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Korczyk D, Clark P, Crawford D, Maddicks-Law J, Javorsky G, Meyers D. Resolution of protein-losing enteropathy after successful heart transplantation in an adult patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). J Heart Lung Transplant 2007; 26:963-4. [PMID: 17845940 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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102
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Massey T, Selavo L, Crawford D, Lorincz K, Shnayder V, Hauenstein L, Dabiri F, Jeng J, Chanmugam A, White D, Sarrafzadeh M, Welsh M. The advanced health and disaster aid network: a light-weight wireless medical system for triage. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2007; 1:203-216. [PMID: 23852414 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2007.910901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Advances in semiconductor technology have resulted in the creation of miniature medical embedded systems that can wirelessly monitor the vital signs of patients. These lightweight medical systems can aid providers in large disasters who become overwhelmed with the large number of patients, limited resources, and insufficient information. In a mass casualty incident, small embedded medical systems facilitate patient care, resource allocation, and real-time communication in the advanced health and disaster aid network (AID-N). We present the design of electronic triage tags on lightweight, embedded systems with limited memory and computational power. These electronic triage tags use noninvasive, biomedical sensors (pulse oximeter, electrocardiogram, and blood pressure cuff) to continuously monitor the vital signs of a patient and deliver pertinent information to first responders. This electronic triage system facilitates the seamless collection and dissemination of data from the incident site to key members of the distributed emergency response community. The real-time collection of data through a mesh network in a mass casualty drill was shown to approximately triple the number of times patients that were triaged compared with the traditional paper triage system.
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103
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Prohens J, Herraiz F, Nuez F, Anderson G, Santos-Guerra A, Bernardello G, Crawford D. AFLP DIVERSITY AMONG AND WITHIN POPULATIONS OF THE INSULAR, ENDEMIC AND ENDANGERED SOLANUM VESPERTILIO AND S. LIDII. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2007.745.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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104
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Krylatov AV, Maslov LN, Ermakov SY, Lasukova OV, Barzakh EI, Crawford D, Pertwee RG. Significance of cardiac cannabinoid receptors in regulation of cardiac rhythm, myocardial contractility, and electrophysiologic processes in heart. BIOL BULL+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359007010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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105
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Krylatov AV, Maslov LN, Ermakov SI, Lasukova OV, Barzakh EI, Crawford D, Pertwee RG. [Significance of cardiac cannabinoid receptors in regulation of cardiac rhythm, myocardial contractility, and electrophysiologic processes in heart]. IZVESTIIA AKADEMII NAUK. SERIIA BIOLOGICHESKAIA 2007:35-44. [PMID: 17352198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous administration of cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonists (HU-210, 0.1 mg/kg; ACPA, 0.125 mg/kg; methanandamide, 2.5 mg/kg; and anandamide, 2.5 mg/kg) induced bradycardia in chloralose-anesthetized rats irrespective of the solubilization method. Methanandamide, HU-210, and ACPA had no effect on the electrophysiological activity in the heart, while anandamide increased the duration of the QRS complex. The negative chronotropic effect of HU-210 was due to CB1 receptor activation since is was not observed after CB1 receptor blockade by SR141716A (1 mg/kg intravenously) but was present after pretreatment with CB2 receptor antagonist SR144528 (1 mg/kg intravenously). CB receptor antagonists SR141716A and SR144528 had no effect on cardiac rhythm or ECG indices. Hence, in the intact heart, endogenous CB receptor agonists are not involved in the regulation of cardiac rhythm and electrophysiological processes. The chronotropic effect of CBs was independent of the autonomic nervous system because it remained significant after autonomic ganglion blockade by hexamethonium (1 mg/kg intravenously). CB receptor activation by HU-210 (0.1 and 1 microM) in vitro decreased the rate and force of isolated heart contractions, the rates of contraction and relaxation, and end diastolic pressure. The negative chronotropic effect of HU-210 was less pronounced in vitro than in vivo. The maximum inotropic effect of HU-210 was reached at the concentration of 0.1 microM.
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106
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Krylatov AV, Maslov LN, Ermakov SY, Barzakh EI, Lasukova OV, Crawford D, Ghadessy R, Serebrov VY. Negative chronotropic effect of cannabinoids and their water-soluble emulsion is related to activation of cardiac CB1 receptors. Bull Exp Biol Med 2006; 142:450-3. [PMID: 17415434 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-006-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous injection of cannabinoids dissolved in cremophore EL:ethanol:NaCl mixture and water-soluble emulsion of the same cannabinoids caused identical negative chronotropic effects in chloralose-narcotized rats. Selective CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonist HU-210 also induced a negative chronotropic effect in rats, while pre-injection of CB1 receptor antagonist SR 141716A completely abolished this effect of HU-210. Selective CB2 receptor antagonist SR 144528 had no effect on HU-210-induced bradycardia. Preinjection of ganglioblocker hexamethonium also did not abolish the negative chronotropic effect of HU-210 and ACPA. Perfusion of isolated rat heart with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing HU-210 in a final concentration of 100 nM reduced heart rate. It was shown that the negative chronotropic effect of cannabinoids is mediated through activation of cardiac CB1 receptors.
