Fornix damage enhances successive, but not simultaneous, object-discrimination learning in cats

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of fornix lesions with the deficits known to follow septum lesions in cats learning visual object discriminations. In Experiment 1 when eight cats with aspiration lesions of the fornix performed successive discrimination problems, acquisition was greatly facilitated, but first- and second-reversal scores were normal by comparison with eight normal cats and two operated corpus callosum-control cats without fornix damage. Four corpus callosum-damaged cats with secondary degeneration in the medial fornix also learned the initial problem faster than normals. In Experiment 2 in a simultaneous paradigm, eight cats with fornix lesions scored like five normal controls, although they perseverated in early stages of reversal problems. The authors hypothesize that medial fornix damage, in contrast with septum lesions, enhances both initiation and maintenance of response inhibition.

Laparoscopy: the "eyes" of gynecology

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Abdominal pregnancy. Report of 12 cases

We have reviewed the records of 12 patients with abdominal pregnancy accumulated over a 15-year period (1951-1965). The 2 most recent ones were managed by the authors. Every attempt has been made to eliminate advanced tubal, ovarian, and intraligamentus pregnancies. The gravity of this condition is again emphasized. Prompt termination of pregnancy is the proper course, but we recognize possible exceptions to this general principle. Most often, the placenta should be left in place because of the inability of the obstetrician to ligate its blood supply. However, when this can beyond all doubt be safely accomplished, the placenta should be removed. Convalescence is stormy and morbidity higher when the placenta is not removed.