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Hoffmann C, Ruf-Ballauf W. [Psychosomatic rehabilitation of in-patients with somatoform disorders and of patients with social-medically relevant problems: results of a two-year follow-up]. REHABILITATION 2008; 46:283-95. [PMID: 17955396 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The success of psychosomatic rehabilitation based on psychoanalytical therapy was analyzed within the framework of a two-year follow-up in patients with somatoform disorders and in patients with social-medically relevant problems, who had been on sick leave for more than six months. Both groups of patients are often considered to be difficult. They were compared with patients of other diagnostic categories and with patients with shorter periods of sick leave. All in all, the physical and mental state of health showed lasting improvement, and demands on the health service and frequency of days off sick decreased. Patients with somatoform disorders partly proved to be more seriously affected at the time of admission, treatment outcomes, however, were to a great extent comparable to patients of other diagnostic categories. Patients who had been on sick leave for more than six months were found to have been more seriously affected at the time of admission and also to have been unable to benefit from rehabilitation to the same degree as those with shorter periods of sick leave. The success of rehabilitation does not seem to depend so much on diagnostic categories but rather on the duration of disablement. In cases of inability to work a specific treatment that pays greater attention to the somatic concept of illness as well as the low level of motivation for psychotherapy in this patient group could lead to better treatment outcomes.
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Jäger K, Schoon HA, Ellenberger C, Bartmann CP, Rass J, Bazer FW, Klug J, Allen WR, Hoppen HO, Hoffmann C. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings during the sexual cycle in female mules and effects of long-term Regumate® administration. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2008. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20080110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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203
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Hoffmann C, Köhler C, Stelzer J, Hanefeld M. Vergleich der Parameter der Blutzuckerexkursion nach einer Testmahlzeit bei Typ-2-Diabetikern unter Glargin- vs. Metformin-Monotherapie bei normnahnen HbA1C-Werten. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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204
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Hoffmann C, Eiden M, Gretzschel A, Ziegler U, Groschup M, Buschmann A. Übertragbare spongiforme Enzephalopathien bei Tieren – ein Update. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1624592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungScrapie bei Schafen und Ziegen ist seit mehr als 250 Jahren bekannt. Dennoch rückte die Gruppe der transmissiblen spongiformen Enzephalopathien (TSE) erst nach dem Auftreten der bovinen spongiformen Enzephalopathie (BSE) im Vereinigten Königreich Ende der 1980er Jahre und dem einige Jahre später geführten Nachweis der übertragbarkeit des BSE-Erregers auf den Menschen in den 1990er Jahren vermehrt in das wissenschaftliche und öffentliche Interesse.Weltweit wurden mehr als 180000 BSE-Fälle bei Rindern diagnostiziert, davon die überwiegende Zahl im Vereinigten Königreich. Diese massive Infektion von Tieren mit dem BSE-Erreger erfolgte durch die unzureichende Inaktivierung und Verfütterung kontaminierter Futtermittel tierischen Ursprungs. Angesichts der seit 2001 zurückgehenden Zahl von BSE-Fällen in der gesamten EU und seit 2002 auch in Deutschland scheint das BSE-Geschehen bei Rindern heute unter Kontrolle. Anders verhält es sich mit den Scrapie-Fällen bei kleinen Wiederkäuern, deren endemische Verbreitung in den meisten EU-Mitgliedsstaaten durch die Einführung eines aktiven überwachungsprogramms aufgedeckt wurde. Dieses Programm führte auch zur Feststellung so genannter atypischer Scrapiefälle. Atypische Scrapie-Ausbrüche wurden bis dato in fast allen EU-Mitgliedsstaaten und zahlenmäßig häufiger als klassische Scrapie-Ausbrüche diagnostiziert. Daneben wurden mittlerweile auch zwei weitere BSE-Typen gefunden, die sich von den vom Vereinigten Königreich ausgangenen Fällen unterscheiden. Dieser Artikel fasst die aktuellen Erkenntnisse zur Epidemiologie, Pathogenese und Diagnostik von Scrapie und BSE zusammen.
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Bilz S, Köhler C, Hoffmann C, Ott P, Schoner C, Hanefeld M. Einfluss von zwei Kostformen zur Gewichtsreduktion auf den 72-Stunden-Blutzuckerverlauf (CGMS) bei Typ-2-Diabetikern (T2DM). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Koch F, Vietze A, Hoffmann C, Linder A, Dombrowski F, Hosten N. Das Isolierte Humane Lungenperfusionsmodell (IHLP): Ein ex-vivo-Modell zur Überprüfung der Wirksamkeit von interventionell-radiologischen Methoden beim Bronchialkarzinom am Beispiel der LITT. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1073935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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207
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Bader D, Datz H, Bartal G, Juster AA, Marks K, Smolkin T, Zangen S, Kugelman A, Hoffmann C, Shani G, Ben-Shlomo A, Margaliot M, Sadetzki S. Unintentional exposure of neonates to conventional radiography in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units. J Perinatol 2007; 27:579-85. [PMID: 17625572 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the extent of unintentional exposure to X-rays performed during routine diagnostic procedures in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). STUDY DESIGN During a 1-month period, 157 consecutive neonates from five level-III NICUs were recruited for this study. The mean birth weight was 1747+/-911 g (range: 564-4080 g), and gestational age was 31.6+/-3.6 weeks (range: 24-41 weeks). A total of 500 radiographs were performed including chest (68%), abdomen (17%) and combined chest and abdomen (15%). The average number of radiographs taken per infant was 4.2+/-3.6 (range: 1-21). Unintentional inclusion of body regions other than those ordered was determined by comparing the areas that should be included in the radiation field according to International recommendations, to those that appeared in the actual radiograph. RESULT A comparison of the recommended borders to the actual boundaries of the radiographs taken show an additional exposure to radiation in all three procedures: 85% of chest radiographs also included the whole abdomen, 64% of abdomen radiographs included both thigh and upper chest and 62% of chest and abdomen radiograph included the thigh. (The range in all procedures was from ankle to upper head.) Between 2 and 20% of the relevant targeted body tissues were not included in the exposed fields resulting in missing data. The gonads of both sexes were exposed in 7% in all chest X-rays. Among male infants, the testes were exposed in 31% of plain abdomen radiographs and 34% of chest and abdomen radiographs. CONCLUSION In the NICUs participating in the study, neonates are currently being exposed to X-ray radiation in nonrelevant body regions. Higher awareness and training of the medical teams and radiographers are required to minimize unnecessary exposure of newborns to ionizing radiation.
