[Usefulness of the residual SYNTAX score to predict long term outcome in acute coronary syndrome patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention]

Objective: To quantify the extent and complexity of residual coronary stenosis following PCI by the residual SYNTAX score, and to evaluate its impact on adverse ischemic outcomes in acute coronary syndrome(ACS) patients. Methods: From January 2013 to December 2013, a total of 1 414 consecutive moderate- and high-risk ACS patients who underwent any PCI with multi-vessel coronary artery disease were evaluated.Patients were stratified by rSS quartiles and their outcomes were compared. Results: The rSS was 4.8±6.7. 591 patients (41.8%) had rSS=0(CR), 233 patients (16.5%) had rSS>0 but ≤ 3, 296 patients (20.9%) had rSS>3 but ≤8 and 294 patients (20.8%) had rSS>8.Clinical risk factors were more frequent in patients with incomplete revascularization(IR) compared with complete revascularization(CR). The 2-year rates of all-caused death(1.2% vs 0.4%, 2.0%, 4.4%, P=0.003), cardiac death, revascularization and MACCE were significantly higher in high rSS group, compared to other groups.By multivariable analysis, rSS was a strong independent predictor of ischemic outcomes at 2-year, including all-cause mortality (HR=1.05, 95%CI 1.01-1.09, P=0.019), cardiac death, revascularization and MACCE. Conclusions: The rSS is a strong independent predictor of all-caused death, cardiac death, revascularization and MACCE and has moderated predictive ability for those ischemic outcomes.

miR-26a suppresses autophagy in swine Sertoli cells by targeting ULK2

A large number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been detected from porcine testicular tissues thanks to the development of high-throughput sequencing technology. However, the regulatory roles of most identified miRNAs in swine testicular development or spermatogenesis are poorly understood. In our previous study, ULK2 (uncoordinated-51-like kinase 2) was predicted as a target gene of miR-26a. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-26a in swine Sertoli cell autophagy. The relative expression of miR-26a and ULK2 levels has a significant negative correlation (R²  = .5964, p ≤ .01) in nine developmental stages of swine testicular tissue. Dual-luciferase reporter assay results show that miR-26a directly targets the 3'UTR of the ULK2 gene (position 618-624). In addition, both the mRNA and protein expression of ULK2 were downregulated by miR-26a in swine Sertoli cells. These results indicate that miR-26a targets the ULK2 gene and downregulates its expression in swine Sertoli cells. Based on the expression of marker genes (LC3, p62 and Beclin-1), overexpression of miR-26a or knock-down of ULK2 inhibits swine Sertoli cell autophagy. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that miR-26a suppresses autophagy in swine Sertoli cells by targeting ULK2.

Smad nuclear interacting protein 1 (SNIP1) inhibits intestinal inflammation through regulation of epithelial barrier function

Smad nuclear interacting protein 1 (SNIP1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. Our results demonstrated that SNIP1 was markedly decreased in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) from IBD patients compared with healthy controls. Impaired expression of SNIP1 caused a significant decrease of transepithelial electrical resistance but an increase of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux in Caco-2 monolayers, whereas overexpression of SNIP1 reversed such effects. Overexpression of SNIP1 also inhibited the activity of NF-κB p65 and proinflammatory cytokine production (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8) by IEC. Importantly, supplementation of exogenous SNIP1 significantly ameliorated intestinal mucosal inflammation in experimental colitis, characterized by less-severe intestinal epithelial barrier damage and decreased proinflammatory cytokine production. Our data thus demonstrated a novel mechanism whereby SNIP1 regulates intestinal inflammation through modulating intestinal epithelial barrier function. Targeting SNIP1 may provide a therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD.

