201
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Devlin M, Cline D, Ibbotson R, Simon MW, Wu CY. Sub-barrier transfer reactions in 58Ni+162Dy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1996; 53:2900-2910. [PMID: 9971277 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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202
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Wu CY, Yeh TW, Li H. Perturbative QCD study of B-->D(*) decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1996; 53:4982-4990. [PMID: 10020495 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.53.4982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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203
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Magram J, Connaughton SE, Warrier RR, Carvajal DM, Wu CY, Ferrante J, Stewart C, Sarmiento U, Faherty DA, Gately MK. IL-12-deficient mice are defective in IFN gamma production and type 1 cytokine responses. Immunity 1996; 4:471-81. [PMID: 8630732 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
IL-12 is a cytokine that can exert regulatory effects on T and NK cells and promote Th1 responses. To delineate further the physiologic role of IL-12 in immunity, mice deficient for this cytokine were generated. IL-12-deficient mice were impaired but not completely lacking in the ability to produce IFN gamma following endotoxin administration and to mount a Th1 response in vivo, as measured by antigen-induced IFN gamma secretion by immune lymph node cells in vitro. In contrast, secretion of IL-4 was enhanced, while proliferation and secretion of IL-2 and IL-10 were normal following antigen stimulation. DTH responses were significantly reduced in IL-12-deficient mice, but no defect in allogeneic CTL responses was observed. These results indicate that IL-12 plays an essential role in regulating IFN gamma production and in facilitating normal DTH responses. However, other phenomena associated with Th1 responses and cell-mediated immunity, i.e., IL-2 secretion and CTL generation, were not compromised in the absence of IL-12.
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Sohel I, Puente JL, Ramer SW, Bieber D, Wu CY, Schoolnik GK. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: identification of a gene cluster coding for bundle-forming pilus morphogenesis. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:2613-28. [PMID: 8626330 PMCID: PMC177987 DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.9.2613-2628.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence flanking the bfpA locus on the enteroadherent factor plasmid of the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strain B171-8 (O111:NM) was obtained to identify genes that might be required for bundle-forming pilus (BFP) biosynthesis. Deletion experiments led to the identification of a contiguous cluster of at least 12 open reading frames, including bfpA, that could direct the synthesis of a morphologically normal BFP filament. Within the bfp gene cluster, we identified open reading frames that share homology with other type IV pilus accessory genes and with genes required for transformation competence and protein secretion. Immediately upstream of the bfp gene cluster, we identified a potential replication origin including genes that are predicted to encode proteins homologous with replicase and resolvase. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of DNA from six additional EPEC serotypes showed that the organization of the bfp gene cluster and its juxtaposition with a potential plasmid origin of replication are highly conserved features of the EPEC biotype.
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Yen MT, Wu CY, Higginbotham EJ. Importance of increasing public awareness regarding glaucoma. ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1996; 114:635. [PMID: 8619787 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130627036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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206
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Sun BQ, Lu P, Wu CY. [Method of ligation of umbilical cord with valves of rubber tubing]. ZHONGHUA HU LI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF NURSING 1996; 31:203-4. [PMID: 8826210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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207
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Cheng HY, Liu HH, Wu CY. Polarized parton distribution functions reexamined. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1996; 53:2380-2389. [PMID: 10020235 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.53.2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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208
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Kumar TK, Yang PW, Lin SH, Wu CY, Lei B, Lo SJ, Tu SC, Yu C. Cloning, direct expression, and purification of a snake venom cardiotoxin in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 219:450-6. [PMID: 8605008 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The cardiotoxin analogue III (CTX III), isolated from the Taiwan cobra (Naja naja atra) venom, is a sixty-amino acid, all beta-sheet protein. We report the direct expression of CTX III from its synthetic gene as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. The yield of the expressed protein is about 40 mg/liter of the culture. CTX III trapped as inclusion bodies is dissolved and refolded by the slow refolding technique. The refolded protein is purified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The purified and refolded CTX III sample is further characterized by SDS-PAGE, circular dichroism, two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and haemolytic activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the direct expression and purification of snake venom cardiotoxins.
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209
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Wu CY, Warrier RR, Carvajal DM, Chua AO, Minetti LJ, Chizzonite R, Mongini PK, Stern AS, Gubler U, Presky DH, Gately MK. Biological function and distribution of human interleukin-12 receptor beta chain. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26:345-50. [PMID: 8617302 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830260212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We previously described the cloning of a cDNA encoding an interleukin-12 receptor (IL-12R) subunit, designated beta, that bound IL-12 with low affinity when expressed in COS cells. We now report that a pair of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), 2B10 and 2.4E6, directed against different epitopes on the IL-12R beta chain, when used in combination, strongly inhibited IL-12-induced proliferation of activated T cells, IL-12-induced secretion of interferon-gamma by resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and IL-12-mediated lymphokine-activated killer cell activation. The mAb had no effect on lymphoblast proliferation induced by IL-2, -4, or -7. Thus, the IL-12R beta chain appears to be an essential component of the functional IL-12R on both T and natural killer (NK) cells. We previously observed that high affinity IL-12R were expressed on activated T and NK cells, but not B cells. Studies using flow cytometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that IL-12R beta chain was expressed on several human T, NK, and (surprisingly) B cell lines, but not on non-lymphohematopoietic cell lines. The Kit225/K6 (T cell) and SKW6.4 (B cell) lines were found to express the greatest amounts of IL-12R beta chain (800-2500 sites/cell); however, Kit225/K6 but not SKW6.4 cells bound IL-12. Similar to SKW6.4 B cells, activated tonsillar B lymphocytes expressed IL-12R beta chain but, consistent with previous results, did not display detectable IL-12 binding. Likewise, up to 72% of resting PBMC from normal volunteer donors expressed IL-12R beta, but did not bind measurable amounts of IL-12. These results indicate that expression of IL-12R beta is essential, but not sufficient, for expression of functional IL-12R. We speculate that expression of functional, high-affinity IL-12R may require the presence of a second subunit that is more restricted in its expression than IL-12R beta.
