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Valero V, Vrdoljak E, Xu B, Thomas E, Gómez H, Manikhas A, Medina C, Li RK, Ro J, Bosserman L, Vahdat L, Mukhopadhyay P, Opatt D, Sparano JA. Maintenance of Clinical Efficacy After Dose Reduction of Ixabepilone Plus Capecitabine in Patients With Anthracycline- and Taxane-Resistant Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of Pooled Data From 2 Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials. Clin Breast Cancer 2012; 12:240-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Umerska A, Paluch KJ, Inkielewicz-Stępniak I, Santos-Martinez MJ, Corrigan OI, Medina C, Tajber L. Exploring the assembly process and properties of novel crosslinker-free hyaluronate-based polyelectrolyte complex nanocarriers. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:75-87. [PMID: 22814226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the formulation of pharmaceutically relevant polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (NPs) composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan (CS) containing no crosslinkers. The influence of polymer mixing ratio, concentration and molecular weight as well as the type of counterion in chitosan salt on properties of the resulting NPs was examined. Formulations and their components were studied by laser light scattering, viscosity, infrared spectroscopy and microscopy. Physical stability, isoelectric points and cytotoxicity of selected NPs were determined. By appropriate modification of HA molecular weight, stable and non-sedimenting NPs were successfully formed. Sonication was found to be an effective method to reduce the molecular weight of HA from 2882±25 to 176±4 kDa with no chemical changes in the HA structure observed. High molecular weight CS formed micron-sized entities at all compositions investigated. Positively and negatively charged NPs were obtained depending on the mixing ratio of the polymers, with CS glutamate NPs yielding more negatively charged particles compared to CS chloride NPs. The smallest NPs (149±11 nm) were formed using HA with molecular weight of 176 kDa. Cytotoxicity of NPs was dependent on environmental pH but HA was found to exert cytoprotective effects on Caco-2 cells.
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Buckley ST, Medina C, Davies AM, Ehrhardt C. Cytoskeletal re-arrangement in TGF-β1-induced alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal transition studied by atomic force microscopy and high-content analysis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:355-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wang J, O'Sullivan S, Harmon S, Keaveny R, Radomski MW, Medina C, Gilmer JF. Design of barbiturate-nitrate hybrids that inhibit MMP-9 activity and secretion. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2154-62. [PMID: 22248361 DOI: 10.1021/jm201352k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new type of barbiturate-based matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor incorporating a nitric oxide (NO) donor/mimetic group (series 1). The compounds were designed to inhibit MMP at enzyme level and to attenuate MMP-9 secretion arising from inflammatory signaling. To detect effects related to the nitrate, we prepared and studied an analogous series of barbiturate C5-alkyl alcohols that were unable to release NO (series 2). Both series inhibited recombinant human MMP-2/9 activity with nanomolar potency. Series 1 consistently inhibited the secretion of MMP-9 from TNFα/IL1β stimulated Caco-2 cells at 10 μM, which could be attributed to NO related effects because the non-nitrate panel did not affect enzyme levels. Several compounds from series 1 (10 μM) inhibited tumor cell invasion but none from the non-nitrate panel did. The work shows that MMP-inhibitory barbiturates are suitable scaffolds for hybrid design, targeting additional facets of MMP pathophysiology, with potential to improve risk-benefit ratios.
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Corbalan JJ, Medina C, Jacoby A, Malinski T, Radomski MW. Amorphous silica nanoparticles aggregate human platelets: potential implications for vascular homeostasis. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:631-9. [PMID: 22334785 PMCID: PMC3278227 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNP) can be used in medical technologies and other industries leading to human exposure. However, an increased number of studies indicate that this exposure may result in cardiovascular inflammation and damage. A high ratio of nitric oxide to peroxynitrite concentrations ([NO]/[ONOO−]) is crucial for cardiovascular homeostasis and platelet hemostasis. Therefore, we studied the influence of SiNP on the platelet [NO]/[ONOO−] balance and platelet aggregation. Methods Nanoparticle–platelet interaction was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical nanosensors were used to measure the levels of NO and ONOO− released by platelets upon nanoparticle stimulation. Platelet aggregation was studied using light aggregometry, flow cytometry, and phase contrast microscopy. Results Amorphous SiNP induced NO release from platelets followed by a massive stimulation of ONOO− leading to an unfavorably low [NO]/[ONOO−] ratio. In addition, SiNP induced an upregulation of selectin P expression and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation on the platelet surface membrane, and led to platelet aggregation via adenosine diphosphate and matrix metalloproteinase 2-dependent mechanisms. Importantly, all the effects on platelet aggregation were inversely proportional to nanoparticle size. Conclusions The exposure of platelets to amorphous SiNP induces a critically low [NO]/[ONOO−] ratio leading to platelet aggregation. These findings provide new insights into the pharmacological profile of SiNP in platelets.