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107
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Cebon J, Findlay M, Hargreaves C, Stockler M, Thompson P, Boyer M, Roberts S, Poon A, Scott AM, Kalff V, Garas G, Dowling A, Crawford D, Ring J, Basser R, Strickland A, Macdonald G, Green M, Nowak A, Dickman B, Dhillon H, Gebski V. Somatostatin receptor expression, tumour response, and quality of life in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with long-acting octreotide. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:853-61. [PMID: 16953241 PMCID: PMC2360532 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Octreotide may extend survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Forty-one per cent of HCCs have high-affinity somatostatin receptors. We aimed to determine the feasibility, safety, and activity of long-acting octreotide in advanced HCC; to identify the best method for assessing somatostatin receptor expression; to relate receptor expression to clinical outcomes; and to evaluate toxicity. Sixty-three patients with advanced HCC received intramuscular long-acting octreotide 20 mg monthly until progression or toxicity. Median age was 67 years (range 28–81 years), male 81%, Child–Pugh A 83%, and B 17%. The aetiologies of chronic liver disease were alcohol (22%), viral hepatitis (44%), and haemochromatosis (6%). Prior treatments for HCC included surgery (8%), chemotherapy (2%), local ablation (11%), and chemoembolisation (6%). One patient had an objective partial tumour response (2%, 95% CI 0–9%). Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels decreased more than 50% in four (6%). Median survival was 8 months. Thirty four of 61 patients (56%) had receptor expression detected by scintigraphy; no clear relationship with clinical outcomes was identified. There were few grade 3 or 4 toxicities: hyperglycaemia (8%), hypoglycaemia (2%), diarrhoea (5%), and anorexia (2%). Patients reported improvements in some symptoms, but no major changes in quality of life were detected. Long-acting octreotide is safe in advanced HCC. We found little evidence of anticancer activity. A definitive randomised trial would identify whether patients benefit from this treatment in other ways.
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108
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Mathew J, Barthelmes L, Neminathan S, Crawford D. Comparative study of lymphoedema with axillary node dissection versus axillary node sampling with radiotherapy in patients undergoing breast conservation surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006; 32:729-32. [PMID: 16777367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our aim was to compare the incidence of lymphoedema in two groups of patients undergoing breast conservation surgery; one undergoing axillary sampling and radiotherapy to patients with positive axillary nodes, and the other undergoing axillary clearance. METHODS Retrospective review of records of two sequential groups of patients; one undergoing axillary sampling between January 1994 and December 1998 (Group 1) and the other undergoing axillary clearance between January 2000 and December 2002 (Group 2). Both groups had minimum of 2 years follow-up. RESULTS Three hundred and twelve patients were included in Group 1 and 194 in Group 2. 2.2% of the patients in Group 1 developed lymphoedema compared to 12.3% in Group 2. This was statistically significant with a P value=0.0001. In the node-positive patients, the incidence of lymphoedema in Group 1 was 6.2% compared to 15.4% in Group 2, although the differences were not statistically significant with P=0.17. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of lymphoedema in the axillary sampling group was low, although the differences were less pronounced in the node-positive patients. The effectiveness of radiotherapy as an alternative to full axillary dissection among patients with positive nodes is currently under investigation in randomised controlled trials.
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109
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Dowie R, Stoykova B, Crawford D, Desai M, Mather J, Morgan K, Shirt M. Liquid-based cytology can improve efficiency of cervical smear readers: evidence from timing surveys in two NHS cytology laboratories. Cytopathology 2006; 17:65-72. [PMID: 16548990 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2006.00304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cervical screening programmes in England and Wales were advised by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence in 2003 to adopt liquid-based cytology (LBC) in place of conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology to facilitate laboratory efficiency. Pilot evaluations in England and Scotland monitored daily or weekly workloads of smear readers and concluded that LBC could increase hourly throughput rates. This study, instead, used timing surveys to determine screening rates. METHODS Two National Health Service cytology laboratories in Manchester and Stockport were partially converted to the LBC ThinPrep process for a cervical screening trial. Three 1-week timing surveys were conducted over 7 months. The surveys covered all LBC-trained staff. The first survey in Manchester also covered staff undertaking conventional Pap screening. The smear readers used timers to record time taken for examining and reporting each slide. RESULTS In Manchester, in the first survey, nearly 1 minute per slide was saved by the LBC method during primary microscopy. In both laboratories, the mean microscopy time for primary screening of LBC slides was reduced by almost 1 minute between the first and second surveys. There was no difference between the second and third surveys. Microscopy by cytopathologists was also 1 minute per slide quicker with LBC than conventional Pap. The LBC inadequate rates for both laboratories were <2.0%. Organizational factors impacted on the hourly LBC primary screening rates in the laboratories, the rate for Stockport being higher than the rates in the pilot evaluations. CONCLUSIONS The timing surveys confirm that the LBC ThinPrep technology can improve laboratory efficiency. However, decision-makers should also consider the overall costs and benefits of introducing the technology in screening programmes, including the capital investment and workforce implications.