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Graf J, Michaelsen C, Hoffmann C. Experiences with a high-brilliance microfocus sealed tube. Acta Crystallogr A 2007. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767307094342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hoffmann C. Examples of magnetic material studies using polarized polychromatic neutrons. Acta Crystallogr A 2007. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767307094093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Wasmuth JC, Lambertz I, Voigt E, Vogel M, Hoffmann C, Burger D, Rockstroh JK. Maintenance of indinavir by dose adjustment in HIV-1-infected patients with indinavir-related toxicity. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 63:901-8. [PMID: 17690876 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-007-0343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment with indinavir/ritonavir (IDV/RTV) is very effective but hampered by frequent development of IDV-associated adverse events (mainly nephrotoxicity and skin changes). We tested whether dose reduction of IDV guided by therapeutic drug monitoring resulted in improved tolerability without compromising antiviral efficacy. PATIENTS HIV-infected patients with any IDV/RTV regimen who suffer from IDV-related adverse events were included. Viral load had to be adequately controlled for at least 2 months prior to inclusion. Dose reduction from 800 mg to 600 or 400 mg IDV b.i.d. followed a specified protocol. IDV-related toxicity and IDV plasma concentrations were monitored for 24 weeks. IDV concentrations were quantified with a validated high performance liquid chromatography method. RESULTS Twenty patients were included. Reasons for inclusion were: skin abnormalities 11, nephrotoxicity five, metabolic disturbances three, and hypertension one. IDV dose could be lowered to 400 mg b.i.d. in 13, to 600 mg b.i.d. in two patients. Five patients discontinued the treatment. Overall tolerability improved with respect to incidence and severity of adverse events. Median trough concentrations decreased from 1.02 mg/l (range 0.08-7.1) at baseline to 0.48 mg/l (0.11-1.4) after 24 weeks (p = 0.03) and remained above the critical threshold of 0.1 mg/l at any time after dose reduction. There was no change of CD4 cell counts or viral suppression. There were no significant changes in other laboratory parameters (creatinine, bilirubin, triglycerides, cholesterol, blood count, and urinalysis). CONCLUSION Dose reduction of IDV improved tolerability of IDV-containing highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). Sufficient IDV trough concentrations were maintained in all patients as was virologic control.
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Hoffmann AC, Hoffmann C, Danenberg KD, Lenz HJ, Danenberg PV. Heparanase and Survivin—potential markers of aggressiveness of colon cancers. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
14524 Background: Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis and specifically expressed in several human cancers. Heparanase seems to play an important role in cancer metastasis, angiogenesis and regulation of COX-2 expression. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate whether there is a difference in the level of survivin and heparanase expression in paraffin-embedded tissue from patients with colon cancer with and without metastasis. Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissue samples were obtained from 32 patients with primary colon tumors with (n = 15) and without liver metastases (n = 17) at the time of diagnosis. After laser capture microdissection direct quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR, TaqMan™) assays were performed in triplicates to determine survivin and heparanase gene expression levels. Gene expression was normalized with beta-Actin. Decision tree analysis was used to assess whether higher levels of these genes are associated with the existence of metastasis. Results: Neither survivin nor heparanase gene expression alone showed a significant relationship with the pM-Stage, although the detection levels of heparanase showed a tendency towards significant correlation with the existence of liver metastasis (p = 0.06). Decision tree analysis was used to split patients into two groups based on cut-off values of gene expression most closely associated with the pM-stage. The groupings determined by this analysis were significantly differently correlated with metastasis by Spearman’s test (p=0.03). Conclusions: Our results show that high expression levels of both survivin and heparanase in paraffin- embedded tissue are significantly correlated with the pM-Stage in this patient cohort. In conclusion, using intratumoral survivin and heparanase gene expression levels might be useful to identify patients at risk for liver metastasis. Prospective and larger clinical studies are warranted to validate our preliminary findings. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Hoffmann C, Ernst M, Meyer P, Wolf E, Rosenkranz T, Plettenberg A, Stoehr A, Horst HA, Marienfeld K, Lange C. Evolving characteristics of toxoplasmosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1: clinical course and Toxoplasma gondii-specific immune responses. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:510-5. [PMID: 17298486 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is the most important opportunistic infection of the central nervous system in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. This study evaluated the effect of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and Toxoplasma gondii-specific immune responses on the occurrence of TE. The clinical characteristics of all patients diagnosed with TE in two centres since 1990 (n = 140) were analysed. Patients were grouped according to the date of diagnosis (period 1, 1990-1993; period 2, 1994-1996; period 3, 1997 onwards). Immune responses to T. gondii were evaluated in a subgroup (n = 12) by interferon (IFN)-gamma-specific ELISPOT tests. There were marked differences in the estimated Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS), with a 1-year OS (5-year OS) of 41% (7%) in period 1, 56% (29%) in period 2, and 90% (78%) in period 3 (p <0.0001). In period 3, TE was found to be the first AIDS-defining illness more frequently than in earlier periods (74% vs. 38%, p 0.0002). Persistent neurological deficits caused by TE were present in 37% of the patients. Patients with an acute episode of TE or a TE relapse had significantly lower responses in the T. gondii-specific ELISPOT than patients who discontinued maintenance therapy and were relapse-free (p 0.0044). Survival of HIV patients with TE has improved markedly since the introduction of HAART, but persistent neurological deficits are often present in surviving patients. While preventive therapy remains essential, evaluation of T. gondii-specific immune responses may be an important step in improving estimates of the individual risk of TE and TE relapses.