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Bor JC, Wu CY. Analog electronic cochlea design using multiplexing switched-capacitor circuits. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS 1996; 7:155-66. [PMID: 18255566 DOI: 10.1109/72.478400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new design methodology is proposed to realize a real cochlea using the multiplexing switched-capacitor circuits. The proposed technique is based upon the transmission-line model proposed by Zwislocki (1950). At the cost of the increase in the number of clock phases, the decay rate in the transition region of the filter section can be increased by adding only a few components. Therefore, the components and chip area of the designed silicon cochlea can be small. An experimental chip containing four filter sections has been designed and fabricated. The measured frequency responses from the 32-section cochlea formed by cascading nine fabricated chips are consistent with both theoretical calculation results and observed behavior of a real cochlea. Moreover, the designed silicon cochlea has the dynamic range of 67 dB in each section and a low sensitivity to process variations. Thus it is suitable for VLSI implementation with the associated neural network.
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211
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Wu CY, Jian WB, Lin JJ. Phonon-induced electron-electron interaction in disordered superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:15479-15484. [PMID: 9980905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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212
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Wu CY, Benet LZ, Hebert MF, Gupta SK, Rowland M, Gomez DY, Wacher VJ. Differentiation of absorption and first-pass gut and hepatic metabolism in humans: studies with cyclosporine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 58:492-7. [PMID: 7586942 DOI: 10.1016/0009-9236(95)90168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The low and variable bioavailability of cyclosporine has been attributed to poor absorption. However, recent studies have suggested that intestinal first-pass metabolism exerts a significant effect on bioavailability. We describe theory and methods to differentiate the contribution from oral absorption and intestinal and hepatic metabolism to overall cyclosporine bioavailability. Analysis of data from previous studies in our laboratories shows that in the absence of intestinal metabolism, cyclosporine absorption from its presently available dosage form averages at least 65% +/- 12% in healthy volunteers and 77% +/- 19% in kidney transplant patients. Analysis also suggests that the extraction ratio for cyclosporine in the gut is approximately twice the hepatic extraction and that cyclosporine absorption does not present a problem, with an average of 86% of the drug absorbed intact from its commercially available product in healthy volunteers. The boundary condition analysis described should have broad application in the differentiation of factors responsible for poor bioavailability.
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213
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Chen LC, Wu CY, Chen CF, Chiang CF. Purification of chlorpromazine-sensitive GTPase from rat cerebral cortex. PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 25:183-95. [PMID: 8570568 DOI: 10.1080/10826069508010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The chlorpromazine-sensitive GTPase from the cell membrane of rat cerebral cortex was purified to homogenity by using DEAE Bio-Gel A agarose, hydroxyapatite and heparin agarose chromatography. The purified chlorpromazine-sensitive GTPase was purified 370-fold to obtain a final specific activity of 40 mumol GTP hydrolyzed2min/mg protein. The purified enzyme was inhibited by chlorpromazine but not by compound 48/80. Magnesium was required for its activity instead of calcium. The purified enzyme had an apparent pH optimum of 8.0, and molecular weight was estimated to be 58,000.
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Abstract
Cardiac surgery patients are currently being discharged from hospitals earlier than ever before. Problems experienced by these patients after discharge are less well documented in the literature than are predischarge problems. Understanding the nature of patients' concerns about their recovery at home can help clinicians plan interventions to alleviate those concerns. This study documents the nature of patients' concerns after discharge home. Data were collected over a 3-year period using a 24-hour telephone contact system. Of 356 coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients discharged, 196 made 392 telephone calls regarding 445 concerns. These concerns were recorded systematically and analyzed for patterns of commonality. Patients' primary concerns were related to leg incision healing, pain, leg swelling, and medications. Recommendations for discharge planning are discussed.
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215
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Cresswell AJ, Butler PA, Cline D, Cunningham RA, Devlin M, Hannachi F, Ibbotson R, Jones GD, Jones PM, Simon M, Simpson J, Smith JF, Wu CY. Population of collective bands in Dy isotopes using heavy ion induced transfer reactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1995; 52:1934-1939. [PMID: 9970707 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.52.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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216
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Delespesse G, Wu CY, Shu U, Byun DG. Influence of IL12 on the maturation of human naive T cells. RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 1995; 146:461-6. [PMID: 8839146 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2494(96)83016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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217
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Wu CY, Huang SC. Multiple sclerosis in children: report of two cases. CHANGGENG YI XUE ZA ZHI 1995; 18:285-91. [PMID: 8521342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a disease of white matter in the central nervous system characterized by clinically relapsing and remitting course. It is rare in children and the mean age of onset is about 30 years. To establish diagnosis, one must note that white matter lesions are disseminated in time and place. We report two female patients with recurrent episodes of headaches, seizures, hemiparesis, and optic neuritis since childhood. Four of the five CT scans done during the relapse attacks in these two patients showed negative findings. The only one abnormal finding was decreased density in the white matter over the right frontoparietal area. MRI showed multiple focal patches of high signal intensity in white matter on T2-weighted image in Case 1, and increased signal intensity on the right paraventricular region on T2-weighted image in Case 2. Now, MRI is the neuroimaging test of choice, and makes early diagnosis possible. It is useful in assessing the extent of multiple sclerosis and in monitoring the clinical course.
