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Renteria M, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Badal R, Johnson B, Bouchillon S, Dowzicky M. Tigecycline and Comparators Against Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Isolates Worldwide. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Badal R, Renteria M, Bouchillon S, Johnson B, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Dowzicky M. In Vitro Potency of Tigecycline Against Pathogens from Most Common Body Sites: A Study in Asia/Pacific Rim. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Hoban D, Badal R, Renteria M, Bouchillon S, Johnson B, Johnson J, Hackel M, Dowzicky M. Tigecycline Comparison with Minocycline Resistance Pathogens. A Worldwide Perspective. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Johnson B, Badal R, Bouchillon S, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Renteria M, Dowzicky M. The in Vitro Activity of Tigecycline and Antimicrobial Cross-Resistance Against Enterobacteriaceae Worldwide. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Johnson B, Renteria M, Badal R, Bouchillon S, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Dowzicky M. A Global Evaluation of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) Against Tigecycline: The T.E.S.T. Program. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Fischer M, Hills S, Staples E, Johnson B, Yaich M, Solomon T. Measuring Japanese Encephalitis Disease Burden: Challenges in Surveillance and Diagnostics. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Johnson J, Hoban D, Johnson B, Bouchillon S, Hackel M, Badal R, Renteria M, Dowzicky M. An Evaluation of Tigecycline and Comparators in Asia/Pacific Rim for Often Difficult to Treat Pathogens. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Johnson B, Bouchillon S, Hackel M, Johnson J, Renteria M, Badal R, Hoban D, Dowzicky M. An Asia/Pacific Rim Perspective of Enterobacteriaceae Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) Isolates Against Tigecycline. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Badal R, Bouchillon S, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Johnson B, Renteria M, Dowzicky M. Evaluation of 11 Antimicrobial Agents Against Australian Bacteremia Isolates: The T.E.S.T. Program. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Hackel M, Badal R, Bouchillon S, Johnson B, Johnson J, Hoban D, Renteria M, Dowzicky M. Evaluation of Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Isolates Against Tigecycline: A Canadian Perspective. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Broadley SA, Vanags D, Williams B, Johnson B, Feeney D, Griffiths L, Shakib S, Brown G, Coulthard A, Mullins P, Kneebone C. Results of a phase IIa clinical trial of an anti-inflammatory molecule, chaperonin 10, in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2008; 15:329-36. [PMID: 19039022 DOI: 10.1177/1352458508099141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chaperonin 10 (Cpn10) is a mitochondrial molecule involved in protein folding. The aim of this study was to determine the safety profile of Cpn10 in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS A total of 50 patients with relapse-remitting or secondary progressive MS were intravenously administered 5 mg or 10 mg of Cpn10 weekly for 12 weeks in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, phase II trial. Clinical reviews, including Expanded Disability Status Scale and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with Gadolinium, were undertaken every 4 weeks. Stimulation of patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells with lipopolysaccharide ex vivo was used to measure the in vivo activity of Cpn10. RESULTS No significant differences in the frequency of adverse events were seen between treatment and placebo arms. Leukocytes from both groups of Cpn10-treated patients produced significantly lower levels of critical proinflammatory cytokines. A trend toward improvement in new Gadolinium-enhancing lesions on MRI was observed, but this difference was not statistically significant. No differences in clinical outcome measures were seen. CONCLUSIONS Cpn10 is safe and well tolerated when administered to patients with MS for 3 months, however, a further extended phase II study primarily focused on efficacy is warranted.