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Yates SJC, Benoit A, Grémion E, Ulysse C, Camus P, Cavanna A, Durand T, Etienne B, Gennser U, Hoffmann C, Leclercq S, Jin Y. Use of quantum-point-contact high-electron-mobility-transistors for time domain multiplexing of large arrays of high impedance low temperature bolometers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:035104. [PMID: 17411214 DOI: 10.1063/1.2712912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of a multiplexing readout for an array of bolometers simplifies the electronics and wiring, so making the readout of large arrays of bolometers (>100) feasible. Here we describe a time domain multiplexing technique and its performance based on the use of quantum-point-contact high-electron-mobility-transistors as low temperature (to approximately 100 mK) switches for measuring high impedance (5...70 MOmega) resistances and sensors. The presented system is well matched to ground based millimetric astronomy demands.
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Malinger G, Kidron D, Schreiber L, Ben-Sira L, Hoffmann C, Lev D, Lerman-Sagie T. Prenatal diagnosis of malformations of cortical development by dedicated neurosonography. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2007; 29:178-91. [PMID: 17219377 DOI: 10.1002/uog.3906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are rarely diagnosed in utero. We describe and compare the ultrasonographic and pathology findings in a cohort of fetuses with MCD. METHODS Fetuses with MCD were identified among all fetuses evaluated for suspected brain anomalies at the Fetal Neurology Clinic, and the ultrasonographic findings were compared with the results of the pathology examination. RESULTS We suspected the presence of MCD by ultrasonography in 23 fetuses. The mean gestational age at the time of ultrasound diagnosis was 26.2 (range, 18-40) weeks. The ultrasonographic findings leading to the diagnosis of MCD were abnormally overdeveloped gyri and sulci for gestational age (n = 7), delay in sulcation (n = 5), abnormally thin cortex (n = 5) abnormally wide and broad sulci (n = 3), bulging into the lateral ventricle (n = 1), cortical cleft (n = 1), and multiple intraparenchymal echogenic nodules (n = 1). All fetuses had associated central nervous system (CNS) and/or non-CNS anomalies. Pathology examination (performed in 17 fetuses) confirmed MCD in 16. CONCLUSIONS Cortical malformations can be diagnosed in utero by ultrasonography based on the presence of specific deviations from the normal pattern of development. The identified cases may represent the more severe forms in the MCD spectrum. The pathology findings do not always conform to the current classification systems of MCD but help in differentiating between possible genetic and acquired etiologies and in some cases provide a definitive syndromic diagnosis.
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Stanke J, Hoffmann C, Salzmann S, Schneider A, Dürst M, Kaufmann AM. Very Few Cytolytic T Cells are Detectable by a Non-Radioactive Long Term Fluorolysis Assay in Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) from Cervical Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-952776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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216
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Hoffmann C, Kaufmann AM, Schneider A, Cichon G. Construction of an adenovirus-based vaccine for prevention and therapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-952408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Loddenkemper C, Hoffmann C, Kaufmann AM, Stein H, Schneider A, Cichon G. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma harbour highly increased numbers of Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T-cells. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-952405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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218
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Buschmann A, Gretzschel A, Biacabe AG, Schiebel K, Corona C, Hoffmann C, Eiden M, Baron T, Casalone C, Groschup MH. Atypical BSE in Germany--proof of transmissibility and biochemical characterization. Vet Microbiol 2006; 117:103-16. [PMID: 16916588 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intensive active surveillance has uncovered two atypical German BSE cases in older cattle which resemble the two different atypical BSE phenotypes that have recently been described in France (designated H-type) and Italy (designated L-type or BASE). The H-type is characterized by a significantly higher molecular size, but a conventional glycopattern of the proteinase K treated abnormal prion protein (PrP(Sc)), while the L-type PrP(Sc) has only a slightly lower molecular size and a distinctly different glycopattern. In this paper we describe the successful transmission of both German atypical BSE cases to transgenic mice overexpressing bovine PrP(C). Upon challenge with the L-type, these mice developed BSE after a substantially shorter incubation period than any classical BSE transmission using these mice to date. In contrast, the incubation period was distinctly prolonged when these mice were challenged with the H-type. PrP(Sc) accumulated in the brains of these mice were of the same atypical BSE type that had been used for the transmission. These atypical cases suggest the possible existence of sporadic BSE cases in bovines. It is thus feasible that the BSE epidemic in the UK could have also been initiated by an intraspecies transmission from a sporadic BSE case.
