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Moldovan M, Gibbons J, Chu C, Parker B. SU-FF-T-183: Helical Tomotherapy Treatment Plan Optimization for Superficial Chest Wall Irradiation Incorporating Intrafractional Motion. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Moldovan M, Gibbons J, Chu C, Parker B. SU-FF-T-616: Influence of Respiratory Motion On Helical Tomotherapy Treatment Planning for Chest Wall Irradiation. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Chu C, Abbara C, Noël-Hudson MS, Thomas-Bourgneuf L, Gonin P, Farinotti R, Bonhomme-Faivre L. Disposition of everolimus in mdr1a-/1b- mice and after a pre-treatment of lapatinib in Swiss mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:1629-34. [PMID: 19426700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to document the in vivo transport of everolimus (inhibitor of mTOR) by P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and to investigate the influence of lapatinib (inhibitor of P-gp) on everolimus disposition. Pharmacokinetics of everolimus (0.25mg/kg) has been investigated after oral administration in mdr1a-/1b- mice compared to the wild type. Also, everolimus pharmacokinetics was characterized after oral administration on Swiss mice either alone or after 2 days of pre-treatment of lapatinib (200mg/kg). The influence of lapatinib pre-treatment on intestinal P-gp expression was investigated by Western blot analysis. The non-compartimental analysis was performed using Winonlin professional version 4.1 software (Pharsight, Mountain View, CA). The areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were compared using Bailer's method. A significant 1.3-fold increase of everolimus AUC observed in mdr1a-/1b- mice suggested that everolimus is transported in vivo by intestinal P-gp in mice. In addition, a 2.6-fold significant increase of everolimus AUC with lapatinib pre-treatment as compared with the everolimus alone group was noticed. The elimination half-life was comparable (t(1/2)=5.3h vs. t(1/2)=4h). A 38.5% significant decrease of P-gp expression was observed in duodenum segment in lapatinib pre-treated group as compared with control group. In conclusion, lapatinib enhanced everolimus absorption by decreasing intestinal P-gp expression. An inhibition of CYP 450 could not be excluded. These results confirm the necessity of a therapeutic monitoring of everolimus combined with an inhibitor of the P-gp and CYP 450 like lapatinib in a future anti-tumor treatment.
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Klöppel S, Chu C, Tan GC, Draganski B, Johnson H, Paulsen JS, Kienzle W, Tabrizi SJ, Ashburner J, Frackowiak RSJ. Automatic detection of preclinical neurodegeneration: presymptomatic Huntington disease. Neurology 2009; 72:426-31. [PMID: 19188573 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000341768.28646.b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is likely to be most beneficial in the very early, possibly preclinical stages of degeneration. We explored the usefulness of fully automatic structural MRI classification methods for detecting subtle degenerative change. The availability of a definitive genetic test for Huntington disease (HD) provides an excellent metric for judging the performance of such methods in gene mutation carriers who are free of symptoms. METHODS Using the gray matter segment of MRI scans, this study explored the usefulness of a multivariate support vector machine to automatically identify presymptomatic HD gene mutation carriers (PSCs) in the absence of any a priori information. A multicenter data set of 96 PSCs and 95 age- and sex-matched controls was studied. The PSC group was subclassified into three groups based on time from predicted clinical onset, an estimate that is a function of DNA mutation size and age. RESULTS Subjects with at least a 33% chance of developing unequivocal signs of HD in 5 years were correctly assigned to the PSC group 69% of the time. Accuracy improved to 83% when regions affected by the disease were selected a priori for analysis. Performance was at chance when the probability of developing symptoms in 5 years was less than 10%. CONCLUSIONS Presymptomatic Huntington disease gene mutation carriers close to estimated diagnostic onset were successfully separated from controls on the basis of single anatomic scans, without additional a priori information. Prior information is required to allow separation when degenerative changes are either subtle or variable.