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Abbott B, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin R, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bastarrika M, Bayer K, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn K, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks A, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon K, Cao J, Cardenas L, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt T, Coyne D, Creighton JDE, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Dalrymple J, Danzmann K, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Degree M, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dupuis RJ, Dwyer JG, Echols C, Effler A, Ehrens P, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Fotopoulos N, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke T, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli J, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin L, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hammer D, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry G, Harstad E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Hennessy M, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, Kim C, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu RK, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Lam PK, Landry M, Lang MM, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leindecker N, Leonhardt V, Leonor I, Libbrecht K, Lin H, Lindquist P, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin I, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McIvor G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Meier T, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty S, Moreno G, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray P, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perreca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab F, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rodriguez A, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie J, Route R, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Samidi M, de la Jordana LS, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Stochino A, Stone R, Strain KA, Strom DM, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Tyler W, Ugolini D, Ulmen J, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys M, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch J, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward R, Weinert M, Weinstein A, Weiss R, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker M, Zweizig J, Barthelmy S, Gehrels N, Hurley KC, Palmer D. Search for gravitational-wave bursts from soft gamma repeaters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:211102. [PMID: 19113401 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.211102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a LIGO search for short-duration gravitational waves (GWs) associated with soft gamma ray repeater (SGR) bursts. This is the first search sensitive to neutron star f modes, usually considered the most efficient GW emitting modes. We find no evidence of GWs associated with any SGR burst in a sample consisting of the 27 Dec. 2004 giant flare from SGR 1806-20 and 190 lesser events from SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14. The unprecedented sensitivity of the detectors allows us to set the most stringent limits on transient GW amplitudes published to date. We find upper limit estimates on the model-dependent isotropic GW emission energies (at a nominal distance of 10 kpc) between 3x10;{45} and 9x10;{52} erg depending on waveform type, detector antenna factors and noise characteristics at the time of the burst. These upper limits are within the theoretically predicted range of some SGR models.
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Capes G, Johnson B, McFiggans G, Williams PI, Haywood J, Coe H. Aging of biomass burning aerosols over West Africa: Aircraft measurements of chemical composition, microphysical properties, and emission ratios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hackett A, Boddy L, Boothby J, Dummer TJB, Johnson B, Stratton G. Mapping dietary habits may provide clues about the factors that determine food choice. J Hum Nutr Diet 2008; 21:428-37. [PMID: 18647211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2008.00894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food deserts are thought to be a barrier to making healthier food choices. This concept has been challenged. The interaction between the physical environment and children's food choice has received little attention. The present study used food intake data to generate hypotheses concerning the role of the physical environment in food choice. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of the dietary habits of Year 5 (9-10-year-old) children from 90 of Liverpool's 118 primary schools. Individuals with the 'best' and 'worst' food choices were mapped and two areas associated with these extreme choices located. RESULTS One thousand five hundred and thirty-five children completed the dietary questionnaire and supplied a full and valid postcode. Two adjacent areas with relatively large numbers of children in the 'best' and 'worst' food choice groups were chosen. Both areas had very similar socio-economic profiles. The contrast in the physical environments was striking, even on visual inspection. CONCLUSIONS Food deserts as a cause of poor food choice did not stand scrutiny; the area located by the worst food choices had a plethora of shops selling food (better termed a food prairie), whereas the area located by the best food choices had no shops in evidence but did have more 'space'.