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Koetzle TF, Bau R, Hoffmann C, Piccoli PMB, Schultz AJ. Topaz: a single-crystal diffractometer for the spallation neutron source. Acta Crystallogr A 2006. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767306097686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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220
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Graf J, Wiesmann J, Michaelsen C, Oehr A, Hoffmann C. Multilayer optics for high brightness X-ray sources. Acta Crystallogr A 2006. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767306098114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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221
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Prusseit W, Hoffmann C, Nemetschek R, Sigl G, Handke J, Lümkemann A, Kinder H. Long length coated conductor fabrication by inclined substrate deposition and evaporation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/43/1/054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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André C, Hoffmann C, Devouge I, Leleu M, Renaud L. Secrétaires assistantes en santé travail : parties prenantes dans l’actionpluridisciplinaire. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1775-8785(06)78289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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223
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Kolenda KD, Hoffmann C. [Rehabilitation, social medical evaluation and counselling in HIV-infected patients]. REHABILITATION 2006; 45:102-9. [PMID: 16575716 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-867048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An inpatient rehabilitation programme for HIV-infected patients is described. Since the early nineties some 1,200 patients with HIV infection have been treated in our internal and orthopaedic rehabilitation clinic. Beside internal and orthopaedic diagnostics, supporting compliance with antiretroviral therapy, motivating the patients for regular moderate exercises and specific nutritional counselling are major issues of the programme. From the psychological point of view, the patients are offered to aquire relaxation and stress coping techniques, to take part in non-smoking courses and to use individual psychological counselling in case of depression or panic. In addition, all HIV-infected patients are offered individual advice on their disease and necessary changes in lifestyle. Finally, the programme includes social medical evaluation and counselling. As the majority of the patients are still working or are of working age, evaluating the capacity for work and potential introduction of occupational rehabilitation measures are prominent. Almost 70 percent of the HIV-infected patients who had been treated in our clinic over the last few years were fully capable of returning to their previous occupation. Our experiences demonstrate that statements such as rehabilitation of AIDS patients being useless because of its missing prospects of success, are not up-to-date any longer. Since introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy many patients with HIV infection are able to return to their previous occupation if they receive the necessary medical und psychosocial support.
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Hoffmann C, Gosheger G, Gebert C, Jürgens H, Winkelmann W. Functional results and quality of life after treatment of pelvic sarcomas involving the acetabulum. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006; 88:575-82. [PMID: 16510825 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.d.02488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb salvage after resection of a pelvic sarcoma that involves the acetabulum represents a surgical challenge. The ideal method of reconstruction after acetabular resection remains a subject of controversy, and the outcome in terms of the impact of therapy is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of surgery on health-related quality of life and function after acetabular resection. METHODS Eighty-one patients with a pelvic sarcoma underwent acetabular resection at a single institution. Functional evaluation and quality-of-life examination were performed in forty-five patients, and these patients comprised the study group. Quality of life was assessed with use of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer core quality-of-life questionnaire. Function was assessed with use of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society system. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 30.4 years at the time of the acetabular resection and 35.7 years at the time of follow-up. The median time interval from the index operation to the latest follow-up was sixty-nine months. At the latest follow-up evaluation, the mean functional status score was 14.5 points of a maximum of 30 points. In a comparison of endoprosthetic replacement and hip transposition following resection, significantly better functional results (p = 0.017) and a lower number of complications were found in patients who had a hip transposition. Quality-of-life assessment results were also better in patients with a hip transposition, especially in role functioning (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the low complication rate and the good functional and quality-of-life results, hip transposition after acetabular resection seems to be the optimal technique for treating patients with a pelvic sarcoma involving the acetabulum.
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Legat FJ, Krause R, Zenahlik P, Hoffmann C, Scholz S, Salmhofer W, Tscherpel J, Tscherpel T, Kerl H, Dittrich P. Penetration of piperacillin and tazobactam into inflamed soft tissue of patients with diabetic foot infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 49:4368-71. [PMID: 16189124 PMCID: PMC1251535 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.10.4368-4371.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in the extracellular space fluid of inflamed soft tissues of six patients with diabetic foot infection using in vivo microdialysis and found similar penetration for piperacillin but not for tazobactam into inflamed and noninflamed soft tissue.
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Wiesmann J, Michaelsen C, Graf J, Oehr A, Hoffmann C. State-of-the-art X-ray optics for in-house crystallography and synchrotrons. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305081845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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227
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Michaelsen C, Oehr A, Hoffmann C, Storm AB, Coetzee A. Multilayer optics for Mo radiation based X-ray crystallography. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305081833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hoffmann C, Stoica A, Schultz A, Piccoli P, Bau R, Koetzle T. Advances in neutron single crystal diffraction towards a smaller sample sizes. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305093864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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229
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Wyen C, Lehmann C, Fätkenheuer G, Hoffmann C. AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of HAART: report of two cases and review of the literature. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2005; 19:486-94. [PMID: 16124842 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2005.19.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It is caused by the JC virus (JCV), a human polyomavirus replicating in human glial cells. PML is the result of the reactivation of latent JCV infection that usually occurs in the setting of cellular immunodeficiencies such as HIV-1 infection. Epidemiologic data suggest that the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the incidence of PML is less profound than seen with other opportunistic infections. Given the lack of an effective and specific therapy for PML, HAART remains the only therapeutic option in patients with PML. However, a significant number of cases appear unresponsive to antiretroviral therapy. Moreover, there is growing data on unexpected inflammatory cases of PML after initiation of HAART. Thus, PML will remain a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV- 1-infected patients. Here we report two cases of PML, along with a concise review of the literature on this important disease.
