witte MA, Jorritsma A, Kaiser A, van den Boom MD, Dokter M, Bendle GM, Haanen JBAG, Schumacher TNM. Requirements for Effective Antitumor Responses of TCR Transduced T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:5128-36. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.7.5128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Eberhard A, Wenzlaff P, Lack N, Misselwitz B, Kaiser A, Bartels DB. [Federal admission criteria for levels of perinatal care: definition, interpretation and first conclusions]. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008; 212:100-8. [PMID: 18709629 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome of high risk pregnancies is better in tertiary hospitals. The German government introduced levels of perinatal care only in 2006. The aim of this study was to investigate how many children are to be expected for each level, taking the possible width of interpretation of the admission criteria into account. MATERIALS AND METHODS Perinatal quality assurance data from four German states (2005) were available. Based on the admission criteria used for level definitions, children were categorised into four different levels of care. To illustrate the possible width of interpretation of these admission criteria three analytical strategies were used. In addition, the distribution of children on different types of hospitals prior to the introduction of levels of care was analysed. RESULTS Most deliveries (86-93 %) correspond to the lowest level, and only 1-5 % to the highest. Up to 15 % of children who should have been cared for in the highest level were born in hospitals with less than 500 annual deliveries. Among the neonates with risk profiles corresponding to the admission criteria for the two highest levels, up to 30 % were born in delivery units without NICUs. The majority (83 %) of attached NICUs had low caseloads (< 50 neonates < 1500 g / year). CONCLUSION Most children fulfil the admission criteria for the lowest level of care whereas the need for specialised centres is rather low. Optimising the place of birth appropriately remains a challenge. Definition of levels of care based on admission criteria are difficult to implement due to a broad variety of interpretations.
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Heemskerk B, Liu K, Dudley ME, Johnson LA, Kaiser A, Downey S, Zheng Z, Shelton TE, Matsuda K, Robbins PF, Morgan RA, Rosenberg SA. Adoptive cell therapy for patients with melanoma, using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes genetically engineered to secrete interleukin-2. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:496-510. [PMID: 18444786 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) after lymphodepletion mediates regression in 50% of patients with metastatic melanoma. In vivo persistence and telomere length of the transferred cells correlate with antitumor response. In an attempt to prolong the in vivo survival of the transferred cells, TILs were genetically engineered to produce interleukin (IL)-2. In vitro, these transduced TILs secreted IL-2 while retaining tumor specificity and exhibited prolonged survival after IL-2 withdrawal. In a phase I/II clinical trial, seven evaluable patients received transduced TILs and one patient experienced a partial response associated with in vivo persistence of IL-2-transduced TILs in circulating lymphocytes. An additional five patients received transduced TILs in conjunction with IL-2 administration. Persistence of IL-2-transduced TILs was observed in three patients, including one partial responder. The transgene DNA as well as vector-derived IL2 mRNA could be detected for 4 months in responding patients. The low response rate in this trial was possibly due to a reduction in telomere length in cells as a result of prolonged in vitro culture. In this study, insertion of the IL-2 gene into antitumor TILs increased their ability to survive after IL-2 withdrawal in vitro but did not increase their in vivo persistence or clinical effectiveness.
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Alexander E, Travis S, Booms C, Kaiser A, Fry N, Harrison T, Ganpot B, Klein J. Pertussis outbreak on a neonatal unit: identification of a healthcare worker as the likely source. J Hosp Infect 2008; 69:131-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Johnson LA, Kaiser A, Paulos CM, Powell DJ, Heemskerk B, Restifo NP, Rosenberg SA. IL12 polarization of mouse and human T‐cells: implications for adoptive immunotherapy. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1077.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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113
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Balmer RS, Friel I, Woollard SM, Wort CJH, Scarsbrook GA, Coe SE, El-Hajj H, Kaiser A, Denisenko A, Kohn E, Isberg J. Unlocking diamond's potential as an electronic material. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2008; 366:251-265. [PMID: 18024362 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the suitability of diamond as a semiconductor material for high-performance electronic applications. The current status of the manufacture of synthetic diamond is reviewed and assessed. In particular, we consider the quality of intrinsic material now available and the challenges in making doped structures suitable for practical devices. Two practical applications are considered in detail. First, the development of high-voltage switches capable of switching voltages in excess of 10 kV. Second, the development of diamond MESFETs for high-frequency and high-power applications. Here device data are reported showing a current density of more than 30 mA mm(-1) along with small-signal RF measurements demonstrating gigahertz operation. We conclude by considering the remaining challenges which will need to be overcome if commercially attractive diamond electronic devices are to be manufactured.