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Milton SF, Greed G, Brooks ME, Haywood J, Johnson B, Allan RP, Slingo A, Grey WMF. Modeled and observed atmospheric radiation balance during the West African dry season: Role of mineral dust, biomass burning aerosol, and surface albedo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cleeland CS, Vaporcian A, Shi Q, Gning I, Johnson B, Mendoza T, Wang XS. A computerized telephone monitoring and alert system to reduce postoperative symptoms: A randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.9536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Tandon L, Hastings E, Banar J, Barnes J, Beddingfield D, Decker D, Dyke J, Farr D, FitzPatrick J, Gallimore D, Garner S, Gritzo R, Hahn T, Havrilla G, Johnson B, Kuhn K, LaMont S, Langner D, Lewis C, Majidi V, Martinez P, McCabe R, Mecklenburg S, Mercer D, Meyers S, Montoya V, Patterson B, Pereyra RA, Porterfield D, Poths J, Rademacher D, Ruggiero C, Schwartz D, Scott M, Spencer K, Steiner R, Villarreal R, Volz H, Walker L, Wong A, Worley C. Nuclear, chemical, and physical characterization of nuclear materials. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-008-0528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Forbes A, Nyilas M, Loze J, Werner C, Johnson B, Owen R, Todorov S, Carson W. Efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole in adolescents with schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Badea CT, Johnston S, Johnson B, Lin M, Hedlund LW, Johnson GA. A dual micro-CT system for small animal imaging. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2008; 6913:691342. [PMID: 22049304 DOI: 10.1117/12.772303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Micro-CT is a non-invasive imaging modality usually used to assess morphology in small animals. In our previous work, we have demonstrated that functional micro-CT imaging is also possible. This paper describes a dual micro-CT system with two fixed x-ray/detectors developed to address such challenging tasks as cardiac or perfusion studies in small animals. A two-tube/detector system ensures simultaneous acquisition of two projections, thus reducing scanning time and the number of contrast injections in perfusion studies by a factor of two. The system is integrated with software developed in-house for cardio-respiratory monitoring and gating. The sampling geometry was optimized for 88 microns in such a way that the geometric blur of the focal spot matches the Nyquist sample at the detector. A geometric calibration procedure allows one to combine projection data from the two chains into a single reconstructed volume. Image quality was measured in terms of spatial resolution, uniformity, noise, and linearity. The modulation transfer function (MTF) at 10% is 3.4 lp/mm for single detector reconstructions and 2.3 lp/mm for dual tube/detector reconstructions. We attribute this loss in spatial resolution to the compounding of slight errors in the separate single chain calibrations. The dual micro-CT system is currently used in studies for morphological and functional imaging of both rats and mice.
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Galazka M, Groves S, Corcoran T, Johnson B, Suffredini A, Britt E, Sherman B, Augustine S, Moainie S, Todd N, Griffith B, Iacono A. 403: Preservation of Pulmonary Function by Inhaled Cyclosporine in Lung Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2007.11.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Coughlin FE, Johnson B. Gastroenteritis Outbreaks from Cream-Filled Pastry. Am J Public Health Nations Health 2008; 31:245-50. [PMID: 18015400 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.31.3.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jiang YB, Froidevaux L, Lambert A, Livesey NJ, Read WG, Waters JW, Bojkov B, Leblanc T, McDermid IS, Godin-Beekmann S, Filipiak MJ, Harwood RS, Fuller RA, Daffer WH, Drouin BJ, Cofield RE, Cuddy DT, Jarnot RF, Knosp BW, Perun VS, Schwartz MJ, Snyder WV, Stek PC, Thurstans RP, Wagner PA, Allaart M, Andersen SB, Bodeker G, Calpini B, Claude H, Coetzee G, Davies J, De Backer H, Dier H, Fujiwara M, Johnson B, Kelder H, Leme NP, König-Langlo G, Kyro E, Laneve G, Fook LS, Merrill J, Morris G, Newchurch M, Oltmans S, Parrondos MC, Posny F, Schmidlin F, Skrivankova P, Stubi R, Tarasick D, Thompson A, Thouret V, Viatte P, Vömel H, von Der Gathen P, Yela M, Zablocki G. Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder Ozone by ozonesonde and lidar measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Johnson B. S23 Biomarkers of lung cancer response to EGFR-TKI. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)70028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Johnson B, Santana V, Schupf N, Tang MX, Stern Y, Mayeux R, Lee JH. The heritability of abstract reasoning in Caribbean Latinos with familial Alzheimer disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2007; 24:411-7. [PMID: 17938569 PMCID: PMC2630497 DOI: 10.1159/000109765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) is under substantial genetic influence. To better understand the genetic influence on component phenotypes of AD, we estimated the heritability (h(2)) of abstract reasoning and examined its relation with apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE-epsilon 4). METHODS We studied abstract reasoning in 1,116 individuals from 210 Caribbean Hispanic families with late onset AD, using the similarities subtest scores from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. We computed h(2), then performed analysis of variance to examine the effect of APOE-epsilon 4. RESULTS Abstract reasoning was highly heritable (h(2)(unadjusted) = 79.9%). After adjusting for covariates, the h(2) was reduced to 32.6%, with education accounting for 40.8% of the variance. The APOE-epsilon 4 allele had no effect. CONCLUSION Abstract reasoning was strongly influenced by genetic factors and education. Genes other than APOE contribute to the inheritance of abstract reasoning ability.