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Santos-Martinez MJ, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I, Medina C, Rahme K, D'Arcy DM, Fox D, Holmes JD, Zhang H, Radomski MW. The use of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) for studying nanoparticle-induced platelet aggregation. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:243-55. [PMID: 22275839 PMCID: PMC3263416 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s26679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between blood platelets and nanoparticles have both pharmacological and toxicological significance and may lead to platelet activation and aggregation. Platelet aggregation is usually studied using light aggregometer that neither mimics the conditions found in human microvasculature nor detects microaggregates. A new method for the measurement of platelet microaggregation under flow conditions using a commercially available quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) has recently been developed. The aim of the current study was to investigate if QCM-D could be used for the measurement of nanoparticle-platelet interactions. Silica, polystyrene, and gold nanoparticles were tested. The interactions were also studied using light aggregometry and flow cytometry, which measured surface abundance of platelet receptors. Platelet activation was imaged using phase contrast and scanning helium ion microscopy. QCM-D was able to measure nanoparticle-induced platelet microaggregation for all nanoparticles tested at concentrations that were undetectable by light aggregometry and flow cytometry. Microaggregates were measured by changes in frequency and dissipation, and the presence of platelets on the sensor surface was confirmed and imaged by phase contrast and scanning helium ion microscopy.
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Medina C, Santero E, Gómez-Skarmeta JL, Royo JL. Engineered Salmonella allows real-time heterologous gene expression monitoring within infected zebrafish embryos. J Biotechnol 2011; 157:413-6. [PMID: 22178780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbial host-pathogen interactions have been traditionally well studied at genetic and physiological levels, but cell-resolution analyses have been particularly scarce. This has been especially remarkable for intracellular parasites for two major reasons: first, the inherent loss of bacteria traceability once infects its hosts; second and more important, the limited availability of genetic tools that allow a tight regulated expression of bacterial virulence genes once inside the host tissues. Here we present novel data supporting the use of zebrafish embryos to monitor Salmonella enterica serovar Thyphimurium infection. Intravenous infection of Salmonella can be easily monitored using in vivo fluorescence that allows the visualization of free-swimming bacteria through the circulatory system. Moreover, we have engineered Salmonella to voluntarily activate heterologous gene expression at any point during infection once inside the zebrafish macrophages using a salicylate-based expression system. This approach allows real-time cell-resolution in vivo monitoring of the infection. All together, this approach paves the road to cell-based resolution experiments that would be harder to mimic in other vertebrate infection models.
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Harmon S, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I, Jones M, Ledwidge M, Santos-Martinez MJ, Medina C, Radomski MW, Gilmer JF. Mechanisms of aggregation inhibition by aspirin and nitrate-aspirin prodrugs in human platelets. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 64:77-89. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Aspirin is the mainstay of anti-platelet therapy in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, problems with aspirin safety and resistance demand clinical strategies based on multiple pharmacological approaches. Prodrugs of aspirin may offer beneficial effects in terms of gastro-intestinal safety and multiple pharmacological approaches. However, the pharmacological profile of aspirin prodrugs in human platelets has not been completed yet. We aimed to compare the effects of aspirin and prodrugs of aspirin (1–5) on human platelet aggregation stimulated by ADP and collagen and associated receptor expression (GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin) in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and washed platelets (WP).
Methods
As aspirin is released from prodrugs following esterase hydrolysis we studied the expression and activity of butyrylcholineterase (BuChE) and carboxyesterase (CE) in plasma and platelets. The mechanism of prodrug-induced platelet aggregation inhibition was explored by studying the effects of plasma and purified human BuChE on aggregation. Finally, the relative contribution of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity to nitrate-containing prodrugs of aspirin-induced inhibition of aggregation was determined using 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ,) a selective inhibitor of the soluble guanylyl cyclase.