Identification of glutathione S-transferases in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and evidence that GSTd7 helps explain the difference in insecticide susceptibility between B. tabaci Middle East-Minor Asia 1 and Mediterranean

The Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) species complex includes invasive and destructive pests of field crops, and the sibling species MEAM1 and MED are its two most damaging members. Previous research indicated that the replacement of Middle East-Minor Asia 1 (MEAM1) by Mediterranean (MED) as the dominant B. tabaci species in China can be mainly attributed to MED's greater tolerance to insecticides. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play important roles in the detoxification of hydrophobic toxic compounds. To increase our understanding of differences in insecticide resistance between B. tabaci MEAM1 and MED, we searched the genomic and transcriptomic databases and identified 23 putative GSTs in both B. tabaci MEAM1 and MED. Through measuring mRNA levels of 18 of the GSTs after B. tabaci MEAM1 and MED adults were exposed to the insecticide imidacloprid, we found that the expression levels were increased more in B. tabaci MED than in MEAM1 (in particular, the expression level of GST-d7 was increased by 4.39-fold relative to the control). Knockdown of GST-d7 in B. tabaci MED but not in B. tabaci MEAM1 resulted in a substantial increase in the mortality of imidacloprid-treated adults. These results indicate that differences in GST-d7 may help explain why insecticide tolerance is greater in B. tabaci MED than in B. tabaci MEAM1.

Analysis of sensitive skin barrier function: basic indicators and sebum composition

OBJECTIVES

Sensitive skin (SS) is a condition characterised by high reactivity, low tolerance, and susceptibility to allergies of the skin. Owing to changes in the environment and marketing strategies, as well as the increasing public awareness about skin care, attention to skin condition is gradually increasing. The aim of this study is to explore the differences in the skin barrier of SS and normal skin (NS).

METHODS

A questionnaire survey was conducted and basic indicators of the skin barrier were analysed. It was found that sebum secretion in the SS group was lower than that in the NS group, suggesting that the development of SS might be associated with sebum secretion and its specific components. Next, an ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometer was used to identify facial sebum components in female volunteers.

RESULTS

The results showed that the sebum of female volunteers with SS had high levels of ceramides, glycerophosphoethanolamines, and diacylglycerols, and low levels of glucosylceramides, glycerophosphoserines, glycerophosphocholines, and triacylglycerols.

CONCLUSION

Analysis of lipid functions suggested that the main reason for SS development in women might be a barrier dysfunction caused by excessive apoptosis and lack of water. Therefore, anti-allergy additives in cosmetic products that could inhibit apoptosis of keratinocytes and methods to maintain the stability of water molecules in the skin should be further studied.

Symmetries in mirror nuclei 31S and 31P

Excited states in mirror nuclei 31S and 31P were populated in the 1n and 1p exit channels, respectively, of the reaction 20Ne + 12C. The beam of 20Ne, with an energy of 33 MeV, was delivered for the first time by the Piave-Alpi accelerator of the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. Angular correlations of coincident pairs and Doppler-shift attenuation lifetime measurements in 31S and 31P were performed using the multidetector array GASP in conjunction with the EUCLIDES charged particle detector. A comparison of the determined B(E1) strengths of the analog mirror 7/2- → 5/2+ transitions indicates the presence of a violation of isospin symmetry.

Airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: The main routes of exposure

It has been shown that the exposure to airborne particulate matter is one of the most significant environmental risks people face. Since indoor environment is where people spend the majority of time, in order to protect against this risk, the origin of the particles needs to be understood: do they come from indoor, outdoor sources or both? Further, this question needs to be answered separately for each of the PM mass/number size fractions, as they originate from different sources. Numerous studies have been conducted for specific indoor environments or under specific setting. Here our aim was to go beyond the specifics of individual studies, and to explore, based on pooled data from the literature, whether there are generalizable trends in routes of exposure at homes, schools and day cares, offices and aged care facilities. To do this, we quantified the overall 24h and occupancy weighted means of PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and PN - particle number concentration. Based on this, we developed a summary of the indoor versus outdoor origin of indoor particles and compared the means to the WHO guidelines (for PM₁₀ and PM_2.5) and to the typical levels reported for urban environments (PN). We showed that the main origins of particle metrics differ from one type of indoor environment to another. For homes, outdoor air is the main origin of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 but PN originate from indoor sources; for schools and day cares, outdoor air is the source of PN while PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 have indoor sources; and for offices, outdoor air is the source of all three particle size fractions. While each individual building is different, leading to differences in exposure and ideally necessitating its own assessment (which is very rarely done), our findings point to the existence of generalizable trends for the main types of indoor environments where people spend time, and therefore to the type of prevention measures which need to be considered in general for these environments.