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Jyonouchi H, Chu C, Geng L, Yin Z, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P. Age-dependent Changes In Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cell Subsets In Normal Children And Children With Antibody Deficiency Syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen KL, Weng BC, Chang MT, Liao YH, Chen TT, Chu C. Direct enhancement of the phagocytic and bactericidal capability of abdominal macrophage of chicks by beta-1,3-1,6-glucan. Poult Sci 2008; 87:2242-9. [PMID: 18931174 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is the major zoonotic and intracellular pathogen. Different strategies have been developed to prevent the S. Enteritidis infection. The beta-1,3-1,6-glucan of Schizophyllum commune was used as an immunological booster to determine the minimal dietary level of beta-glucan that would restrict S. Enteritidis infection through the effects of beta-glucan on the activity of macrophages and direct physical protection of the intestine. One-day-old male Single Comb White Leghorn chicks were used in all trials. In trials 1 and 2, the 0.1% beta-1,3-1,6-glucan treatment completely eliminated the viable S. Enteritidis from spleen and liver in an oral challenge of 10(8) S. Enteritidis without any harmful effect on BW, serum proteins, and immunoglobulin. Instead of a 21-d feeding period of beta-glucan, a 14-d treatment was enough to eliminate the S. Enteritidis in spleen and liver. In trial 3, an increase in the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and phytohemagglutinin-P-inducing cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity was observed (P < 0.05). In trials 2, 3, and 4, the direct or indirect effect of beta-1,3-1,6-glucan on abdominal macrophages was examined. Sterilized 3% Sephadex G-50 was injected to induce abdominal (peritoneal) phagocytes in chicks fed with or without 0.1% beta-1,3-1,6-glucan. Significantly increased phagocytic and bactericidal capability to S. Enteritidis was found in abdominal macrophages either pretreated or in vitro treated with 0.1% beta-1,3-1,6-glucan. In conclusion, in addition to the physical properties to block S. Enteritidis entrance, 0.1% dietary beta-1,3-1,6-glucan may enhance the host defense to S. Enteritidis by directly upregulating the phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of abdominal macrophages in chicks.
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Chu C, Rudant E, Bonvalet M, Zavani A, Leplat J, Pfau V, Bonhomme-Faivre L, Taillandier J, Boissonnas A, Vittecoq D, Wyplosz B. Les médicaments génériques en sortie d’hospitalisation : enquête prospective chez 85malades à l’hôpital Paul-Brousse. Rev Med Interne 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2008.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yu CY, Chu C, Chou SJ, Chao MR, Yeh CM, Lo DY, Su YC, Horng YM, Weng BC, Tsay JG, Huang KC. Comparison of the association of age with the infection of Salmonella and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Pekin ducks and Roman geese. Poult Sci 2008; 87:1544-9. [PMID: 18648047 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoid Salmonella have a broad host range in poultry and mammals, and serovar Typhimurium is a threat to public health. In this study, normal and sick ducks and geese were collected from 12 farms in Taiwan to investigate the age-associated infection of Salmonella and Salmonella Typhimurium in Roman geese (Anser anser domesticus) and Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus). In normal birds, the prevalence of Salmonella differed between species, and with age [e.g., 1-wk group, 37.5% (30/80) for ducks and 5.2% (6/116) for goslings (P < 0.05) vs. 4-wk group, 1% (1/96) for ducks and 12.1% (21/174) for geese]. Salmonella Typhimurium was identified from the visceral organs of moribund young geese suffering with colibacillosis and riemerellosis isolated from 2 goose farms (farm A and B, respectively). At farm B, 22.9% (27/118) of 4-wk geese with diarrhea were Salmonella Typhimurium-positive compared with 4.6% (8/174) of 4-wk normal geese. All Salmonella Typhimurium strains except one harbored a 94.7-kb virulence plasmid. Subcutaneous injection of Salmonella Typhimurium isolate 91NGL1 resulted in different clinical signs and pathogenesis between ducks and geese. In addition, the mean infectivity dose ratios of ducks to geese were 3.2 and 85.0 for 4- and 12-d birds, respectively, suggesting that goslings were more susceptible to Salmonella Typhimurium and resistance to Salmonella Typhimurium increased with age, especially for ducks. Therefore, Salmonella Typhimurium infection should be more common in goose farms than in duck farms, especially in the younger birds.