Key findings
ST0702, 2, a nicotinic acid-aspirin codrug was equipotent with aspirin with respect to inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Compound 4, a NO releasing aspirin was the most potent inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, an effect partially reversed by ODQ. The platelet inhibitory effects of aspirin prodrugs were time-dependent as the maximal inhibitory effects against collagen-induced aggregation were achieved by aspirin at 2 min, 1 at 5 min and ST0702 at 15 min. The aspirin prodrugs were significantly less potent in WP than in PRP and the reverse was true of aspirin. In the presence of complete BuChE inhibition in PRP, there was almost complete loss of aspirin prodrug, but not aspirin anti-aggregatory activity. Interestingly, CE activity was observed in WP and platelet lysate with pNPA substrate. Accordingly, 1 and ST0702 retained 50% and 100% anti-aggregatory activity at maximal concentrations in WP, which was attenuated in the presence of esterase inhibitor phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride.
Conclusions
The inhibitory effect of aspirin prodrugs in PRP is due to prodrug activation by BuChE. In contrast, the platelet-inhibitory effects of aspirin prodrugs in WP may be mediated through the activity of platelet CE. Compound 4, a NO-containing aspirin prodrug, may exert dual inhibitory effects in platelets. Thus, aspirin prodrugs effectively inhibit human platelet aggregation and as such may be an alternative to conventional aspirin.
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Corbalan JJ, Medina C, Jacoby A, Malinski T, Radomski MW. Amorphous silica nanoparticles trigger nitric oxide/peroxynitrite imbalance in human endothelial cells: inflammatory and cytotoxic effects. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2821-35. [PMID: 22131828 PMCID: PMC3224709 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s25071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of noxious effects of amorphous silica nanoparticles on human endothelial cells. Methods Nanoparticle uptake was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical nanosensors were used to measure the nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) released by a single cell upon nanoparticle stimulation. The downstream inflammatory effects were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry, and cytotoxicity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Results We found that the silica nanoparticles penetrated the plasma membrane and rapidly stimulated release of cytoprotective NO and, to a greater extent, production of cytotoxic ONOO−. The low [NO]/[ONOO−] ratio indicated increased nitroxidative/oxidative stress and correlated closely with endothelial inflammation and necrosis. This imbalance was associated with nuclear factor κB activation, upregulation of key inflammatory factors, and cell death. These effects were observed in a nanoparticle size-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion The [NO]/[ONOO−] imbalance induced by amorphous silica nanoparticles indicates a potentially deleterious effect of silica nanoparticles on vascular endothelium.
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Medina C, Camacho EM, Flores A, Mesa-Pereira B, Santero E. Improved expression systems for regulated expression in Salmonella infecting eukaryotic cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23055. [PMID: 21829692 PMCID: PMC3148252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we describe a series of improvements to the Salmonella-based salicylate-inducible cascade expression system comprised of a plasmid-borne expression module, where target gene expression is driven by the P(m) promoter governed by the XylS2 regulator, and a genome-integrated regulatory module controlled by the nahR/P(sal) system. We have constructed a set of high and low-copy number plasmids bearing modified versions of the expression module with a more versatile multiple cloning site and different combinations of the following elements: (i) the nasF transcriptional attenuator, which reduces basal expression levels, (ii) a strong ribosome binding site, and (iii) the Type III Secretion System (TTSS) signal peptide from the effector protein SspH2 to deliver proteins directly to the eukaryotic cytosol following bacterial infection of animal cells. We show that different expression module versions can be used to direct a broad range of protein production levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the efficient reduction of basal expression by the nasF attenuator allows the cloning of genes encoding highly cytotoxic proteins such as colicin E3 even in the absence of its immunity protein. Additionally, we show that the Salmonella TTSS is able to translocate most of the protein produced by this regulatory cascade to the cytoplasm of infected HeLa cells. Our results indicate that these vectors represent useful tools for the regulated overproduction of heterologous proteins in bacterial culture or in animal cells, for the cloning and expression of genes encoding toxic proteins and for pathogenesis studies.