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Lichterfeld M, Qurishi N, Hoffmann C, Hochdorfer B, Brockmeyer NH, Arasteh K, Mauss S, Rockstroh JK. Treatment of HIV-1-associated Kaposi's sarcoma with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and HAART simultaneously induces effective tumor remission and CD4+ T cell recovery. Infection 2005; 33:140-7. [PMID: 15940415 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-005-4099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and liposomal doxorubicin is a promising approach for the treatment of progressive HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Here, we determined the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of liposomal doxorubicin and HAART as a combined treatment approach for advanced KS, and assessed the impact of liposomal doxorubicin on HAART-mediated immune reconstitution and viral suppression. PATIENTS AND METHODS In an uncontrolled observational trial, KS treatment responses were assessed in 54 HIV-1-infected patients with advanced KS according to ACTG criteria. Immunological and virological treatment responses were compared to 54 non-KS-affected HIV-1 patients who were individually matched to the study participants according to sex, age (+/- 5 years), CD4+ T cell count (+/- 25%), HIV RNA load (+/- 25%) and previous antiretroviral therapy exposure. RESULTS In 81.5% of the study patients, complete or partial responses were observed within a median of 8 weeks. Treatment-related side effects were predominantly confined to leukopenia (44.4% of patients) and mild-to-moderate liver enzyme elevation (22.3% of patients). Relative CD4+ T cell counts increased to a similar degree both in study patients and matched pairs (7% vs 6%, respectively), yet, absolute CD4+ T cell counts augmented considerably stronger in chemotherapy-naive matched pairs than in the study patients. CONCLUSION The simultaneous administration of HAART and liposomal doxorubicin is a safe and effective treatment approach for advanced KS and HAART-mediated recovery of relative CD4+ T cell counts does not seem to be impaired by concomitant treatment with liposomal doxorubicin.
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Lewinski MK, Bisgrove D, Shinn P, Chen H, Hoffmann C, Hannenhalli S, Verdin E, Berry CC, Ecker JR, Bushman FD. Genome-wide analysis of chromosomal features repressing human immunodeficiency virus transcription. J Virol 2005; 79:6610-9. [PMID: 15890899 PMCID: PMC1112149 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.11.6610-6619.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated regulatory sequences in noncoding human DNA that are associated with repression of an integrated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) promoter. HIV-1 integration results in the formation of precise and homogeneous junctions between viral and host DNA, but integration takes place at many locations. Thus, the variation in HIV-1 gene expression at different integration sites reports the activity of regulatory sequences at nearby chromosomal positions. Negative regulation of HIV transcription is of particular interest because of its association with maintaining HIV in a latent state in cells from infected patients. To identify chromosomal regulators of HIV transcription, we infected Jurkat T cells with an HIV-based vector transducing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and separated cells into populations containing well-expressed (GFP-positive) or poorly expressed (GFP-negative) proviruses. We then determined the chromosomal locations of the two classes by sequencing 971 junctions between viral and cellular DNA. Possible effects of endogenous cellular transcription were characterized by transcriptional profiling. Low-level GFP expression correlated with integration in (i) gene deserts, (ii) centromeric heterochromatin, and (iii) very highly expressed cellular genes. These data provide a genome-wide picture of chromosomal features that repress transcription and suggest models for transcriptional latency in cells from HIV-infected patients.
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Hoffmann C, Schrader C, Janssen D, Wolf E, Parwaresch R, Vierbuchen M, Ernestus K, Horst HA, Fatkenheuer G, Tiemann M. AIDS-related B-cell lymphoma: Outcome correlates with differentiation profiles assessed by immunophenotyping. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.6579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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233
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Hoffmann C, Müller-Goymann CC. Use of artificial skin constructs in permeation studies of clindamycin phosphate. DIE PHARMAZIE 2005; 60:350-3. [PMID: 15918584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Penetration and permeation of topically applied substances may be studied in vitro either by using excised human and animal skin or with a 3-dimensional artificial skin construct (ASC). In the present study, ASC consisting of dermal and epidermal layers were cultivated with human dermal fibroblasts and spontaneously transformed human epidermal cells from the HaCaT-cell line. For comparative purposes the permeation barrier of ASC was also evaluated using a commercial skin model (AST-2000). Higher drug permeabilities were achieved with ASC in comparison with excised human stratum corneum (EHSC). The factors between permeation coefficients of ASC and EHSC depend on the respective drugs and also on different types of the formulation. Due to higher permeation coefficients obtained, the running time of the experiments could be reduced in the case of ASC. A further advantage of ASC is the independency of skin donations. Additionally, cultivation of ASC for the use in permeation studies is possible in advance, because storage conditions under nitrogen freezing do not affect ASC quality negatively.
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Vogel M, Bieniek B, Jessen H, Schewe CK, Hoffmann C, Baumgarten A, Kroidl A, Bogner JR, Spengler U, Rockstroh JK. Treatment of acute hepatitis C infection in HIV-infected patients: a retrospective analysis of eleven cases. J Viral Hepat 2005; 12:207-11. [PMID: 15720537 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2005.00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Studies on hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfected patients suggest high sustained treatment response rates of up to 98% when interferon monotherapy is administered during the acute phase of HCV-infection. To clarify whether early treatment of acute hepatitis C is similarly efficient in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients, we conducted a retrospective survey of HIV-positive patients with acute HCV infection. Eleven HIV-positive patients who had been treated with interferon or interferon/ribavirin were identified at eight HIV-specialty outpatient clinics. The patients had been treated over a median 25 weeks with standard interferon (two patients), pegylated interferon (four patients) and pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin (five patients). A post-treatment response (negative serum HCV-RNA at the end of treatment) was seen in 10 of 11 patients and HCV-RNA remained undetectable 24 weeks after the end of treatment in all the 10 responders. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalized in eight patients while two virological responders and one nonresponder showed persistent mild ALT elevations. In conclusion, early treatment of acute hepatitis C seems to achieve high sustained virological treatment response rates also in patients with HIV-infection.