Sample Preparation for Mass Spectrometry-based Identification of RNA-binding Regions

Noncoding RNAs play important roles in several nuclear processes, including regulating gene expression, chromatin structure, and DNA repair. In most cases, the action of noncoding RNAs is mediated by proteins whose functions are in turn regulated by these interactions with noncoding RNAs. Consistent with this, a growing number of proteins involved in nuclear functions have been reported to bind RNA and in a few cases the RNA-binding regions of these proteins have been mapped, often through laborious, candidate-based methods. Here, we report a detailed protocol to perform a high-throughput, proteome-wide unbiased identification of RNA-binding proteins and their RNA-binding regions. The methodology relies on the incorporation of a photoreactive uridine analog in the cellular RNA, followed by UV-mediated protein-RNA crosslinking, and mass spectrometry analyses to reveal RNA-crosslinked peptides within the proteome. Although we describe the procedure for mouse embryonic stem cells, the protocol should be easily adapted to a variety of cultured cells.

Enteral versus parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients with severe pancreatitis: a meta-analysis

Whether enteral nutrition (EN) is superior to parenteral nutrition (PN) in critically ill patients with severe acute pancreatitis remains unknown. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effects of EN versus PN on clinical outcomes in a subgroup of pancreatitis patients. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science from inception to August 2016. Ultimately, five RCTs including 348 patients were enrolled in this analysis. Compared with PN, EN was associated with a significant reduction in overall mortality (risk ratio (RR)=0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20-0.65, P=0.001) and the rate of multiple organ failure (RR=0.39, 95% CI 0.21-0.73, P=0.003). EN should be recommended as the preferred route of nutrition for critically ill patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Sources and dynamics of fluorescent particles in hospitals

Fluorescent particles can be markers of bioaerosols and are therefore relevant to nosocomial infections. To date, little research has focused on fluorescent particles in occupied indoor environments, particularly hospitals. In this study, we aimed to determine the spatial and temporal variation of fluorescent particles in two large hospitals in Brisbane, Australia (one for adults and one for children). We used an Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (UVAPS) to identify fluorescent particle sources, as well as their contribution to total particle concentrations. We found that the average concentrations of both fluorescent and non-fluorescent particles were higher in the adults' hospital (0.06×10⁶ and 1.20×10⁶  particles/m³ , respectively) than in the children's hospital (0.03×10⁶ and 0.33×10⁶  particles/m³ , respectively) (P<.01). However, the proportion of fluorescent particles was higher in the children's hospital. Based on the concentration results and using activity diaries, we were able to identify sources of particle production within the two hospitals. We demonstrated that particles can be easily generated by a variety of everyday activities, which are potential sources of exposure to pathogens. Future studies to further investigate their role in nosocomial infection are warranted.

Can procalcitonin be used to diagnose Gram-negative bloodstream infection? Evidence based on a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a useful biomarker for systemic bacterial infection, and many studies have described the correlation between high serum PCT level and Gram-negative bloodstream infection (BSI), whereas the diagnostic accuracy of PCT for this kind of episode has not been summarized. This study aimed to estimate the overall accuracy of serum PCT for diagnosing Gram-negative BSI through a meta-analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus database for studies that met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative likelihood ratio (PLR/NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated using bivariate random-effects models. Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to summarize overall diagnostic accuracy.

RESULTS

Our meta-analysis included 13 studies involving 4,513 subjects. Summary estimates for PCT in diagnosing Gram-negative BSI were as follows: sensitivity, 0.73 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.78); specificity, 0.74 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.81); PLR, 2.77 (95% CI 2.07 to 3.70); NLR, 0.37 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.42); DOR, 7.59 (95% CI 5.31 to 10.85); AUC, 0.79 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.82). The corresponding summary performance estimates for using PCT in differentiating Gram-negative BSI from gram-positive BSI were as follows: sensitivity, 0.73 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.78); specificity, 0.70 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.78); PLR, 2.40 (95% CI, 1.83 to 3.15); NLR, 0.39 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.46); DOR, 6.15 (95% CI 4.40 to 8.60); AUC, 0.77 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.81).

CONCLUSIONS

PCT may have a limited diagnostic value for Gram-negative BSI.

Neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemoradiation for stage II-III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a single institution experience

Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide. It is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in China and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most prevalent histologic type. Many clinical trials have explored the value of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemoradiation therapy in potentially resectable ESCC; however, these studies have produced conflicting results. This retrospective study was performed to investigate whether patients with resectable stage II/III ESCC should receive neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy in addition to surgery. A review of stage II/III thoracic ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy and either neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemoradiation was performed. Chemotherapy regimen consisted of cisplatin 75 mg/m2 divided into 3 days and fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5. The patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy were treated with one cycle of chemotherapy concurrently with radiotherapy (40 Gy in 20 fractions, 5 days/week), and those receiving adjuvant therapy were treated with two cycles of chemotherapy concurrently with radiotherapy (46-50 Gy in 23-25 fractions, 5 days/week). A total of 122 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 49 underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation and 73 underwent adjuvant chemoradiation. Median follow up was 36.5 months. The median survival times and 3, 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for the neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups were 39.3 versus 31.5 months, and 53.0%, 45.7% versus 42.9%, 29.7%, respectively (P = 0.091). For the patients with stage III ESCC, the median survival times and 5-year OS rates for the neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups were 39.3 versus 21.3 months, and 43.4% versus 21.0%, respectively (P = 0.021). Among lymph node-positive patients, the median survival times and 5-year OS rates for the neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups were 55.6 versus 23.7 months, and 43.0% versus 25.7%, respectively (P = 0.085). The incidence of perioperative and postoperative complications was comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). For patients with resectable stage II/III ESCC, neoadjuvant chemoradiation does not increase postoperative complications and is associated with a trend toward better OS when compared to adjuvant chemoradiation.

[Diversity of HIV-1 subtypes and primary HIV-1 drug resistance among 302 newly confirmed HIV infections/AIDS in Henan province, China]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate HIV-1 subtype diversity and the frequency of primary drug resistance in newly confirmed HIV infections/AIDS, and the ratio of recently infected cases in Henan.

METHODS

Newly confirmed HIV infections/AIDS from June 2013 to October 2013 and from June 2014 to October 2014 in the municipal CDC and county CDC of six cities in Henan province (Nanyang, Luohe, Pingdingshan, Shangqiu, Xuchang and Zhengzhou) were included in this study. Information on demographics, route of infection and antiviral therapy regimen were obtained from report cards, and at follow-up visits. After collection of blood samples from 402 individuals for confirmatory diagnostic tests, 100 were excluded because of hemolysis or insufficient samples in 11 cases, and incomplete amplification results in 89 cases. Recent HIV infection was determined by the BED capture immunoassay. An in-house method were used for genotypic drug resistance tests and sequence analysis.

RESULTS

Among the 302 individuals included, the mean age was (44.0±15.5) years, and 160 (53.0%) and 142 (47.0%) cases were confirmed in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The ratio of recent infections was 29.5% (89 cases), inside, the ratio of recent infections were 31.3% (20/64), 40.5% (30/74), 21.3% (32/150), 3/8 and 4/6 in 01_AE, 07_BC, B, 01_B and other subtypes (B/C, C, 01_BC and 08_BC) (χ(2)=13.48, P=0.009). The frequency of the B subtype was higher in former infections, at 55.4% (118/213), than in recent infections, at 36% (32/89) (χ(2)=9.49, P=0.002). In contrast, the ratios of both 07_BC and other subtypes were lower in former infections (20.7% (44/213) and 1% (2/213), respectively) than recent infections (33.7% (30/89), χ(2)=5.78, P=0.016 and 5% (4/89), χ(2)=4.08; P=0.044, respectively). The frequency of primary HIV-1 drug resistance was 6.0% (18 cases) in 302 subjects. The frequency of resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) drugs was 2.7% (8 cases) and 3.6% (11 cases), respectively. Primary HIV-1 drug resistance was more frequent in subtypes B and 07_BC, at 8.7% (13 cases) and 5.4% (4 cases), respectively.

CONCLUSION

Newly confirmed HIV infections/AIDS in Henan province harbored certain proportion of none-B subtypes, the frequency of primary resistance tended to be high in HIV-1B infection. The molecular epidemiology of HIV and the development of primary drug resistance should be regularly monitored.

Nonlinear modulation of interacting between COMT and depression on brain function

BACKGROUND

The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is related to dopamine degradation and has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, how this gene affects brain function properties in MDD is still unclear.