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Wang J, Medina C, Radomski MW, Gilmer JF. N-Substituted homopiperazine barbiturates as gelatinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4985-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bazou D, Santos-Martinez MJ, Medina C, Radomski MW. Elucidation of flow-mediated tumour cell-induced platelet aggregation using an ultrasound standing wave trap. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1577-89. [PMID: 21182493 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tumour cells activate and aggregate platelets [tumour cell-induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA)] and this process plays an important role in the successful metastasis of cancer cells. To date, most studies on TCIPA have been conducted under no-flow conditions. In this study, we have investigated TCIPA in real time under flow conditions, using an ultrasound standing wave trap that allows formation and levitation of cancer cell clusters in suspension, thus mimicking the conditions generated by flowing blood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using 59M adenocarcinoma and HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells and human platelets, cancer cell cluster-platelet aggregates were imaged in real time using epi-fluorescence microscopy (F-actin) and investigated in detail using confocal microscopy (matrix metalloproteinase-2-GPIIb/IIIa co-localization) and scanning electron and helium-ion microscopy (<1 nm resolution). The release of gelatinases from aggregates was studied using zymography. KEY RESULTS We found that platelet activation and aggregation takes place on the surface of cancer cells (TCIPA), leading to time-dependent disruption of cancer cell clusters. Pharmacological modulation of TCIPA revealed that EDTA, prostacyclin, o-phenanthroline and apyrase significantly down-regulated TCIPA and, in turn, delayed cell cluster disruption, However, EGTA and aspirin were ineffective. Pharmacological inhibition of TCIPA correlated with the down-regulation of platelet activation as shown by flow-cytometry assay of platelet P-selectin. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results show for the first time, that during TCIPA, platelet activation disrupts cancer cell clusters and this can contribute to metastasis. Thus, selective targeting of platelet aggregate-cancer cell clusters may be an important strategy to control metastasis.
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Díez M, Ratia T, Medrano MJ, Mugüerza JM, San Román MR, Medina C, Rodríguez A, Sánchez-Seco MI, Vera C, Díaz R, Franco P, Granell J. [Relationship between parathormone concentration during surgery and the post-operative outcome of primary hyperparathyroidism]. Cir Esp 2011; 89:386-91. [PMID: 21481851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between the intra-operative concentration of parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) and the long-term outcome of patients intervened due to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective observational study was performed with 120 patients. Three determinations were made of PTH in blood: baseline, when the diseases gland was located, and 10 minutes after its extirpation. The calcium, PTH and vitamin D (25-OH-D3) levels were measured during follow up. RESULTS A decrease in IOPTH > 50% was observed in 96 (80%) patients, and the post-extirpation value returned to the normal range (Group I), in 18 (15%) a decrease of > 50% but the final value remained higher than normal (Group II) and in 6 (5%) the decrease was<50% (Group III). Persistent PHPT was detected during follow up in 6 patients (5%): one in Group I (1%), 3 (16.7%) in II and 2 (33.3%) in group III (P<.001). The risk of persistent PHPT was higher in Group II (odds ratio: 19; 95% CI: 1.85-194) and in Group III (odds ratio: 47; 95% CI: 3.53-639). There were no cases of recurrent PHPT. A normal calcium with an increased PTH was detected in 20 patients of Group I (20.8%), 11 (61.1%) in II and 3 (50%) in III (P<.001). These patients had a lower concentration of post-operative vitamin D (17 ng/ml, range: 24; compared to 28 ng/ml, range: 21) (P=.008) and higher frequency of hypovitaminosis D (70.6% compared to 26.2%) (P>.001). CONCLUSION The risk of persistent PHPT is higher when the IOPTH decreases more than 50% but still remains high.