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Hardes J, Gosheger G, Vachtsevanos L, Hoffmann C, Ahrens H, Winkelmann W. Rotationplasty type BI versus type BIIIa in children under the age of ten years. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 87:395-400. [PMID: 15773652 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.87b3.14793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Type BI rotationplasty is currently indicated for children with tumours of the proximal femur whereas type BIIIa rotationplasty is reserved for those in which the entire femur has to be removed. Our aim was to compare these two types of rotationplasty and determine whether the knee should be preserved in children with tumours of the proximal femur. We compared the post-operative complications, oncological outcome, range of movement, Enneking score and radiographs of six children, who had undergone type BI rotationplasty with those of 12 who had undergone type BIIIa rotationplasty. Patients with type BI rotationplasty had a mean Enneking score of 21.6 compared with 24.4 in those with type BIIIa rotationplasty, and worse mean results in all of the parameters investigated. We conclude that type BI rotationplasty has a worse functional outcome and more complications than type BIIIa rotationplasty in children under the age of ten years.
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Wolf E, Hoffmann C, Procaccianti M, Mosthaf F, Gersbacher E, Ulmer A, Karwat M, Brust J, Schuster D, Jaegel-Guedes E, Jaeger H. Long-term consequences of treatment interruptions in chronically HIV-1-infected patients. Eur J Med Res 2005; 10:56-62. [PMID: 15817423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term effects of antiretroviral treatment (ART) interruptions on metabolic, immunological, virological and clinical outcomes in chronically HIV-1 infected patients. METHODS Multi-centric, prospective, controlled 24-month cohort study in HIV-1 infected patients interrupting ART once or several times and for at least two weeks. Patients were compared to a frequency-matched control group continuing on ART. RESULTS A total of 399 HIV-1 infected patients were included, among them 133 patients with treatment interruption (TI) and 266 control patients. Baseline characteristics were well matched. Median baseline CD4 cell count was 379/microl in TI-patients and 410/microl in control patients (p = ns). Median duration of the first TI was 1.1 months, and 37 % of patients had two or further TI's. Whereas CD4 cell count in control patients had increased significantly by a median of 67/microl at month 24 (p<0.0001), median CD4 cell count at month 24 in the TI-patients did not differ significantly from baseline. However, two-year AIDS-free survival was not significantly different between TI- and control patients. Liver enzymes and blood lipids improved significantly during TI. CONCLUSION TI was associated with a significant immunological disadvantage at 24-month follow-up compared to continued ART. In this relatively immunocompetent cohort, however, TI's did not lead to an increased risk of disease progression within two years of follow-up.
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Hoffmann C, Marjanek Z, Kisvarga Z. Crit Care 2005; 9:P286. [DOI: 10.1186/cc3349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Lehmann C, Wyen C, Hoffmann C, Fätkenheuer G. Successful administration of aggressive chemotherapy concomitant to tuberculostatic and highly active antiretroviral therapy in a patient with AIDS-related Burkitt's lymphoma. HIV Med 2005; 6:51-3. [PMID: 15670254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2005.00262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of AIDS-related malignant lymphoma (ARL) remains a therapeutic challenge. There are concerns not only about infectious and haematological complications in HIV-infected patients during intensive chemotherapy, but also about potential interactions between chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Current data on patients treated concomitantly with intensive chemotherapy and HAART are limited, and no data exist on patients with ARL suffering from active opportunistic infections. We report the case of a 38-year-old man with advanced HIV-1 infection, pulmonary tuberculosis and Burkitt's lymphoma. Intensive chemotherapy was administered in parallel with tuberculostatic therapy and HAART. Six months later, the patient achieved not only a complete remission of Burkitt's lymphoma and sustained viral suppression, but also a full recovery from tuberculosis. This case report provides some useful observations on the successful application of intensive chemotherapy in addition to tuberculostatic therapy and HAART in HIV-infected patients.
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Erbs P, Findeli A, Cordier P, Kintz J, Hoffmann C, Dott K, Calenda V, Balloul J. 576 MVA-FCU1: a highly potent gene-based chemotherapy providing 5-FU local delivery. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)80584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Dalcin PTR, Piovesan DM, Kang S, Fernandes AK, Franciscatto E, Millan T, Hoffmann C, Innocente C, Pereira RP, Menna Barreto SS. Factors associated with emergency department visits due to acute asthma. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004; 37:1331-8. [PMID: 15334198 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2004000900007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to identify characteristics related to poor disease control and frequent visits to the emergency department (ED). The objective of the present study was to compare the characteristics of patients attending the adult ED for treatment of asthma exacerbation with those attending an asthma specialist clinic (AC) in the same hospital, and to determine the factors associated with frequent visits to the ED. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of consecutive patients (12 years and older) attending the ED (N = 86) and the AC (N = 86). Significantly more ED patients than AC patients reported ED visits in the past year (95.3 vs 48.8%; P < 0.001) and had difficulty performing work (81.4 vs 49.4%; P < 0.001. Significantly more AC than ED patents had been treated with inhaled corticosteroids (75.6 vs 18.6%; P < 0.001) used to increase or start steroid therapy when an attack was perceived (46.5 vs 20.9%; P < 0.001) and correctly used a metered-dose inhaler (50.0 vs 11.6%; P < 0.001). The history of hospital admissions (odds ratio, OR, 4.00) and use of inhaled corticosteroids (OR, 0.27) were associated with frequent visits to the ED. In conclusion, ED patients were more likely than AC patients to be dependent on the acute use of the ED, were significantly less knowledgeable about asthma management and were more likely to suffer more severe disease. ED patients should be considered an important target for asthma education. Facilitating the access to ambulatory care facilities might serve to reduce asthma morbidity.