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Paulos CM, Kaiser A, Wrzesinski C, Hinrichs CS, Cassard L, Boni A, Muranski P, Sanchez-Perez L, Palmer DC, Yu Z, Antony PA, Gattinoni L, Rosenberg SA, Restifo NP. Toll-like receptors in tumor immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:5280-9. [PMID: 17875756 PMCID: PMC2131730 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lymphodepletion with chemotherapeutic agents or total body irradiation (TBI) before adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T cells is a critical advancement in the treatment of patients with melanoma. More than 50% of patients that are refractory to other treatments experience an objective or curative response with this approach. Emerging data indicate that the key mechanisms underlying how TBI augments the functions of adoptively transferred T cells include (a) the depletion of regulatory T cells (T(reg)) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells that limit the function and proliferation of adoptively transferred cells; (b) the removal of immune cells that act as "sinks" for homeostatic cytokines, whose levels increase after lymphodepletion; and (c) the activation of the innate immune system via Toll-like receptor 4 signaling, which is engaged by microbial lipopolysaccharide that translocated across the radiation-injured gut. Here, we review these mechanisms and focus on the effect of Toll-like receptor agonists in adoptive immunotherapy. We also discuss alternate regimens to chemotherapy or TBI, which might be used to safely treat patients with advanced disease and promote tumor regression.
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Kaiser A, Liebich HG, Maierl J. Functional Anatomy of the Distal Radioulnar Ligament in Dogs. Anat Histol Embryol 2007; 36:466-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2007.00820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Paulos CM, Wrzesinski C, Kaiser A, Hinrichs CS, Chieppa M, Cassard L, Palmer DC, Boni A, Muranski P, Yu Z, Gattinoni L, Antony PA, Rosenberg SA, Restifo NP. Microbial translocation augments the function of adoptively transferred self/tumor-specific CD8+ T cells via TLR4 signaling. J Clin Invest 2007. [DOI: 10.1172/jci32205c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kaiser A, Bartley J, Loddenkemper C, Schneider A, Ebert AD, Mechsner S. Untersuchungen zur klinischen Bedeutung Endometriose-assoziierter Nervenfasern (EM-aNF) in peritonealen Endometrioseläsionen (pEM). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-989158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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118
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Wrzesinski C, Paulos CM, Gattinoni L, Palmer DC, Kaiser A, Yu Z, Rosenberg SA, Restifo NP. Hematopoietic stem cells promote the expansion and function of adoptively transferred antitumor CD8 T cells. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:492-501. [PMID: 17273561 PMCID: PMC1783812 DOI: 10.1172/jci30414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Depleting host immune elements with nonmyeloablative regimens prior to the adoptive transfer of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells significantly enhances tumor treatment. In the current study, superior antitumor efficacy was achieved by further increasing the intensity of lymphodepletion to a level that required HSC transplantation. Surprisingly, the HSC transplant and not the increased lymphodepletion caused a robust expansion of adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells. The HSC-driven cell expansion of effector, but not of naive, CD8(+) T cells was independent of in vivo restimulation by MHC class I-expressing APCs. Simultaneously, HSCs also facilitated the reconstitution of the host lymphoid compartment, including inhibitory elements, not merely via the production of progeny cells but by enhancing the expansion of cells that had survived lymphodepletion. Profound lymphodepletion, by myeloablation or by genetic means, focused the nonspecific HSC boost preferentially toward the transferred tumor-specific T cells, leading to successful tumor treatment. These findings indicate that CD8(+) T cell-mediated tumor responses can be efficiently driven by HSCs in the myeloablative setting and have substantial implications for the design of new antitumor immunotherapies.