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Wacher VJ, Wu CY, Benet LZ. Overlapping substrate specificities and tissue distribution of cytochrome P450 3A and P-glycoprotein: implications for drug delivery and activity in cancer chemotherapy. Mol Carcinog 1995; 13:129-34. [PMID: 7619215 DOI: 10.1002/mc.2940130302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 610] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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219
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Duboeuf F, Jergas M, Schott AM, Wu CY, Glüer CC, Genant HK. A comparison of bone densitometry measurements of the central skeleton in post-menopausal women with and without vertebral fracture. Br J Radiol 1995; 68:747-53. [PMID: 7640931 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-68-811-747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to compare the ability of two different bone densitometry techniques (quantitative computed tomography and dual X-ray absorptiometry) to discriminate subjects without any vertebral fracture from those with definite vertebral fractures. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined in 112 post-menopausal women. 83 women were classified free of vertebral fracture and 29 were considered to have definite vertebral fractures. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was performed using three different spinal regions of interest. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was measured at the spine (both in posteroanterior (PA) and lateral (L-DXA) projection, and at hip (total, neck and Ward regions). An additional estimated volumetric BMD was derived from the PA and L-DXA spine scans. Individuals with definite vertebral fractures had lower bone mineral density for each of the methods and regions of interest (ROI). Spinal QCT results, total and Ward hip DXA results showed the greatest percentage decrement. Odds ratio estimates revealed a significant relationship between BMD and fracture with spinal QCT, hip, and volumetric spinal DXA. The greatest areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were found with results of spinal QCT, total and Ward hip DXA, and volumetric spinal DXA measurements. It is concluded that spinal QCT and femoral total DXA measurement may be preferred to PA and lateral L3 DXA measurements.
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Hsiao M, Wu CY, Low J, Pattengale P, Yeargin J, Haas M. Dissemination and tissue invasiveness in murine acute leukemia associated with acquisition of p53 mutation and loss of wild-type p53. Mol Carcinog 1995; 13:112-21. [PMID: 7605579 DOI: 10.1002/mc.2940130208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 60% of mice treated with split-dose radiation develop leukemias that disseminate widely through the body, whereas 40% of the treated mice incur leukemias that are contained entirely within the thymus. We studied the status of p53 in non-cultured samples of thymic leukemias and in cell lines established from these leukemias. In those mice with disseminated disease, primary samples were also obtained from visceral leukemic organs, and cell lines were established from these leukemic organs for further study. Using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), nucleic acid sequencing, and immunochemical analysis, we found that mutation of both p53 alleles occurred in leukemic cell lines developed from nine of 10 disseminated leukemias; mutation of one p53 allele with the other remaining wild-type occurred in one disseminated leukemia. A p53 mutation unique for each mouse was found in all cell lines established from the different leukemic organs of each mouse. The same mutation was also found in the non-cultured leukemic tissues of each mouse, indicating that the mutations originated in vivo and were clonal. Seven of seven non-disseminating thymomas possessed wild-type p53 only. Hence, in vivo dissemination and tissue invasiveness were associated with the loss of wild-type p53 by mutation of both alleles or by mutation and loss of heterozygosity, as revealed by studies of cell lines established from them. The selective in vivo dissemination of leukemia cells possessing p53 mutations had a parallel in vitro. Leukemia cell lines from mice harboring disseminating leukemia were established more readily (success rate greater than 80%) than lines from mice harboring thymic nondisseminating leukemia (success rate less than 10%). Additionally, while mice with disseminating leukemia harbored a mixture of wild-type and mutant p53-encoding thymoma cells, only cell lines possessing mutant p53 became established in culture. Mutations found in thymoma cell lines were always detectable by SSCP and sequencing of DNA extracted from non-cultured thymoma tissue. However, in non-cultured leukemic tissue of visceral organs, the clonal p53 mutations found in cell lines established from them were often not detectable by SSCP or sequencing but were detectable by immunochemical analysis or polymerase chain reaction amplification. This indicates an unexpected degree of masking of mutant genes by wild-type genes present in the leukemic tissue. Masking was evident even in leukemic organs that were grossly larger than normal organs. Hence, routine screening of leukemic tissue by SSCP and sequencing may result in a highly significant underestimation of the incidence of p53 mutations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Division/physiology
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Deletion
- Genes, p53/genetics
- Genes, p53/radiation effects
- Heterozygote
- Immunohistochemistry
- Leukemia, Radiation-Induced/etiology
- Leukemia, Radiation-Induced/genetics
- Leukemia, Radiation-Induced/pathology
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
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Wu CY, Tang JL, Chen YC, Tien HF, Lin MT, Yao M, Liu HM. Detection of dural involvement by magnetic resonance imaging in adult patients with acute leukemias--preliminary experience. Ann Hematol 1995; 70:243-9. [PMID: 7599286 DOI: 10.1007/bf01784043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Retrospectively, the dura in 18 adult patients with acute leukemia were evaluated by gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Abnormal dural enhancements were detected in three of four patients with positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, in one of five with suspicious central nervous system (CNS) disease, and in two of nine asymptomatic patients. Computed tomography failed to demonstrate any dural abnormality in these six patients. The abnormal dural enhancement was found in either (a) the brain and the spine, (b) the thoracolumbar spine, or (c) the area adjacent to the parenchymal lesions. Three of the patients were in hematological remission stage; disappearance of the abnormal dural enhancement was observed 1-2 months after radiotherapy and high-dose systemic chemotherapy. The results suggest that MRI is a sensitive and noninvasive imaging modality and superior to CT in detecting dural disease in leukemic patients.