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Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton of mammalian cells is involved in many processes that affect the growth and colonization of bacteria, such as migration of immune cells, phagocytosis by macrophages, secretion of cytokines, maintenance of epithelial barrier functions and others. With respect to these functions, it is not surprising that many bacterial protein toxins, which are important virulence factors and causative agents of human and/or animal diseases, target the actin cytoskeleton of the host. Some toxins target actin directly, such as the C2 toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. Moreover, bacterial toxins target the cytoskeleton indirectly by modifying actin regulators such as the low-molecular-mass guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins of the Rho family. Remarkably, toxins affect these GTPases in a bidirectional manner. Some toxins inhibit and some activate the GTPases. Here we review the Rho-activating toxins CNF1 and CNF2 (cytotoxic necrotizing factors) from Escherichia coli, the Yersinia CNF(Y) and the dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) from Bordetella species. We describe and compare their uptake into mammalian cells, mode of action, structure-function relationship, substrate specificity and role in diseases.
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Hoffmann C, Leitz MR, Oberdorf-Maass S, Lohse MJ, Klotz KN. Comparative pharmacology of human beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes--characterization of stably transfected receptors in CHO cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2004; 369:151-9. [PMID: 14730417 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-003-0860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/03/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although many beta1-receptor antagonists and beta2-receptor agonists have been used in pharmacotherapy for many years their pharmacological properties at all three known subtypes of beta-adrenergic receptors are not always well characterized. The aim of this study was, therefore, to provide comparative binding characteristics of agonists (epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol, fenoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol, terbutalin, formoterol, broxaterol) and antagonists (propranolol, alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol, pindolol, BRL 37344, CGP 20712, SR 59230A, CGP 12177, ICI 118551) at all three subtypes of human beta-adrenergic receptors in an identical cellular background. We generated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing the three beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes at comparable levels. We characterized these receptor subtypes and analyzed the affinity of routinely used drugs as well as experimental compounds in competition binding studies, using the non-selective antagonist 125I-cyanopindolol as a radioligand. Furthermore, we analyzed the beta-receptor-mediated adenylyl cyclase activity in isolated membranes from these cell lines. The results from our experiments show that all compounds exhibit distinct patterns of selectivity and activity at the three beta-receptor subtypes. In particular, a number of beta2- or beta3-receptor agonists that are inverse agonists at the other subtypes were identified. In addition, beta1-receptor antagonists with agonistic activity at beta2- and beta3-receptors were found. These specific mixtures of agonism, antagonism, and inverse agonism at different subtypes may have important implications for the therapeutic use of the respective compounds.
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Jacobson KA, Hoffmann C, Cattabeni F, Abbracchio MP. Adenosine-induced cell death: evidence for receptor-mediated signalling. Apoptosis 2004; 4:197-211. [PMID: 14634282 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009666707307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine modulates the proliferation, survival and apoptosis of many different cell types, ranging from epithelial, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, to cells of the immune and neural lineages. In this review, we critically discuss the available in vitro and in vivo data which support a role for adenosine in both development-associated apoptosis, and in diseases characterized by either pathologically increased cell death (e.g., ischemia, trauma and aging-associated neurodegeneration) or abnormally reduced spontaneous apoptosis (e.g., cancer). Particular emphasis is given to the possible role of extracellular adenosine receptors, since these may represent novel and attractive molecular targets for the pharmacological modulation of apoptosis. In some instances, adenosine-induced cell death has been demonstrated to require entry of the nucleoside inside cells; however, in many other cases, activation of specific adenosine extracellular receptors has been demonstrated. Of the four G protein-coupled adenosine receptors so far identified, the A2A and the A3 receptors have been specifically implicated in modulation of cell death. For the A3 receptor, results obtained by exposing both cardiomyocytes and brain astrocytes to graded concentrations of selective agonists suggest induction of both cell protection and cell death. Such opposite effects, which likely depend on the degree of receptor activation, may have important therapeutic implications in the pharmacological modulation of cardiac and brain ischemia. For the A2A receptor, recent intriguing data suggest a specific role in immune cell death and immunosuppression, which may be relevant to both adenosine-deaminase-immunodeficiency syndrome (a pathology characterized by accumulation of adenosine to toxic levels) and in tumors where induction of apoptosis via activation of specific extracellular receptors may be desirable. Finally, preliminary data suggest that, in a similar way to the adenosine-deaminase-immunodeficiency syndrome, the abnormal accumulation of adenosine in degenerative muscular diseases may contribute to muscle cell death. Although the role of adenosine receptors in this effect still remains to be determined, these data suggest that adenosine-induced apoptosis may also represent a novel pathogenic pathway in muscular dystrophies.
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Hoffmann C, Popescu V, Kilic S, Sozen M. Modeling, simulation, and visualization: the pentagon on september 11th. Comput Sci Eng 2004. [DOI: 10.1109/mcise.2004.1255821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Erbs P, Findeli A, Cordier P, Hoffmann C, Dott K, Balloul J. 968 FCU1: a highly potent suicide gene therapy based on 5-FU. EJC Suppl 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(03)90995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Hillmann A, Hoffmann C, Gosheger G, Rödl R, Winkelmann W, Ozaki T. Tumors of the pelvis: complications after reconstruction. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2003; 123:340-4. [PMID: 12838435 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-003-0543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2002] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complications after pelvic sarcoma surgery are frequent; however, the reports on complications are limited. Results of the authors' experience with 110 primary pelvic tumor resections and methods to achieve low complication rates for pelvic reconstruction are reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 1982 to 1996, 110 patients with pelvic sarcoma (42 Ewing sarcomas, 40 chondrosarcomas, 21 osteosarcomas, and 7 other malignant tumors) underwent surgery. Sixteen patients underwent implantation of a hemipelvic megaprosthesis, 13 patients had implantation of an allograft for sacroiliac arthrodesis, 12 patients had implantation of an autograft for sacroiliac arthrodesis, and 17 patients underwent hip transposition. There were 9 hindquarter amputations, 6 implantations of allograft and total hip endoprosthesis, 1 implantation of prosthesis with autograft, and 1 implantation of allograft and autograft. No skeletal reconstruction was done in 35 patients. RESULTS Postoperative function was as follows: 37% in patients with prosthesis, 60% in allograft, 66% in autograft, 66% in hip transposition, 37% in amputation, and 79% without reconstruction. In total, 10/16 patients with prosthetic replacement, 9/13 with allograft implantation, 4/12 with autograft implantation, 7/17 with hip transposition, 5/9 with amputation, 6/6 with prosthesis and allograft, and 12/35 without skeletal reconstruction had complications. Frequent complications depending on the reconstruction were infection in 6/10 prostheses and in 5/13 allografts, leg length discrepancy in 2/12 autografts and 4/17 hip transpositions, hematoma in 3/9 amputations, and infection (6) and skin problems (5) in 6 prostheses with allograft. CONCLUSION Because of the small number of complications and good function, autograft implantation after iliac resection and hip transposition after acetabular resection are advisable.