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Medina C, Santos-Martinez MJ, Santana A, Paz-Cabrera MC, Johnston MJ, Mourelle M, Salas A, Guarner F. Transforming growth factor-beta type 1 receptor (ALK5) and Smad proteins mediate TIMP-1 and collagen synthesis in experimental intestinal fibrosis. J Pathol 2011; 224:461-72. [PMID: 21465486 DOI: 10.1002/path.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is known to play a key role in intestinal fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. TGF-β signal transduction is through TGF-β receptors, including the TGF-β type 1 receptor. Most cell types contain a TGF-β type 1 receptor form known as activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), which propagates the signal to the nucleus through the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 proteins. Therefore, we assessed the effect of the disruption of TGF-β/ALK5/Smad signalling by an ALK5 inhibitor (SD-208) in two experimental animal models of intestinal fibrosis: anaerobic bacteria- and trinitrobenzensulphonic acid-induced colitis. In addition, isolated myofibroblasts were pretreated with SD-208 and exposed to recombinant TGF-β1. Finally, myofibroblasts were transfected with ALK5, Smad2, and Smad3-specific siRNA. Up-regulation of ALK5 and TIMP-1, phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 proteins, and increased intestinal wall collagen deposition were found in both experimental animal models. These effects were decreased by SD-208. TGF-β1 treatment also induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 and up-regulation of ALK5 protein, TIMP-1, and α2 type 1 collagen gene expression in isolated myofibroblasts. Again these effects were inhibited by SD-208. Also, ALK5, Smad2, and Smad3 siRNA abolished the induction of TIMP-1 and α2 type 1 collagen. Our findings provide evidence that the TGF-β/ALK5/Smad pathway participates in the pathogenesis of experimental intestinal fibrosis. These data show promise for the development of an effective therapeutic intervention in this condition.
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Mugüerza JM, Rodríguez A, Díez M, Sánchez-Seco MI, Hernández S, Diego L, Ratia T, San Román R, Medina C, Guadalix G, Granell FJ. [Laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Lateral transabdominal tecnique "step by step" and analysis of 41 consecutive patients]. ARCH ESP UROL 2011; 64:186-194. [PMID: 21487169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Since the initial report in 1992, laparoscopic adrenalectomy has proved substantial advantages over the conventional procedure in terms of decreased postoperative pain and hospital stay, allowing earlier return to normal activity. The technical details are in permanent evolution and the most widely accepted laparoscopic surgery for the adrenal gland is the transabdominal lateral approach. We hereby describe step by step the way we perform the lateral approach after 41 consecutive cases.
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Ehrhardt C, Medina C, Buckley ST. Interaction of RAGE with focal adhesion molecules during alveolar epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.865.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ehrhardt C, Medina C, Davies AM, Buckley ST. Novel tools for investigations of cytoskeletal re‐arrangement during alveolar epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.865.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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118
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Parekh M, Swift S, Lemos N, Iskander M, Freeman B, Arunkalaivanan AS, Martan A, Sorinola O, Rizk D, Halaska M, Surkont G, Medina C, Conceicao JC, Korte JE. Multicenter inter-examiner agreement trial for the validation of simplified POPQ system. Int Urogynecol J 2011; 22:645-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00192-011-1395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Buckley ST, Medina C, Kasper M, Ehrhardt C. Interplay between RAGE, CD44, and focal adhesion molecules in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of alveolar epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 300:L548-59. [PMID: 21278261 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00230.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis of the lung is characterized by the accumulation of myofibroblasts, a key mediator in the fibrogenic reaction. Cumulative evidence indicates that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process whereby epithelial cells become mesenchyme-like, is an important contributing source for the myofibroblast population. Underlying this phenotypical change is a dramatic alteration in cellular structure. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) has been suggested to maintain lung homeostasis by mediating cell adhesion, while the family of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins, on the other hand, serve as an important cross-linker between the plasma membrane and cytoskeleton. In the present investigation, we tested the hypothesis that RAGE and ERM interact and play a key role in regulating EMT-associated structural changes in alveolar epithelial cells. Exposure of A549 cells to inflammatory cytokines resulted in phosphorylation and redistribution of ERM to the cell periphery and localization with EMT-related actin stress fibers. Simultaneously, blockade of Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling attenuated these cytokine-induced structural changes. Additionally, RAGE expression was diminished after cytokine stimulation, with release of its soluble isoform via a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9-dependent mechanism. Immunofluorescence microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation revealed association between ERM and RAGE under basal conditions, which was disrupted when challenged with inflammatory cytokines, as ERM in its activated state complexed with membrane-linked CD44. Dual-fluorescence immunohistochemistry of patient idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) tissues highlighted marked diminution of RAGE in fibrotic samples, together with enhanced levels of CD44 and double-positive cells for CD44 and phospho (p)ERM. These data suggest that dysregulation of the ERM-RAGE complex might be an important step in rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton during proinflammatory cytokine-induced EMT of human alveolar epithelial cells.