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Mellins C, Chu C, Malee K, Allison S, Smith R, Harris L, Higgins A, Zorrilla C, Landesman S, Serchuck L, Larussa P. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment among pregnant and postpartum HIV-infected women. AIDS Care 2008; 20:958-68. [DOI: 10.1080/09540120701767208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chao T, Wu J, Chu C, Lee C, Wey S, Liu H, Tung C. SU-GG-T-268: Use of Normoxic Polymer Gel On Dose Verification of 3.1-, 4-, 6-Mm Cones for Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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112
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Baek M, Chu C, Song O, Shin E, Park D. The association of expression level of PRL-3 mRNA and liver metastasis in primary colorectal cancer. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)71653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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113
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Hung R, McKay J, Gaborieau V, Boffetta P, Chu C, Field J, Krokan H, Vineis P, Larthrop M, Brennan P. Detecting new genes for tobacco-related cancers – genomewide association study of lung cancer. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)71421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Moldovan M, Lee T, Chu C, Hogstrom K, Fields R, Gibbons J. SU-GG-T-477: Influence of Pitch and Jaw Width On Helical Tomotherapy Head and Neck Treatment Planning. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Chen KL, Chi WT, Chu C, Chen RS, Chiou PWS. Effect of caponization and testosterone implantation on hepatic lipids and lipogenic enzymes in male chickens. Poult Sci 2007; 86:1754-9. [PMID: 17626821 DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.8.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the role and effects of testosterone in lipogenesis by measuring and analyzing the lipid composition and lipogenic enzyme activity of livers from capons treated with various doses of exogenous testosterone implant. Healthy and uniform male Single Comb White Leghorn chickens were caponized at 12 wk of age. Sixteen-week-old capons were randomly selected for a 10-wk experiment. Fifteen intact males and 15 capons were used for trial 1. In trial 2, 10 sham-operated males and 40 capons were used. The capons were randomly divided into 4 independent treatments with sialistic implants of cholesterol (1.62 mm i.d., 3.6 mm o.d., 9.24 +/- 0.36 mg; CHOL), low testosterone (1 mm i.d., 3 mm o.d., 5.88 +/- 0.23 mg), medium testosterone (1.62 mm i.d., 3.16 mm o.d., 9.81 +/- 0.17 mg), or high testosterone (2 mm i.d., 4 mm o.d., 16.7 +/- 0.24 mg). In trial 1, the results showed that caponization increased total hepatic lipid and triacylglycerol contents and decreased the nonesterified fatty acid content (P < 0.05) compared with the intact male. Meanwhile, caponization increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate -malic dehydrogenase (MDH) activity and MDH mRNA content (P = 0.09) simultaneously. In trial 2, comparing treatments with the various implantation doses of testosterone, the liver triacylglycerol content of capons the medium-dose implantation was decreased as compared with those receiving CHOL (P < 0.05). The total lipid and phospholipid contents of liver were decreased in capons receiving the high-dose implantation (P < 0.05), whereas the relative weight and nonesterified fatty acid content were increased (P < 0.05) and reached the same level as those in the sham treatment (P > 0.05). With an increased implantation dose, MDH activity of capons receiving the medium dose or higher was not different from those receiving the CHOL and sham treatments (P > 0.05). The increase in MDH activity at the transcriptional and translational levels suggests that caponization may positively regulate hepatic lipogenesis. In contract, implantation of testosterone up to the threshold concentration depressed hepatic lipogensis and lipid accumulation.