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Hoffmann C, Horst HA, Albrecht H, Schlote W. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy with unusual inflammatory response during antiretroviral treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 74:1142-4. [PMID: 12876257 PMCID: PMC1738598 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.74.8.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A case of biopsy verified progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) in an HIV patient is presented. Imaging and histological examination confirmed remarkable inflammatory activity accompanied by an unusually benign clinical course despite no clear evidence of immune reconstitution after the start of antiretroviral treatment. This case not only raises several questions regarding the pathophysiology of PML, but gives also evidence that AIDS associated inflammatory PML must be considered another clinical entity in the expanding range of diseases now commonly referred to as the immune reconstitution syndrome.
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Ronacher B, Hoffmann C. Influence of amplitude modulated noise on the recognition of communication signals in the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2003; 189:419-25. [PMID: 12750937 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-003-0417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2002] [Revised: 03/12/2003] [Accepted: 03/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The detection of acoustic communication signals in the presence of sinusoidally amplitude modulated noise was investigated in males of the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus. The auditory system of grasshoppers exhibits only poor spectral resolution. Hence, these animals are ideally suited to investigate noise tolerance in a system operating in the temporal domain. As a sensitive indicator for signal recognition the conspicuous phonotactic turning responses of males were recorded. The main result was that noise modulated at low frequencies (1.5-5 Hz) did not impair recognition compared to a unmodulated noise. With long stimuli even a moderate improvement of noise tolerance was observed, an effect that can probably be attributed to the existence of long troughs at low modulation frequencies during which the masking of the signal was reduced. Higher modulation frequencies (15-150 Hz), however, rendered detection and recognition increasingly difficult, due to a strong interference of the sound pulses of the masking noise with the syllable-pause structure of the species-specific signals. There are no indications for the operation of mechanisms analogous to comodulation masking release as found in vertebrates, nor for a spatial release from masking.
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Cichon G, Boeckh-Herwig S, Kuemin D, Hoffmann C, Schmidt HH, Wehnes E, Haensch W, Schneider U, Eckhardt U, Burger R, Pring-Akerblom P. Titer determination of Ad5 in blood: a cautionary note. Gene Ther 2003; 10:1012-7. [PMID: 12776158 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adenoviruses are presently the most efficient in vivo gene transfer system available. Targeting single organs or large tumors by adenoviral vectors requires an intravascular route of application. During the first pass of viral particles through the vascular bed of the target tissue, virus uptake is not quantitative and indefinite amounts of particles leak into circulation. To determine the amount of leaking particles and to calculate organ-specific uptake (in-/outflow ratio), it is necessary to titrate virus particles directly in blood. In preclinical and clinical trials titration is currently mostly done with blood plasma instead of full blood. However, this technique provides valid results only as long as there is no affinity between adenovirus particles and erythrocytes. In this study we demonstrate that Ad5 particles, as mostly employed for gene therapy, have a strong affinity to human erythrocytes. At 60 min after coincubation of human erythrocytes and Ad5 particles, more than 98% of the particles are attached to the surface of erythrocytes. Therefore, ignoring the amount of red cell bound particles by performing titration in plasma leads to severe miscalculation of organ-specific transfer rates or virus circulation half-life. The biological impact of an increased affinity between virus particles and erythrocytes will be discussed.
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Hoffmann C, Sales D, Christofi N. Combination ecotoxicity and testing of common chemical discharges to sewer using the Vibrio fischeri luminescence bioassay. Int Microbiol 2003; 6:41-7. [PMID: 12730711 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-003-0099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2002] [Accepted: 11/07/2002] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate possible synergistic or antagonistic (more or less than additive) toxicity effects, mixtures of chemicals were tested in water using a microbial bioassay. Ten toxicants (3,4-dichloroaniline, 3,5-dichlorophenol, cadmium, chromium, copper, Lindane, linear alkylbenzene sulphonate, pentachlorophenol, toluene, zinc) were chosen on the basis of their common occurrence in industrial effluents within local waste water treatment plants. These toxicants also cover a wide range of modes of toxic action, namely, polar and non-polar narcosis, membrane disruption, respiratory disruption, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, biochemical disruption and enzyme inhibition. Efficient screening for possible combination toxicity between toxicants involved testing the chemicals both singly and in triplet combinations. The triplets were based on four replicates of a balanced incomplete block design (BIB). A standardised Vibrio fischeri rapid toxicity bioluminescence assay was used. The combinations tested showed that only one mixture was found to be significantly more toxic than expected from the pure single-toxicant results. Two triplets were significantly less toxic. Further tests on the more toxic triplet showed that the effect was due to only one of the 45 pairs originally screened. It is concluded that synergistic effects in combinations of toxicants are rather rare in bioluminescence systems utilising common effluents discharged to sewer.
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