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Santos-Martínez MJ, Prina-Mello A, Medina C, Radomski MW. Analysis of platelet function: role of microfluidics and nanodevices. Analyst 2011; 136:5120-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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121
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Buckley ST, Medina C, Ehrhardt C. Differential susceptibility to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar, bronchial and intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and the effect of angiotensin II receptor inhibition. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 342:39-51. [PMID: 20848133 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The generation of myofibroblasts via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process through which epithelial cells lose their polarity and become motile mesenchymal cells, is a proposed contributory factor in fibrosis of a number of organs. Currently, it remains unclear to what extent epithelia of the upper airways and large intestine are susceptible to this process. Herein, we investigated the ability of model cell lines of alveolar (A549), bronchial (Calu-3) and colonic (Caco-2) epithelial cells to undergo EMT when challenged with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that A549 cells readily underwent EMT, as evidenced by a spindle-like morphology, increase in the mesenchymal marker, vimentin, and down-regulation of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker. In contrast, neither Calu-3 nor Caco-2 cells exhibited morphological changes nor alterations in marker expression associated with EMT. Moreover, whilst stimulation of A549 cells enhanced migration and reduced their proliferative capacity, no such effect was observed in epithelial cell lines of the bronchus or colon. In addition, concomitant treatment of A549 cells with telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist with antifibrotic properties, was found to reduce cytokine-induced collagen I production and cell migration, although expression levels of vimentin and E-cadherin remained unaltered. Mechanistically, telmisartan failed to inhibit phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Together, these results, using representative in vitro models of the alveolus, bronchus and colon, tentatively suggest that epithelial cell plasticity and susceptibility to EMT may differ depending on its tissue origin. Furthermore, our investigations point to the beneficial effect of telmisartan in partial abrogation of alveolar EMT.
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Inkielewicz-Stepniak I, Gilmer J, Radomski M, Czarnowski W, Medina C. The effect of new aspirin prodrugs on blood platelet and tumor cells in an ‘in vitro’ study. Toxicol Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sparano JA, Vrdoljak E, Rixe O, Xu B, Manikhas A, Medina C, Da Costa SCV, Ro J, Rubio G, Rondinon M, Perez Manga G, Peck R, Poulart V, Conte P. Randomized phase III trial of ixabepilone plus capecitabine versus capecitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline and a taxane. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:3256-63. [PMID: 20530276 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.24.4244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to determine whether the combination of ixabepilone plus capecitabine improved overall survival (OS) compared with capecitabine alone in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 1,221 patients with MBC previously treated with anthracycline and taxanes were randomly assigned to ixabepilone (40 mg/m(2) intravenously on day 1) plus capecitabine (2,000 mg/m(2) orally on days 1 through 14) or capecitabine alone (2,500 mg/m(2) on the same schedule) given every 21 days. The trial was powered to detect a 20% reduction in the hazard ratio (HR) for death. RESULTS There was no significant difference in OS between the combination and capecitabine monotherapy arm, the primary end point (median, 16.4 v 15.6 months; HR = 0.9; 95% CI, 078 to 1.03; P = .1162). The arms were well balanced with the exception of a higher prevalence of impaired performance status (Karnofsky performance status 70% to 80%) in the combination arm (32% v 25%). In a secondary Cox regression analysis adjusted for performance status and other prognostic factors, OS was improved for the combination (HR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.98; P = .0231). In 79% of patients with measurable disease, the combination significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS; median, 6.2 v 4.2 months; HR = 0.79; P = .0005) and response rate (43% v 29%; P < .0001). Grade 3 to 4 neuropathy occurred in 24% treated with the combination, but was reversible. CONCLUSION This study confirmed a previous trial demonstrating improved PFS and response for the ixabepilone-capecitabine combination compared with capecitabine alone, although this did not result in improved survival.
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Buckley ST, Medina C, Ehrhardt C. RAGE and ERM proteins in EMT of human alveolar epithelial cells. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.612.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cervera MI, Medina C, Portolés T, Pitarch E, Beltrán J, Serrahima E, Pineda L, Muñoz G, Centrich F, Hernández F. Multi-residue determination of 130 multiclass pesticides in fruits and vegetables by gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:2873-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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