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Abstract
Traditionally, women receiving azathioprine have been discouraged from breastfeeding because of theoretical potential risks of neonatal bone marrow suppression, susceptibility to infection, and pancreatitis. The aims of this study were to measure the concentration of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in breast milk of mothers receiving azathioprine and in the blood of their babies and to investigate any immunosuppressive effects on the babies. Women receiving azathioprine, who after appropriate counselling wished to breastfeed their babies, were approached for inclusion in the study. Breast milk samples were obtained from recruited women, and 6-MP levels were measured in each breast milk sample. Haemoglobin level, white cell and platelet counts, and 6-MP and 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN) levels were measured in the respective neonatal blood samples. Clinical signs of immunosuppression in the neonates were noted. Thirty-one breast milk samples were collected from ten women. Low concentrations of 6-MP (1.2 and 7.6 nanograms/ml, compared with therapeutic immunosuppressant level of 50 nanograms/ml in serum) were detected in two breast milk samples obtained from one woman. 6-MP was not detected in any of the other 29 samples. 6-MP and 6-TGN were undetectable in the neonatal blood. There were no clinical or haematological signs of immunosuppression in any of the ten neonates. We conclude that breastfeeding should not be withheld in infants of mothers receiving azathioprine.
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Radke P, Nau C, Kaiser A, Hoffmann R, Schunkert H, Weber C. Mobilisation of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing direct percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from a matched-pair analysis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kaiser A, Ulmer D, Goebel T, Holzgrabe U, Saeftel M, Hoerauf A. Inhibition of hypusine biosynthesis in plasmodium: a possible, new strategy in prevention and therapy of malaria. Mini Rev Med Chem 2006; 6:1231-41. [PMID: 17100634 DOI: 10.2174/138955706778742795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The increasing drug resistance of malaria parasites against chemotherapeutics enforces new strategies in finding new drugs. Here, we describe a new class of compounds the piperidone 3-carboxylates which show an antiplasmodial effect in vitro and in vivo. This effect might be caused by inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF-5A).
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Han C, Kaiser A, Schultheiss T, Wong J, Smith D, Liu A, Vora N, Pezner R, Chen Y, Radany E. 2741. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Röst CCM, Jacqueline J, Kaiser A, Verhagen AP, Koes BW. Prognosis of women with pelvic pain during pregnancy: a long-term follow-up study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2006; 85:771-7. [PMID: 16817072 DOI: 10.1080/00016340600626982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A follow-up study of women with pelvic pain during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES To evaluate prognostic factors for pelvic pain. METHODS Out of a cohort of 870 pelvic pain patients, 598 women, who delivered less than 42 months prior to the follow-up measurement, were selected for follow-up. RESULTS Data of 430 women were available for analysis with a mean follow-up duration of 18 months postpartum. Forty-three women still experienced moderate or severe pain and were seriously hindered in more than one activity. At intake symptomatic women experienced a higher overall severity of complaints, more walking deficiencies, and mentioned prepregnancy back pain more often and reported labor lasting longer than 18 h 2.5 times more often than asymptomatic women. Explained variance of these factors is small. CONCLUSIONS Mean 18 months postpartum a small group had moderate or severe pain. Prepregnancy back pain, severity of complaints, and number of walking deficiencies at primary referral as well as duration of labor showed a significant relation with symptoms.
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Antony PA, Paulos CM, Ahmadzadeh M, Akpinarli A, Palmer DC, Sato N, Kaiser A, Hinrichs CS, Heinrichs C, Klebanoff CA, Tagaya Y, Restifo NP. Interleukin-2-dependent mechanisms of tolerance and immunity in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:5255-66. [PMID: 16621991 PMCID: PMC1473163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.9.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IL-2 is a critical T cell growth factor in vitro, but predominantly mediates tolerance in vivo. IL-2 is mainly produced by CD4(+) Th cells, but the role of Th cell-derived IL-2 in vivo is controversial. We demonstrate that during immunity to a tumor/self-Ag, the predominant role of Th cell-derived IL-2 was to maintain IL-2Ralpha (CD25) on CD4(+) T regulatory cells (T(reg)), which resulted in their maintenance of the T(reg) cell lineage factor, Forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (Foxp3), and tolerance. However, in the absence of T(reg) cells, Th cell-derived IL-2 maintained effector T cells and caused autoimmunity. IL-2R signaling was indispensable for T(reg) cell homeostasis and efficient suppressor function in vivo, but, surprisingly, was not required for their generation, because IL-2(-/-) and CD25(-/-) mice both contained Foxp3(+) T cells in the periphery. IL-2R signaling was also important for CD8(+) T cell immunity, because CD25(-/-) tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells failed to affect established tumors. Conversely, IL-2R signaling was not required for Th cell function. Lastly, administration of anti-IL-2 plus exogenous IL-15 to tumor-bearing mice enhanced the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. Therefore, Th cell-derived IL-2 paradoxically controls both tolerance and immunity to a tumor/self-Ag in vivo.
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