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Mullarkey D, Johnson B, Hackett A. Portion size selection of fruits and vegetables by 9- to 10-year-old children in Liverpool. J Hum Nutr Diet 2007; 20:459-66. [PMID: 17845380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2007.00818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to promote the intake of fruit and vegetables but it is not clear how children interpret the term 'portion'. The aim of this study was to describe portion sizes of various fruits and vegetables selected by primary school children. METHODS A cross-sectional study collected data on children's self-selected portions of fruits and vegetables. Forty-three boys and 52 girls aged 9-10 years attending after school food clubs in Liverpool took part. Children placed a 'portion' of each fruit and vegetable into an empty bowl which was weighed using digital scales accurate to 1 g. RESULTS Mean portion sizes ranged from 126 g for satsumas to 61 g for peas but there were no significant differences between boys and girls. Portions of fruits were larger than portions of vegetables and although there were statistically significant correlations between the portion sizes selected by individual children they were not particularly strong. CONCLUSIONS These children had all taken part in activities promoting '5-a-day' but their perception of 'a portion' varied enormously. It is recommended that children receive targeted activities to help them improve their understanding of what constitutes a 'portion'.
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Zellos L, Richards WG, Capalbo L, Jaklitsch M, Bueno R, Johnson B, Sugarbaker DJ. Phase I trial of extrapleural pneumonectomy [EPP], and intracavitary intraoperative hyperthermic [IOHC] cisplatin with amifostine cytoprotection for malignant pleural mesothelioma. [MPM]. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.18059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
18059 Background: Despite aggressive multimodality treatment, MPM remains a disease with poor survival. Innovative strategies that improve cytoreduction are needed. We sought to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and quantify the toxicity of cisplatin IOHC with amifostine cytoprotection in the setting of EPP for MPM. Methods: 42 MPM patients (pts) were enrolled in an IRB approved protocol. Those who underwent EPP with cytoreduction to < 1 cm3 received 910 mg/m2 of amifostine followed by 1-hour perfusion of the chest and abdomen with cisplatin dose escalation (75–200 mg/m2). Pts were monitored prospectively. Results: 13 pts were unresectable (9 with chest wall invasion, 3 with chest wall and mediastinal invasion and 1 with cardiac invasion). The 29 resected pts had median age 57 years; median stay 15 days, and mortality rate 6.8% (2/29 pts.). Complications were: atrial fibrillation 65.5% (19 pts.), deep vein thrombosis 31% (9 pts.), and grade 3 renal toxicity 31% (9 pts.). Renal toxicity was unrelated to cisplatin dose and no MTD was determined. Median follow-up was 17 months. Median survival (MS) for 42 enrolled pts was 17 months. The 13 unresected pts experienced a 10-month MS. The 29 resected pts had a 20-month MS while 24 epithelial pts experienced a 29-month MS and 5 non-epithelial pts 13 month MS (p=0.006). The 15 pts receiving higher cisplatin doses (175–200 mg/m2) had a 26-month MS while the 14 pts receiving lower doses (75–150 mg/m2) had 16-month median survival. (p=NS) The 10 pts with negative margins has a MS of 25.8 months while 19 pts with positive margins had a 13.4 month MS (p=NS). MS for 20 pts with N2 (-) nodes was 30 months and for 9 pts with N2 (+) 13 months (p= 0.0115). MS for 18 pts with BWH/DFCI stage 1–2 was 32 months and for the 11 stage 3 pts 14 months (p=0.0022). Conclusions: 1) IOHC was technically feasible with acceptable morbidity and mortality 2) Single dose amifostine was inadequate against cisplatin renal toxicity and MTD was not determined. 