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Chao MR, Hsien CH, Yeh CM, Chou SJ, Chu C, Su YC, Yu CY. Assessing the prevalence of Salmonella enterica in poultry hatcheries by using hatched eggshell membranes. Poult Sci 2007; 86:1651-5. [PMID: 17626809 DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.8.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica causes a number of significant poultry diseases and is also a major pathogen in humans. Most poultry infected by Salmonella become carriers; infection may also be fatal, depending on the particular serovar and the age of the bird at infection. Younger birds are more susceptible to infection by Salmonella, so it is critical that hatcheries monitor birds. We developed a method to use hatched eggshell membranes (HEM) to assess contamination by Salmonella in poultry hatching cabinets and to evaluate the prevalence of Salmonella in a goose hatchery and rearing farm. Comparison of the Salmonella isolation rate in hatching cabinets using 3 sampling methods showed that the highest Salmonella contamination was detected in HEM, and that these results differed significantly from those obtained from fluff samples and cabinet swab samples (P < 0.05). Analysis of HEM was also used to evaluate Salmonella contamination in goose, chicken, and duck hatcheries. The lowest Salmonella-positive rate was found for the chicken hatchery, followed by the goose and the duck hatcheries (P < 0.05). Six serogroups of Salmonella were detected in the 3 hatcheries: A, B, C1, C2, D, and E. The distribution of these serogroups differed among the hatcheries. Salmonella serogroup C1 was the major serogroup found in geese, compared with serogroup B in chickens and ducks. However, Salmonella Typhimurium was dominant in 1 goose hatchery and also in geese from this hatchery that had been transferred to a farm. Antibiotic susceptibility analysis showed that Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from the farm geese with diarrhea showed significantly higher resistance to doxycycline, colistin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprin, and cephalothin than those isolated from the hatchery (P < 0.05). Therefore, HEM as a detection target can be used to monitor Salmonella contamination in hatching cabinets and also be used to assess Salmonella prevalence in poultry hatcheries and rearing farms.
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Lin HT, Chen SW, Shen CJ, Chu C. Dissipation of pendimethalin in the garlic (Allium sativum L.) under subtropical condition. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 79:84-6. [PMID: 17522749 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-007-9100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
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Braly P, Chu C, Collins Y, Edwards R, Gordon A, McGuire W, Smith LM, Nicodemus C, Method M. Prospective evaluation of front-line chemo-immunotherapy (C-IT) with oregovomab (2 alternative dosing schedules) carboplatin-paclitaxel (C-P) in advanced ovarian cancer (OC). J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3024 Background: Chemotherapy (C) induced bone marrow suppression has been assumed to inhibit the generation of augmented immune responses. This has limited investigation of front-line C-IT in OC. Temporal relationship of IT administration relative to C has not been established. Oregovomab is a CA125 specific MAb in development as an OC adjuvant treatment to induce tumor specific immunity. Methods: Patients (pts) awaiting staging laparotomy for presumptive OC were consented to the study and contributed primary tumor samples. Qualifying pts were subsequently randomized to concurrent C-IT with antibody administered at cycles 1, 3, and 5 (Arm A) or 8 ± 2 days following cycles 1, 3, and 5 (Arm B) of standard C-P. Both arms received additional infusions of oregovomab every 12 weeks until progression; response to C-IT was assessed at 36 weeks. Results: Forty stage III/IV pts (18 Arm A; 22 Arm B) were randomized and dosed. More pts in Arm A (39%) were stage IV vs Arm B (14%) however 27% of Arm B pts had >2cm residual disease vs. 11% in Arm A. Complete clinical response (CR) to surgery and C-IT was achieved in 15 pts (83%) in Arm A and 17 pts (77%) in Arm B. For pts with = 2 cm residual disease, 88% in Arm A had = 65 U/mL CA125 prior to/at cycle 3, normalized CA125 and a CR post C-IT compared to 75% of pts in Arm B. Robust Ab2 antibody response (>100 ng/mL) was achieved in 94% of Arm A and 68% of Arm B pts. The immune response developed earlier in Arm A. After one injection of oregovomab, 31% of pts in Arm A vs. 0% in Arm B generated HAMA > 3000 ng/mL and Ab2 > 100 ng/mL (P=0.016 Fisher’s Exact Test). Such an early and vigorous response pattern has not been seen in previous oregovomab studies which have not included concomitant front-line C. There were no IT related serious adverse events. Conclusions: Contrary to expectations, concurrent C-P resulted in enhanced immune stimulation with oregovomab. Interestingly, concurrent infusion of oregovomab was more immunogenic than delayed infusion. Clinical activity was favorable and safety profiles were similar to that expected for C alone. Further randomized evaluation of front-line CP-oregovomab vs CP is warranted. [Table: see text]