METHODS

Fifty patients with MDD and 35 cognitively normal participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. A voxelwise and data-drive global functional connectivity density (gFCD) analysis was used to investigate the main effects and the interactions of disease states and COMT rs4680 gene polymorphism on brain function.

RESULTS

We found significant group differences of the gFCD in bilateral fusiform area (FFA), post-central and pre-central cortex, left superior temporal gyrus (STG), rectal and superior temporal gyrus and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC); abnormal gFCDs in left STG were positively correlated with severity of depression in MDD group. Significant disease×COMT interaction effects were found in the bilateral calcarine gyrus, right vlPFC, hippocampus and thalamus, and left SFG and FFA. Further post-hoc tests showed a nonlinear modulation effect of COMT on gFCD in the development of MDD. Interestingly, an inverted U-shaped modulation was found in the prefrontal cortex (control system) but U-shaped modulations were found in the hippocampus, thalamus and occipital cortex (processing system).

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrated nonlinear modulation of the interaction between COMT and depression on brain function. These findings expand our understanding of the COMT effect underlying the pathophysiology of MDD.

[Application of immunohistochemistry for p16 and GATA3 and molecular HPV typing in diagnosis of secondary bladder involvement by cervical carcinoma]

Objective: To investigate the expression of p16 and GATA3 and the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in secondary bladder involvement by cervical carcinomas. Methods: Sixteen cases of cervical carcinoma with bladder involvement diagnosed from December 2008 to March 2016 were collected and evaluated by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry for p16 and GATA3 detection and PCR-reverse dot blot for molecular typing of HPV. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 25 to 76 years with median of 52 years. Morphologically, 14 cases(14/16) showed tumor nests infiltrating lamina propria or muscle bundles of the bladder. By immunohistochemistry, 15 cases (15/16) were found to be diffusely and strongly positive for p16, and 1 showed patchy staining pattern. Seven cases (7/7) of corresponding original cervical cancers were also diffusely and strongly positive for p16. GATA3 staining was negative in 13 cases (13/16), and focal weak to moderate positivity was detected in 3 cases.Three cases (3/7) of corresponding original cervical cancers showed focal weak to moderate positivity of GATA3. Fifteen cases (15/16) showed concordant high risk HPV-positivity, including HPV16 in 8 cases and HPV31 in one case. Five cases showed co-infection of HPV16 and HPV18. One case showed co-infection with HPV18 and HPV45. Conclusion: Differential diagnosis by p16 or GATA3 alone is of limited value. Combination of immunohistochemistry for p16 and GATA3 and molecular typing for HPV detection are useful to distinguish primary bladder carcinoma from the secondary involvement by cervical carcinoma.

Association of cytokine gene polymorphisms (IL‑6, IL‑12B, IL‑18) with Behcet's disease : A meta-analysis

PURPOSE

This study aims to investigate the association of cytokine gene polymorphisms with the risk of Behcet's disease (BD) via comprehensive meta-analysis.

METHODS

The Embase and PubMed databases covering the period from the earliest possible year to May 2015 were searched. A total of 13 eligible articles including 2,065 BD patients and 1,559 controls were recruited. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the associations. Potential publication bias was evaluated using Egger's linear regression test.

RESULTS

Meta-analysis indicated associations between IL‑6 rs1800795, IL‑12B rs3212227, and IL‑18 rs1946518 in all study subjects: IL‑18 rs1946518 in the dominant model (IL‑18 rs1946518: OR = 0.48, 95 % CI: 0.34-0.70, P = 0.000) and the homozygote model (IL‑18 rs1946518: OR = 0.40, 95 % CI: 0.25-0.65, P = 0.000); and IL‑6 rs1800795 and IL‑12B rs3212227 in the dominant model (IL‑6 rs1800795: OR = 0.53, 95 % CI: 0.39-0.72, P = 0.000; IL‑12B rs3212227: OR = 1.26, 95 % CI: 1.06-1.48, P = 0.007; IL‑18 rs1946518: OR = 0.46, 95 % CI: 0.33-0.65, P = 0.000). No significant evidence for associations of IL‑18 rs187238 polymorphisms with BD susceptibility was detected.

CONCLUSION

In summary, this meta-analysis finds that IL‑6 rs1800795 and IL‑18 rs1946518 polymorphisms decrease the risk of BD. However, IL‑12B rs3212227 increases BD susceptibility. Further large-scale investigation of this association is necessary.