3) Stage 1–2, epithelial type or N2 (-) pts demonstrated survival greater that expected historic controls. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Raj PP, Chado HN, Angst M, Heavner J, Dotson R, Brandstater ME, Johnson B, Parris W, Finch P, Shahani B, Dhand U, Mekhail N, Daoud E, Hendler N, Somerville J, Wallace M, Panchal S, Glusman S, Jay GW, Palliyath S, Longton W, Irving G. Painless electrodiagnostic current perception threshold and pain tolerance threshold values in CRPS subjects and healthy controls: a multicenter study. Pain Pract 2007; 1:53-60. [PMID: 17129284 DOI: 10.1046/j.1533-2500.2001.01007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate both painless and painful sensory transmission in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) using the automated electrodiagnostic sensory Nerve Conduction Threshold (sNCT) test. This test generates reliable, painless Current Perception Threshold (CPT) and atraumatic Pain Tolerance Threshold (PTT) measures. Standardized CPT and PTT measures using constant alternating current sinusoid waveform stimulus at 3 different frequencies 5 Hz, 250 Hz, and 2 kHz (Neurometer CPT/C Neurotron, Inc. Baltimore, MD) were obtained from CRPS subjects at a distal phalange of the affected extremity and at an ipsilateral asymptomatic control site. Matched sites were tested on healthy subjects. Detection sensitivities for an abnormal PTT and CPT test were calculated based on specificity of 90% as determined from data obtained from healthy controls. A Spearman rank correlation was used to test for a significant association between presence of allodynia and an abnormal PTT or CPT at any frequency tested. Thirty-six CRPS subjects and 57 healthy controls were tested. The highest detection sensitivity of the PTT test from symptomatic test sites was 63% for the finger and 71% for the toe. PTT abnormalities were also detected, to a lesser degree, at the asymptomatic control site (41% finger control site, 16% toe control site). The highest CPT detection sensitivity at the symptomatic site was 37% for the finger site and 53% for the toe site. CPT abnormalities were also detected at the asymptomatic control site (29% finger control site, 37% toe control site). Eighty-six percent of the CRPS subjects had either a PTT or CPT abnormality at any frequency at the symptomatic site. There was a significant correlation between presence of allodynia and presence of an abnormal CPT and PTT, respectively (P < .01). The correlation coefficient was lower for CPT than for PTT, ie, 0.34 versus 0.6 for the finger and 0.48 versus 0.67 for the toe, respectively. In studied CRPS patients an abnormal PTT was detected with higher sensitivity than an abnormal CPT. Assessing PTT may become a useful electrodiagnostic quantitative sensory test for diagnosing and following the course of neuropathic pain conditions.
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Wernery U, Kinne J, Jahans KL, Vordermeier HM, Esfandiari J, Greenwald R, Johnson B, Ul-Haq A, Lyashchenko KP. Tuberculosis outbreak in a dromedary racing herd and rapid serological detection of infected camels. Vet Microbiol 2007; 122:108-15. [PMID: 17317042 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A recent outbreak of tuberculosis (TB) in a dromedary racing herd of 58 animals involved 3 infected animals. Disease was confirmed at necropsy by finding gross lesions from which Mycobacterium bovis (antelope type) was isolated. Sera collected from the camels in this herd were used to evaluate two new serological methods, Multiantigen Print Immunoassay (MAPIA) and rapid test (RT) developed using the lateral-flow technology, in comparison with the intradermal tuberculin tests. Antibodies were found in all three infected dromedaries by both RT and MAPIA, but not in the remaining 55 animals in the herd. With the limited number of animals tested in this study, the serological assays showed the potential for convenient, rapid, and accurate diagnosis of TB in live camels.