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Vinci J, Hogstrom K, Rosen I, Chu C, Neck D. SU-FF-J-08: Accuracy of Cranial Co-Planar Beam Therapy with BrainLab ExacTrac Image Guidance. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Liu SY, Su LH, Yeh YL, Chu C, Lai JC, Chiu CH. Characterisation of plasmids encoding CTX-M-3 extended-spectrum β-lactamase from Enterobacteriaceae isolated at a university hospital in Taiwan. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 29:440-5. [PMID: 17275265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CTX-M-3 is the most common extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by Enterobacteriaceae in Taiwan. The present study was conducted to characterise the genetic environment surrounding bla(CTX-M-3). A total of 11 ceftriaxone-resistant isolates were studied: Escherichia coli (n=4), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=5) and Salmonella enterica serotypes Anatum (SA831R) and Potsdam (SC72). Molecular methods used included polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridisation, conjugation, physical mapping and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. All isolates examined carried bla(CTX-M-3) on large plasmids (>70kb). The resistance plasmids of the two Salmonella and two K. pneumoniae strains (KP104 and KP116) were confirmed to be conjugative in vitro. RFLP analysis indicated that the plasmids were different. Physical mapping also revealed the difference between the two Salmonella plasmids, pSA831R (82kb) and pSC72 (74kb). An insertion sequence, ISEcp1, was found upstream of each bla(CTX-M-3) gene. However, sequencing of downstream regions of the bla genes showed two different patterns: the presence of orf477 in pSA831R and of orf1-mucA in pSC72, pKP104 and pKP116. IncI1-type oriT and nikA sequences were present in the plasmids of all the clinical isolates tested, except S. Anatum. Different bla(CTX-M-3)-carrying plasmids were identified among the enterobacteria studied. The presence of ISEcp1 in all isolates may be associated with the widespread resistance among Enterobacteriaceae. Although the plasmids were not identical, they appeared to belong to the same incompatibility group (IncI1-like plasmids), suggesting that they are genetically related but may have evolved divergently over time.
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Abeyaratne R, Chu C, James RD. Kinetics of materials with wiggly energies: Theory and application to the evolution of twinning microstructures in a Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01418619608244394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Liu SY, Lin JY, Chu C, Su LH, Lin TY, Chiu CH. Integron-associated imipenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from a regional hospital in Taiwan. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005; 27:81-4. [PMID: 16359845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the genetic properties of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii collected from a regional hospital in Taiwan. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the isolates were genetically diverse. Polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing, and DNA-DNA hybridisation showed that the bla(IMP-1) gene resided as a cassette in a plasmid-borne class 1 integron in two isolates. The majority of the resistant isolates were plasmid-less and carried no bla(IMP), bla(VIM) or bla(CFI) genes, indicating that other uncharacterised metallo-beta-lactamases or mechanisms other than enzyme production are involved in carbapenem resistance in this group of A. baumannii. We conclude that multidrug resistance of A. baumannii was a combined effect of lateral gene transfer and clonal spread of multiple resistant clones. Strict measures should be implemented to control the further spread of resistance.
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Chu C, Palm K, Smeltzer M, Darville T. 301 A NOVEL LYSIS AND MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS IN SUSPECTED SEPTIC ARTHRITIS. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00006.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chiu CH, Su LH, Chu C, Chia JH, Wu TL, Lin TY, Lee YS, Ou JT. Isolation of Salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis resistant to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. Lancet 2004; 363:1285-6. [PMID: 15094275 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis (S choleraesuis) usually causes systemic infections in man that need antimicrobial treatment. We isolated a strain of S choleraesuis that was resistant to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin from a patient with sepsis. Ciprofloxacin resistance was associated with mutations in gyrA and parC, whereas the ampC gene (bla(CMY-2)), responsible for ceftriaxone resistance, was carried by a transposon-like mobile element. This element was found inserted into finQ of a potentially transmissible 140 kb plasmid, with an 8 bp direct repeat flanking the junction regions. The appearance of this resistant S choleraesuis is a serious threat to public health, and thus constant surveillance is warranted.
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