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Wu CY, Wang PY, Shen WC. Angiographic findings in Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: a case report. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL; FREE CHINA ED 1995; 55:405-7. [PMID: 7641128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A 71-year-old man suffered from left-side throbbing headache over the region of the fifth cranial nerve first division, followed by left ptosis and ophthalmoplegia. Under tentative diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS), oral prednisolone 60 mg was given daily. His headache and ophthalmoplegia dramatically improved within 24 hours. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) of the head were negative. However, irregularity in the siphon of the left internal carotid artery was disclosed by angiography. This case illustrates that angiography may be useful in diagnosing THS, when CT and MR imaging are negative.
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Hu OY, Wu CY, Chan WK, Wu FY. Determination of anticancer drug vitamin K3 in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 666:299-305. [PMID: 7633606 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00572-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic vitamin K3 (VK3, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, or menadione) has been found to exhibit antitumor activity against various human cancer cells at relative high dose. Parallel to our study on the mechanism of VK3 action and for future clinical trials in Taiwan, we developed a simple, sensitive and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of VK3 in biological fluids. VK3 was extracted from the plasma samples with n-hexane. The chromatographic separation employed an ODS analytical column (5 microns, 250 x 4.6 mm I.D.) with a mobile phase of methanol-water (70:30, v/v) and UV detection at 265 nm. On completely drying of the extraction solution, n-hexane, by a stream of nitrogen, menadione was lost to a great extent. Methanol (70%, 200 microliters) was added to the extraction solvent after extraction and centrifugation to prevent the loss of menadione. The absolute recovery was 82.4 +/- 7.69% (n = 7). The within-day and between-day calibration curves of VK3 in plasma in the ranges of interest (0.01-10.00 micrograms/ml; 0.01-5.00 micrograms/ml) showed good linearity (r > 0.999) and acceptable precision. The limit of quantitation of VK3 was 10 ng/ml in plasma. This method has been successfully applied to a pilot pharmacokinetic study of VK3 in rabbits receiving an intravenous high-dose bolus injection of 75 mg menadiol sodium diphosphate (Synkayvite). The pharmacokinetic properties of menadione could be described adequately by an open two-compartment model. The mean half-life of menadiol (transformation to menadione) was 2.60 +/- 0.12 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Shu U, Kiniwa M, Wu CY, Maliszewski C, Vezzio N, Hakimi J, Gately M, Delespesse G. Activated T cells induce interleukin-12 production by monocytes via CD40-CD40 ligand interaction. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25:1125-8. [PMID: 7537673 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830250442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) have shown that it is released, together with other proinflammatory cytokines, shortly after exposure of phagocytic cells to a variety of pathogens. We here report that IL-12 is also released during the recall response to soluble antigen (Ag) devoid of intrinsic adjuvant activity. We show that activated T cells induce the production of IL-12 by monocytes via a mechanism involving the interaction of T cell-associated CD40 ligand with CD40 on monocytes. The data suggest that Ag presentation on monocytes favors the persistence of type 1 responses.
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225
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Cresswell AJ, Devlin M, Butler PA, Cline D, Helmer KG, Ibbotson R, Jones GD, Stoyer MA, Rasmussen JO, Wu CY. Prompt and isomeric fission of Pu isotopes following heavy-ion induced transfer reactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1995; 51:1025-1028. [PMID: 9970146 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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226
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Yu W, Glüer CC, Grampp S, Jergas M, Fuerst T, Wu CY, Lu Y, Fan B, Genant HK. Spinal bone mineral assessment in postmenopausal women: a comparison between dual X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography. Osteoporos Int 1995; 5:433-9. [PMID: 8695964 DOI: 10.1007/bf01626604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We compared quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with respect to their ability to discriminate subjects with and without prevalent vertebral fractures. In 240 post-menopausal women (mean age 63.7 +/- 6.9 years) lateral spine radiographs (T4-L4) were reviewed for the presence of vertebral fracture. Using a semiquantitative technique to grade the severity of vertebral deformities, we classified fractures as mild, moderate or severe (grade 1 to 3, respectively). Postero-anterior DXA (PA-DXA) and lateral DXA (L-DXA) measurements (L2-4) as well as QCT measurements of the lumbar spine (T12-L3 or L1-14) were obtained in all women. Seventy-two women were diagnosed with at least one fracture, and of these 40 were graded as mild. Comparing normal women with fractured women, we found the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves to be greatest for QCT (0.81), followed by L-DXA (0.72) and PA-DXA (0.65). The differences among all three techniques were significant. Comparing the normal women with women having only mild fractures, the areas under the ROC curves were 0.79, 0.73 and 0.63 for QCT, L-DXA and PA-DXA, respectively. Significant differences existed between QCT and PA-DXA as well as between L-DXA and PA-DXA. Logistic regression analysis also revealed the highest age-adjusted odds ratios for QCT (3.67; 2.25-5.97) while L-DXA and PA-DXA showed substantially lower odds ratios (2.00; 1.39-2.87, and 1.54; 1.11-2.15, respectively). We conclude that low bone density as measured by QCT, PA-DXA or L-DXA is significantly associated with the prevalence of vertebral fractures. Of the methods studied, QCT of trabecular bone offered the best discriminatory capability. L-DXA proved to be superior to PA-DXA in its diagnostic sensitivity, particularly in women with mild fracture. Mild vertebral fractures are associated with decreased spinal bone density and may be regarded as osteoporotic deformities.