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Yakhno T, Sanin A, Pelyushenko A, Kazakov V, Shaposhnikova O, Chernov A, Yakhno V, Vacca C, Falcione F, Johnson B. Uncoated quartz resonator as a universal biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:2127-31. [PMID: 17095204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied dynamic processes in drying drops of model protein-salt solutions, using an uncoated quartz resonator as a biosensor. To measure these processes we developed a method based on recording the dynamics of the Acoustic-Mechanical Impedance (AMI) of a drop as it dried on the surface of a quartz resonator oscillating at a resonant frequency of 60 kHz. The aim of this work was to highlight the role of some components of serum in self-organization processes. Human serum albumin (HSA), fibronectin (Fn), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium chloride (NaCl), Potassium Chloride (KCl), and nonionic surfactant O(CH(2)CH(2))(n)CH(2)CH(2)OH were used as components of the tested solutions. It was shown that dynamics of the AMI in drying drops were closely related to liquid composition. This approach allowed us to distinguish with good accuracy solutions in which one or more components (proteins or salts) were replaced by other components with the same mass concentration. We assumed that these differences were due to different surface properties and native functions of proteins, and different positions of salts in the Hofmeister line. Our preliminary work demonstrated that the dynamics of phase transitions in drying drops of serum could be used as an informative parameter for medical diagnostics. In this study, we highlight some positions in this cause-effect chain.
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Bouchillon S, Badal R, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Johnson B, Dowzicky M. R2159 A survey of multi-drug resistance clinical pathogens in Turkey – T.E.S.T. Program 2006. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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232
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Johnson B, Badal R, Bouchillon S, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Dowzicky M. R2161 In vitro activity of tigecycline in an outpatient vs. inpatient Western European population. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)72000-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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233
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Bouchillon S, Johnson B, Badal R, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Dowzicky M. P744 Changes in United States regional variations in penicillin-resistant rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1999 to 2006. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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234
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Johnson B, Bouchillon S, Hackel M, Badal R, Johnson J, Hoban D, Dowzicky M. P1121 Patterns of susceptibility of Gram-negatives/positives isolated in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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235
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Badal R, Bouchillon S, Johnson B, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Dowzicky M. P2050 Antimicrobial susceptibility of 2,537 bacteraemia causative pathogens: Tigecycline Evaluation Surveillance Trial (TEST) in Europe, 2004–2006. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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236
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Bouchillon S, Hackel M, Johnson B, Johnson J, Hoban D, Badal R, Dowzicky M. P2047 Tigecycline Evaluation Surveillance Trial (T.E.S.T.)–United States in vitro antibacterial activity against selected species of Enterococcus spp. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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237
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Badal R, Bouchillon S, Johnson B, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Dowzicky M. R2165 In vitro activity of tigecycline and commonly-used antimicrobials against clinical isolates collected from 2004 to 2006 in Spain and Portugal. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)72004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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238
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Badal R, Bouchillon S, Johnson B, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Dowzicky M. R2157 Antimicrobial susceptibility of 2,254 isolates from different body sites: Tigecycline Evaluation Surveillance Trial (TEST) in South America, 2004–2006. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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239
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Johnson B, Hackett AF. Trends in fruit, vegetable and salad intakes in 9-10-year-old schoolchildren living in Liverpool, 2000-2005. Public Health Nutr 2007; 10:252-5. [PMID: 17288622 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980007352506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report on the fruit, vegetable and salad intakes of Liverpool schoolchildren aged 9-10 years over a 5-year period (2000-2005). DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Between 75 and 100 Liverpool primary schools took part in each survey year. SUBJECTS Subjects consisted of five separate cohorts of 9-10-year-old children from all areas of the city. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number and proportion of boys and girls who reported eating fruit, vegetables and salad on the previous day. RESULTS There was an upward trend in the reported intake of fruit between 2002 and 2005. Girls were more likely than boys to report eating fruit (P < 0.001). The trend in salad intake was positive. Between 2000 and 2005 there were significant increases in the number of boys (chi2 = 17.57, P = 0.001) and girls (chi2 = 80.56, P = 0.001) eating salad. Girls were significantly more likely to eat salad than boys in all years (chi2 = 58.75, P = 0.001). Trends in vegetable intake were similar to those for salad, with both sexes reporting yearly increases over the 5-year period. The increase in the number of boys who reported eating vegetables between 2000 and 2005 was 23.5% (chi2 = 32.9, P = 0.000). In girls there was a 44.8% increase over the same period (chi2 = 110.3, P < 0.000). CONCLUSIONS The data reveal positive trends in the fruit, vegetable and salad intakes of Liverpool schoolchildren between 2000 and 2005. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific factors that have enabled the changes to take place.