A cut above

A new technique called CUT&RUN can map the distribution of proteins on the genome with higher resolution and accuracy than existing approaches.

Abstract P1-04-07: Environmental influence on epigenetic markers in the development of breast cancer

Aberrant DNA methylation plays an important role in breast cancer initiation and progression. We hypothesize that environmental risk factors contribute to causal alterations in DNA methylation and that such causal changes have already occurred prospectively in normal breast tissue before tumor occurrence. In order to test this hypothesis, normal breast tissue from healthy women must be used. We therefore conducted an integrative molecular epidemiological study that combined the environmental regulation of DNA methylation in normal breast tissue and the differential DNA methylation profiling in tumor and normal breast tissue. We examined for the first time the environmental impact on DNA methylation in normal breast tissue from healthy women and determine the association of these epigenetic changes with breast cancer development. Potentially causal DNA methylation markers identified from our study has the potential to make a major scientific and clinical impact in understanding breast cancer etiology as well as developing novel, more effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Citation Format: He C, Wu W, Gao H, Nephew K, Li L, Schneider B, Han J, Liu Y. Environmental influence on epigenetic markers in the development of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-04-07.

[Anti-β(2)GPⅠantibodies accelerate the formation of atherosclerosis in high fat diet fed ApoE deficient mice]

Objective: To investigate the effects of anti-β(2) glycoprotein Ⅰ(β(2)GPⅠ) antibody on atherosclerosis in ApoE deficient mice. Methods: A total of 24 male ApoE deficient mice of specific pathogen free level(six to eight-week old)were divided into normal control group, high fat diet group, high fat diet with anti-β(2)GPⅠ group, high fat diet with homologous control antibody group (n=6 each group). During the feeding period, mice were weighed every 2 weeks and were intraperitoneally injected with anti-β(2)GPⅠIgG (100 μg/per) and homologous control IgG (100 μg/per) according to grouping once a week. At the 16th week, the carotid arterial lipid deposition was observed by small animal magnetic resonance imaging, and blood samples were collected from internal vein of eyeball and the concentrations of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C in plasma were measured after EDTA anticoagulant treatment. AI was calculated. The mice were then sacrificed and carotid arteries were removed, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the atherosclerotic lesions near the bifurcation of carotid artery and to calculate lesion size. Results: (1) The body weight of mice was significantly higher in the high fat diet group compared to other 3 groups(all P<0.05), which was similar among high fat diet+ anti-β(2)GPⅠantibody group, high fat diet+ homologous control IgG group and normal diet control group (P>0.05). (2) After 16 weeks, plasma concentrations of TC and LDL-C in high fat diet group, high fat diet+ anti-β(2)GPⅠantibody group and high fat diet+ homologous control IgG group were significantly higher than in normal diet group (all P<0.05), there was no significant difference among high fat diet groups. The level of HDL-C was significantly higher in high fat diet control group than in normal diet control group. The concentration of TG was similar among groups. However, the value of AI in high fat+ anti-β(2)GPⅠ antibody group was significantly higher than in other groups (all P<0.05). (3) After 16 weeks, magnetic resonance imaging revealed that mice in high fat diet+ anti-β(2)GPⅠ antibody group had more obviously lipid deposition in the carotid arteries, it was significantly higher than that in the other groups, and the cross sections of carotid arteries stained with HE also demonstrated obviously carotid lumen stenosis and the percentage of carotid plaque area to carotid artery was (37.545±1.351)% in the high fat diet+ anti-β(2)GPⅠ antibody group, it was significantly higher than normal diet group ((1.235±0.460)%), high fat diet control group((11.635±2.751)%) and high fat diet+ homologous control IgG group ((11.815±2.623)%), all P<0.01. In high fat diet+ anti-β(2)GPⅠ antibody group, the area of carotid plaque was (3.121±0.124)×10(4) μm(2,) it was also significantly higher than normal diet group ((0.094±0.015)×10(4) μm(2)), high fat diet control group ((1.309±0.147)×10(4) μm(2)) and high fat diet+ homologous control IgG group ((1.027±0.228)×10(4)μm(2)), all P<0.01. Conclusion: Anti-β(2)GPⅠ antibody can promote atherosclerotic plaque formation in high fat diet fed ApoE deficient mice.