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Wu CY, Cline D, Devlin M, Helmer KG, Ibbotson RW, Simon MW, Butler PA, Cresswell AJ, Jones GD, Jones PM, Smith JF, Cunningham RA, Simpson J. Excitation-energy partition in quasielastic transfer reactions at near barrier energies. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1995; 51:173-177. [PMID: 9970052 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Wu CY, Glüer CC, Jergas M, Bendavid E, Genant HK. The impact of bone size on broadband ultrasound attenuation. Bone 1995; 16:137-41. [PMID: 7742072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a simple, inexpensive and radiation-free technique to study skeletal status in osteoporosis. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) is typically used without normalizing for bone thickness. We investigated the impact of bone thickness on BUA, both in in vitro and in vivo, using commercially available ultrasound scanners (Walker Sonix UBA 575 and 575+). For the study in vitro, we analyzed 12 paired cubes (12 x 12 x 12 mm3) of bovine trabecular bone cut from six "parent" blocks (24 x 12 x 12 mm3). These "parent" blocks showed a fairly homogeneous structure as assessed by conventional radiography. BUA and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) were obtained. The difference between the paired cubes was significant for BUA (p < 0.001), but not for BMD (p > 0.05). The BUA of the "parent" blocks was larger by 32-92% than the average BUA of the corresponding paired cubes, and always less than the sum of the paired cubes (5-34%). BUA thus added up in a complex and nonlinear fashion. Measurements in vivo of the calcaneal bone width demonstrated on radiographs (study in vivo I, 28 postmenopausal women) and CT images (study in vivo II, 17 women) showed a small, positive but not significant correlation with BUA (r2 = 0.13 and r2 = 0.007, p > 0.05). The magnitude of this effect provides further evidence that BUA does not scale linearly with bone size. Our results indicate that simple normalization of BUA data by specifying the results in decibels per megahertz per millimeter units may not be appropriate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Wu CY, Li J, Jergas M, Genant HK. Comparison of semiquantitative and quantitative techniques for the assessment of prevalent and incident vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int 1995; 5:354-70. [PMID: 8800786 DOI: 10.1007/bf01622258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To compare visual semiquantitative (SQ) reading and quantitative morphometry (QM) for assessing prevalent and incident vertebral fractures, radiographs of the thoracolumbar spine were evaluated in 400 (only baseline films) and 335 (baseline and follow-up films) postmenopausal women with osteopenia as defined by a T-score of less than 2 SD below young normals. QM was performed using different cutoff thresholds, and the SQ reading was performed by three radiologists independently. A joint consensus reading of the radiographs by all participating radiologists was used as a reference standard. Our results indicate that the concordance within SQ methods is excellent, and it is higher than that between SQ and QM regardless of the cutoff criteria used. This finding was consistent for the diagnosis of prevalent as well as incident vertebral fractures. For prevalent fractures the use of the 2.5 SD cutoff criterion provided the highest concordance with the consensus reading and with the radiologists' reading, thereby providing high sensitivity (70.23%) with moderate specificity (98.76%) relative to the consensus reading when compared with the 3 SD or 4 SD cutoff criteria. For the diagnosis of incident vertebral fractures the best agreement between our consensus reading and QM was found for an absolute reduction of 6 mm and for a combination of relative and absolute reduction of 15% and 3 mm in vertebral height. The respective sensitivities and specificities for the two criteria were 51%/99.9% and 75.4%/98.9%, respectively. Even though the consensus reading may favor the reader's evaluation over QM, the assessment of prevalent and incident fractures using QM alone may not be sufficiently reliable for detection of vertebral fractures in epidemiological studies and clinical trials. It should be performed principally in conjunction with a trained radiologist or a highly experienced clinician.
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Wu CY, Trombly CA, Lin KC. The relationship between occupational form and occupational performance: a kinematic perspective. Am J Occup Ther 1994; 48:679-87; discussion 688. [PMID: 7943156 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.48.8.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined, through kinematic analysis, the effect of occupational form on reaching performance. The hypothesis was that reaching performance would show an enhanced quality of movement in materials-based occupation (i.e., pick up a pencil and prepare to write one's own name) than in imagery-based occupation (i.e., pretend to pick up a pencil and prepare to sign one's own name) and in exercise (i.e., move the arm forward). It was further hypothesized that imagery-based occupation would elicit better performance than exercise. METHOD The reaching performance was measured, using WATSMART (Waterloo Spatial Motion Analysis & Recording Technique), by the variables including reaction time, movement time, number of movement units, total displacement, the amplitude of peak velocity, and percentage of reach in which peak velocity occurred. A repeated-measures counterbalanced research design was used with 37 female college students. Contrast analysis was used to test the hypotheses. RESULTS Materials-based occupation elicited enhanced quality of movement performance, as compared with imagery-based occupation and exercise. However, exercise seemed to elicit better performance than imagery-based occupation. CONCLUSION The practical implication is that materials-based occupation might be used to elicit enhanced quality of reaching movement in occupational therapy intervention.
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Wu CY, Lin JJ. Weak-localization and Maki-Thompson superconducting fluctuation effects in crystalline disordered Ti-Al-(Sn,Co) alloys at T>Tc. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:385-394. [PMID: 9974555 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Glüer CC, Wu CY, Jergas M, Goldstein SA, Genant HK. Three quantitative ultrasound parameters reflect bone structure. Calcif Tissue Int 1994; 55:46-52. [PMID: 7922789 DOI: 10.1007/bf00310168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters are associated with bone structure. In an in vitro study on 20 cubes of trabecular bone, we measured broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and two newly defined parameters--ultrasound velocity through bone (UVB) and ultrasound attenuation in bone (UAB). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone structure was assessed by microcomputed tomography (microCT) with approximately 80 microns spatial resolution. We found all three QUS parameters to be significantly associated with bone structure independently of BMD. UVB was largely influenced by trabecular separation, UAB by connectivity, and BUA by a combination of both. For a one standard deviation (SD) increase in UVB, a decrease in trabecular separation of 1.2 SD was required compared with a 1.4 SD increase in BMD for the same effect. A 1.0 SD increase in UAB required a reduction in connectivity of 1.4 SD. Multivariate models of QUS versus BMD combined with bone structure parameters showed squared correlation coefficients of r2 = 0.70-0.85 for UVB, r2 = 0.27-0.56 for UAB, and r2 = 0.30-0.68 for BUA compared with r2 = 0.18-0.58 for UVB, r2 < 0.26 for UAB and r2 < 0.13 for BUA for models including BMD alone. QUS thus reflects bone structure, and a combined analysis of QUS and BMD will allow for a more comprehensive assessment of skeletal status than either method alone.