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Badal R, Bouchillon S, Johnson B, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Dowzicky M. P2054 Impact of different FDA and EU breakpoints on bacterial susceptibility patterns-Analysis of data from the T.E.S.T. Program. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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241
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Hoban D, Johnson B, Badal R, Bouchillon S, Hackel M, Johnson J, Dowzicky M. P1684 Tigecycline in vitro activity against often difficult to treat European pathogens. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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242
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Bouchillon S, Hackel M, Johnson J, Badal R, Hoban D, Johnson B, Dowzicky M. P2051 Antibacterial activity of tigecycline against H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae (2004–06) Global Population –T.E.S.T. Program, 2006. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Badal R, Bouchillon S, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Johnson B, Dowzicky M. P2049 In vitro activity of tigecycline against pathogens isolated from cerebrospinalfiuid –T.E.S.T. Program 2006. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Badal R, Bouchillon S, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Johnson B, Dowzicky M. P2053 Evaluation of in vitro activity of tigecycline and ten comparators against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from 34 countries: TEST Program 2004–2006. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Badal R, Johnson J, Hoban D, Johnson B, Bouchillon S, Hackel M, Dowzicky M. P1685 In vitro activity of tigecycline and 10 common therapeutic agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species – Global Data, 2004 – 2006. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bouchillon S, Johnson B, Badal R, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Dowzicky M. P2048 Comparison of in vitro activity of tigecycline against pathogens from intensive care patients in Europe –T.E.S.T. Program 2006. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bouchillon S, Badal R, Hackel M, Johnson J, Hoban D, Johnson B, Dowzicky M. R2163 In vitro activity of tigecycline against common pathogens – Eastern European Data – T.E.S.T. Program 2006. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)72002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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248
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Lissauer E, Johnson B, Shi S, Gentle T, Scalea M. 128. J Surg Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.12.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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249
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Katz A, Davis B, Fogel C, Johnson B, Kellogg-Spadt S, Loe M, Martinez L. Sexuality and women: the experts speak. Nurs Womens Health 2007; 11:36-43. [PMID: 17883815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-486x.2007.00116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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250
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Schuster DI, Houck AA, Schreier JA, Wallraff A, Gambetta JM, Blais A, Frunzio L, Majer J, Johnson B, Devoret MH, Girvin SM, Schoelkopf RJ. Resolving photon number states in a superconducting circuit. Nature 2007; 445:515-8. [PMID: 17268464 DOI: 10.1038/nature05461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic signals are always composed of photons, although in the circuit domain those signals are carried as voltages and currents on wires, and the discreteness of the photon's energy is usually not evident. However, by coupling a superconducting quantum bit (qubit) to signals on a microwave transmission line, it is possible to construct an integrated circuit in which the presence or absence of even a single photon can have a dramatic effect. Such a system can be described by circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED)-the circuit equivalent of cavity QED, where photons interact with atoms or quantum dots. Previously, circuit QED devices were shown to reach the resonant strong coupling regime, where a single qubit could absorb and re-emit a single photon many times. Here we report a circuit QED experiment in the strong dispersive limit, a new regime where a single photon has a large effect on the qubit without ever being absorbed. The hallmark of this strong dispersive regime is that the qubit transition energy can be resolved into a separate spectral line for each photon number state of the microwave field. The strength of each line is a measure of the probability of finding the corresponding photon number in the cavity. This effect is used to distinguish between coherent and thermal fields, and could be used to create a photon statistics analyser. As no photons are absorbed by this process, it should be possible to generate non-classical states of light by measurement and perform qubit-photon conditional logic, the basis of a logic bus for a quantum computer.
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