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Chang YC, Li YW, Liu HM, Wang TC, Wang JK, Wu MH, Wu CY, Su CT, Tsang YM, Hsu JC. Findings of anomalous pulmonary venous return using MRI. J Formos Med Assoc 1994; 93:462-8. [PMID: 7858433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study represents a preliminary retrospective assessment of the value of spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting and describing total or partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (APVR). MRI was performed in 21 cases of APVR; orthogonal planes were used in all. Of the 21 cases, 19 were classified as total APVR (TAPVR) and two were partial APVR (PAPVR). Of the 19 cases of TAPVR, seven supracardiac, nine cardiac, one infracardiac and two mixed type were noted. The detection rate of each pulmonary vein combined in all three planes was 57% in the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV), 62% in the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), 76% in the right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV), and 86% in the left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV). The axial plane was most effective (RSPV: 38%; LSPV: 52%; RIPV: 71%; LIPV: 81%). The coronal plane offered a better detection rate than the axial plane in RSPV (43%) and additional information of bronchial and visceral situs. Imaging of the combined axial and coronal planes was sufficient to evaluate each individual pulmonary vein. The sagittal plane gave no additional information in this respect. Accurate identification of pulmonary venous confluence and anomalous pulmonary venous channel was 95% (20/21). Limitation of echocardiography and and angiocardiography makes cardiac MRI important in assessing pulmonary vein and pulmonary venous confluence. It obviates the need for invasive angiocardiography and is an important supplement to an inadequate echo.
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Demeure CE, Wu CY, Shu U, Schneider PV, Heusser C, Yssel H, Delespesse G. In vitro maturation of human neonatal CD4 T lymphocytes. II. Cytokines present at priming modulate the development of lymphokine production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.152.10.4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The development of naive CD4 T cells into type 1 or type 2 Th cells has been extensively analyzed in the mouse. Using neonatal CD4 T lymphocytes as a source of human naive cells, we report that these cells may be induced to differentiate into effector cells producing predominantly Th1 or Th2 cytokines. After 3 days of stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb immobilized on CD32 transfected mouse fibroblasts, followed by 3 days of culture in the presence of IL-2, neonatal cells acquire the phenotypic and functional characteristics of effector cells. Primed cells are enriched in CD45R0hi and CD31- cells, and upon stimulation with PMA+ ionomycin they release significant amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. Addition of exogenous cytokines during the period of activation with anti-CD3 markedly alters the profile of cytokine production by primed cells: 1) IL-2 uniformly enhances Th1 and Th2 cytokine production; 2) IL-4 markedly enhances the release of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 and suppresses that of IFN-gamma; 3) IFN-gamma strongly inhibits IL-4 and IL-5 production but slightly enhances IFN-gamma release; 4) IFN-alpha markedly inhibits IL-4 and IL-5 production and increases the production of both IFN-gamma and of IL-10; 5) TGF-beta suppresses IL-4 and IL-5 (and to a lesser extent IL-2) production but has inconsistent effect on IL-10 and IFN-gamma production. These effects of exogenous cytokines are not associated with an alteration of CD31 expression on primed cells.
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Demeure CE, Wu CY, Shu U, Schneider PV, Heusser C, Yssel H, Delespesse G. In vitro maturation of human neonatal CD4 T lymphocytes. II. Cytokines present at priming modulate the development of lymphokine production. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1994; 152:4775-82. [PMID: 7909823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of naive CD4 T cells into type 1 or type 2 Th cells has been extensively analyzed in the mouse. Using neonatal CD4 T lymphocytes as a source of human naive cells, we report that these cells may be induced to differentiate into effector cells producing predominantly Th1 or Th2 cytokines. After 3 days of stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb immobilized on CD32 transfected mouse fibroblasts, followed by 3 days of culture in the presence of IL-2, neonatal cells acquire the phenotypic and functional characteristics of effector cells. Primed cells are enriched in CD45R0hi and CD31- cells, and upon stimulation with PMA+ ionomycin they release significant amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. Addition of exogenous cytokines during the period of activation with anti-CD3 markedly alters the profile of cytokine production by primed cells: 1) IL-2 uniformly enhances Th1 and Th2 cytokine production; 2) IL-4 markedly enhances the release of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 and suppresses that of IFN-gamma; 3) IFN-gamma strongly inhibits IL-4 and IL-5 production but slightly enhances IFN-gamma release; 4) IFN-alpha markedly inhibits IL-4 and IL-5 production and increases the production of both IFN-gamma and of IL-10; 5) TGF-beta suppresses IL-4 and IL-5 (and to a lesser extent IL-2) production but has inconsistent effect on IL-10 and IFN-gamma production. These effects of exogenous cytokines are not associated with an alteration of CD31 expression on primed cells.
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Wu CY, Chen CF, Chiang CF. Purification of phospholipase C from rat cerebral cortex. PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 24:99-111. [PMID: 8072959 DOI: 10.1080/10826069408010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C from rat cerebral cortex was purified to homogeneity by use of DEAE Bio-Gel A agarose, hydroxyapatite, and heparin agarose chromatography. The purified phospholipase C (PLC) was purified 622.4-fold and its molecular weight is estimated to be 97,500. We obtained a final specific activity of 3.112 mumol of phosphatidylinositol hydrolyzed/min/mg of protein. It is specific for inositol phospholipids. The purified enzyme has an apparent optimum pH 7.0. Calcium is required for its activity. Western blotting analysis showed that two proteins were recognized by anti-PLC antiserum.
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Wu CY, Blaszczak LC, Smith MC, Skatrud PL. Construction of a modified penicillin-binding protein 2a from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and purification by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. J Bacteriol 1994; 176:1539-41. [PMID: 8113200 PMCID: PMC205227 DOI: 10.1128/jb.176.5.1539-1541.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The mecA-27r gene, which encodes PBP2a-27r, was modified by site-specific mutagenesis, resulting in replacement of the N-terminal membrane anchor with a short chelating peptide (CP-PBP2a-27r). CP-PBP2a-27r retained the same binding affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics as the wild-type enzyme. Approximately 95% pure CP-PBP2a-27r was recovered in a single step by use of chelating-peptide-immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography.
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Wu CY, Demeure CE, Gately M, Podlaski F, Yssel H, Kiniwa M, Delespesse G. In vitro maturation of human neonatal CD4 T lymphocytes. I. Induction of IL-4-producing cells after long-term culture in the presence of IL-4 plus either IL-2 or IL-12. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.152.3.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent studies in the mouse have established that IL-4 and IL-12 direct the development of Ag-stimulated naive CD4 T cells into, respectively, type 2 and type 1 Th cells. We report that prolonged exposure of immunologically naive and unstimulated human neonatal CD4 T cells to IL-4 or to IL-4 plus either IL-2 or IL-12 markedly affects their cytokine production on primary stimulation with PMA and ionomycin. IL-4 induces long-term proliferation of neonatal T cells and after 3 wk of culture these are capable of producing high levels of Th1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) but no Th2 (IL-4, IL-5) cytokines; IL-4-primed cells are homogenously CD45RO-/RA+ and CD31+. After culture in the presence of IL-4 + IL-2 or IL-4 + IL-12, neonatal T cells are enriched in CD45RO+ and CD31- cells and they can produce Th2 as well as Th1 cytokines. In response to primary stimulation with PMA and ionomycin, cells primed with IL-4 + IL-2 produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 and the same levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma as IL-4-primed cells. Cells primed with IL-4 + IL-12 produce very high levels of both IL-4 and IFN-gamma but no IL-5. Endogenous IFN-gamma that is detected in primary cultures containing IL-4 + IL-12 does not inhibit, but rather enhances, the ability of the cells to produce IL-4. Further analysis of IL-4 + IL-12-primed cells reveals that IL-4 is mainly produced by CD31- cells and that these cells can trigger B cells to synthesize Ig including IgE. Finally, positively selected CD31+ cells remain CD31+ and are poor IL-4 producers after 3 wk of culture with IL-4 + IL-12, suggesting that these two cytokines promote the selective expansion of the small number of CD31- cells that are present in freshly isolated neonatal CD4 T cells.
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Wu CY, Demeure CE, Gately M, Podlaski F, Yssel H, Kiniwa M, Delespesse G. In vitro maturation of human neonatal CD4 T lymphocytes. I. Induction of IL-4-producing cells after long-term culture in the presence of IL-4 plus either IL-2 or IL-12. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1994; 152:1141-53. [PMID: 7905497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies in the mouse have established that IL-4 and IL-12 direct the development of Ag-stimulated naive CD4 T cells into, respectively, type 2 and type 1 Th cells. We report that prolonged exposure of immunologically naive and unstimulated human neonatal CD4 T cells to IL-4 or to IL-4 plus either IL-2 or IL-12 markedly affects their cytokine production on primary stimulation with PMA and ionomycin. IL-4 induces long-term proliferation of neonatal T cells and after 3 wk of culture these are capable of producing high levels of Th1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) but no Th2 (IL-4, IL-5) cytokines; IL-4-primed cells are homogenously CD45RO-/RA+ and CD31+. After culture in the presence of IL-4 + IL-2 or IL-4 + IL-12, neonatal T cells are enriched in CD45RO+ and CD31- cells and they can produce Th2 as well as Th1 cytokines. In response to primary stimulation with PMA and ionomycin, cells primed with IL-4 + IL-2 produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 and the same levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma as IL-4-primed cells. Cells primed with IL-4 + IL-12 produce very high levels of both IL-4 and IFN-gamma but no IL-5. Endogenous IFN-gamma that is detected in primary cultures containing IL-4 + IL-12 does not inhibit, but rather enhances, the ability of the cells to produce IL-4. Further analysis of IL-4 + IL-12-primed cells reveals that IL-4 is mainly produced by CD31- cells and that these cells can trigger B cells to synthesize Ig including IgE. Finally, positively selected CD31+ cells remain CD31+ and are poor IL-4 producers after 3 wk of culture with IL-4 + IL-12, suggesting that these two cytokines promote the selective expansion of the small number of CD31- cells that are present in freshly isolated neonatal CD4 T cells.
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Wu CY, Alborn WE, Flokowitsch JE, Hoskins J, Unal S, Blaszczak LC, Preston DA, Skatrud PL. Site-directed mutagenesis of the mecA gene from a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol 1994; 176:443-9. [PMID: 8288540 PMCID: PMC205068 DOI: 10.1128/jb.176.2.443-449.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mecA-27r gene from Staphylococcus aureus 27r encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a-27r), which causes this strain to be methicillin resistant. Removal or replacement of the N-terminal transmembrane domain had no effect on binding of penicillin, but removal of portions of the putative transglycosylase domain (144, 245, or 341 amino acids after the transmembrane region) destroyed penicillin-binding activity. The SXXK, SXN, and KSG motifs, present in all penicillin-interacting enzymes, were found in the expected linear spatial arrangement within the putative transpeptidase region of PBP2a-27r. Alterations of amino acids in all three of these motifs resulted in elimination of penicillin-binding activity, confirming their roles in the interaction with penicillin.
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Wu CY, Zhou MD, Bao XF, Zhang QL, Sun W, Li FZ, Zhao JJ. The combined method of transplantation of foetal substantia nigra and stereotactic thalamotomy for Parkinson's disease. Br J Neurosurg 1994; 8:709-16. [PMID: 7718168 DOI: 10.3109/02688699409101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Five cases with late Parkinson's disease improved following treatment with a combination of foetal substantia nigra grafts and stereotactic thalamotomy. The average Webster's score decreased from 21 to 11 points. This modified method is simple, safe and effective.
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Wu CY, Lu CH, Yao ZX, Wu KN, Yu JF. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIb. Report of a case. Chin Med J (Engl) 1994; 107:72-4. [PMID: 7910548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Li H, Wu CY, Ho JC. Calorimetric study of the antiferromagnetic transition in ytterbium sesquioxide. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:1447-1449. [PMID: 10010460 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Laval-Jeantet AM, Genant HK, Wu CY, Glüer CC, Faulkner KG, Steiger P. Factors influencing long-term in vivo reproducibility of QCT overtebral densitometry). J Comput Assist Tomogr 1993; 17:915-21. [PMID: 8227577 DOI: 10.1097/00004728-199311000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the long-term in vivo reproducibility of quantitative CT (QCT) examinations that were conducted in conformity with a standard and well established methodology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The long-term reproducibility in vivo of QCT vertebral densitometry was studied in 12 normal postmenopausal women (mean age 51 years), who underwent four to five examinations over the same 2 year period. RESULTS One group of six patients demonstrated good reproducibility with a coefficient of variation (CV) of bone mineral density (BMD) of < 2.4% and were considered "good cases." The other group of six patients showed poor reproducibility with a CV of BMD of > 3.2% and were considered "problem cases." A statistical study of the technical parameters of the QCT examination was performed to determine and correct for the factors that are correlated with reproducibility errors. Analyzing uncalibrated variations in Hounsfield numbers, we found that the surrounding soft tissues such as muscle, aorta, liver, and fat were correlated in both the good and the problem cases. However, only in the good cases did we find that the Hounsfield numbers of the vertebral bodies correlated strongly with the soft tissues and with parameters characteristic of the calibration regression line. CONCLUSION Essentially, the calibration procedure appeared to fail in some examinations of the problem cases, causing poor long-term reproducibility. This calibration failure may be related to positioning of the subject in the gantry and to variations in electrical parameters of the X-ray tube. A CV > 1% between the four slopes of calibration for the individual vertebrae measured at the same visit may indicate calibration problems and may suggest the need for repeat scanning.
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Horen DJ, Auble RL, Satchler GR, Beene JR, Lee IY, Wu CY, Cline D, Devlin M, Ibbotson R, Simon MW. Lifetime of the 31- state and octupole collectivity in 96Zr. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1993; 48:R2131-R2134. [PMID: 9969118 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.r2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Helmer KG, Wu CY, Cline D, Kavka AE, Kernan WJ, Vogt EG, Guidry MW, Han XL, Kincaid RW, Liu XT, Schecter H, Rasmussen JO, Shihab-Eldin A, Stoyer MA, Halbert ML. Search for diabolical pair transfer in two-neutron transfer reactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1993; 48:1879-1883. [PMID: 9969030 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Ibbotson R, White CA, Czosnyka T, Butler PA, Clarkson N, Cline D, Cunningham RA, Devlin M, Helmer KG, Hoare TH, Hughes JR, Jones GD, Kavka AE, Kotlinski B, Poynter RJ, Regan P, Vogt EG, Wadsworth R, Watson DL, Wu CY. Octupole collectivity in the ground band of 148Nd. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:1990-1993. [PMID: 10054555 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Abstract
The assessment of vertebral fracture by conventional radiography has been refined and improved using either semiquantitative or quantitative criteria. The inter- and intraobserver variability was determined for a semiquantitative visual approach that we routinely use in clinical studies for assessing prevalent and incident vertebral fractures. In addition, the semiquantitative approach was compared with a quantitative morphometric approach. The incidence and prevalence of vertebral fractures were determined in 57 postmenopausal women (age 65-75 years) by three independent observers. The radiographic basis for fracture definitions and the source of interobserver agreement for the semiquantitative technique. We conclude that the semiquantitative approach can be applied reliably in vertebral fracture assessment when performed using well-defined criteria.
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Liu LM, Yu ZF, Wu CY. [Studies of the spasm-relieving effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.--Aster tataricus L.F. pulvis mixture on the trachea in guinea pigs]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1993; 18:566-7, 575. [PMID: 8011115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The experiment shows that high concentration of Aster tataricus plus Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. can inhibit the tracheal systoliea caused by histamine, but for tracheal systoliea caused by acetylcholine the inhibition is indistinct. The experiment also shows that Aster tataricus, glycyrrhiza uralensis and Tussilago far fara L. combined have coordinated inhibiting effect on the tracheal systoliea caused by histamine and acetylcholine.
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250
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Lin JJ, Wu CY. Electron-electron interaction and weak-localization effects in Ti-Al alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:5021-5024. [PMID: 10009014 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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