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110
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Crawford D, Serkova N, Gamito E, Jones R, O’Donnell C, Hedlund T. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of expressed prostatic secretions: Metabolite citrate and derivatives are potential markers of prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.4623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4623 Background: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS) along with a novel method for determining absolute concentrations of metabolites were utilized to analyze expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) from men with prostate cancer (PCa) and from healthy controls. Methods: Flash frozen EPS samples from 66 men (40 with PCa and 26 controls) were analyzed by high-resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy using a Bruker 500 MHz DRX NMR spectrometer with a 1-mm microprobe. The total number of scans per fully relaxed 1H-NMR spectrum was n = 40 with water suppression. Absolute concentrations of endogenous metabolites (citrate, spermine, myo-inositol, lactate, alanine, phosphocholine, glutamate, acetate, hydroxybutyrate) were quantified using trimethylsilyl-propionic acid as an external standard reference. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression (LR) was used to model the risk of PCa based upon the levels of the measured metabolites. Results: The average age of the EPS donors was 54.7 ± 9.8 years. The median Gleason score for the men with PCa was 6 (range 5–9). The Wilcoxon rank sum test indicated that citrate, spermine, inositol, citrate/spermine, and citrate/lactate were all significant predictors of PCa (p < .001). The LR models indicated that the absolute concentration of citrate was highly predictive of PCa with lower concentrations resulting in a higher risk of cancer. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for citrate alone was 0.79 (95% CI 0.75–0.83). Using relative concentrations (metabolite ratios) in a two-variable LR model, citrate/spermine and citrate/lactate were also predictive of PCa with an AUROC of 0.76 (95% CI 0.71–0.81). Conclusions: The results suggest that absolute concentration of citrate and its derivatives in EPS as measured by NMRS have promising potential as accurate markers of prostate cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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111
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Timperio A, Ball K, Salmon J, Roberts R, Crawford D. Is availability of public open space equitable across areas? Health Place 2006; 13:335-40. [PMID: 16581285 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Revised: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether availability of public open spaces that can be used for recreation varies according to neighbourhood socio-economic disadvantage. Density and area of public open spaces were examined using a geographic information system and postal boundaries were used to define neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood socio-economic status (SES) was stratified into quintiles. Once neighbourhood population and geographic area were considered there were no differences in the number or total area of free-access, restricted access or sporting/recreation open spaces across quintiles of neighbourhood SES. Future research should examine whether the quality of public open spaces differ by neighbourhood SES.
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112
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Maslov LN, Ermakov SI, Lasukova OV, Barzakh EI, Krylatov AV, Crawford D, Serebrov VI. [Paticipation of cannabinoid receptors in the regulation of cardiac rhythm and cardiac contractility]. ROSSIISKII FIZIOLOGICHESKII ZHURNAL IMENI I.M. SECHENOVA 2006; 92:429-39. [PMID: 16813149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been found that i. v. administration of cannabinoid receptor (CB) agonists (HU-210, ACPA, anandamide, methanandamide) induced a decrease in the heart rate (HR) in anesthetized rats. Pretreatment with CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A completely abolished a negative chronotropic effect of CB receptor agonist HU-210. The CB2 receptor antagonist SRI 44528 did not prevent a HU-210-induced decrease in the HR. Pretreatment with the ganglion blocker hexamethonium had no effect on the negative chronotropic action of HU-210. Addition of HU-210 (100 nM) to perfusion solution induced a decrease in the HR, left ventricular development pressure, rate of contractility and relaxation of isolated perfused rate heart without change in end diastolic pressure. These data suggest that cardiac CBI receptor activation induces a decrease in the HR both in vivo and in vitro. An occupancy of the same receptors mediates a negative inotropic effects of cannabinoids.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Camphanes/pharmacology
- Dronabinol/analogs & derivatives
- Dronabinol/pharmacology
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Heart Rate/physiology
- Hexamethonium/pharmacology
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Myocardial Contraction/physiology
- Nicotinic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
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113
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Lakshman R, Bruce S, Spencer DA, Crawford D, Galloway A, Cooper PN, Barge D, Roos D, Flood TJ, Abinun M. Postmortem diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease: how worthwhile is it? J Clin Pathol 2006; 58:1339-41. [PMID: 16311362 PMCID: PMC1770789 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.025098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A previously healthy 11 year old boy died unexpectedly after a rapid course of progressive pneumonia. Postmortem microbiology and histopathology suggested an underlying diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. This was confirmed by neutrophil oxidative burst and gene mutation analysis of other family members, one of whom benefited from early bone marrow transplantation.
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114
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Ball K, Crawford D. An investigation of psychological, social and environmental correlates of obesity and weight gain in young women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 30:1240-9. [PMID: 16491107 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored the biological, psychological, social and environmental correlates of young women's current weight and retrospective 2-year weight change. METHODS A total of 790 young women (mean age 26.8 years), sampled from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, provided self-reported data on their height and weight, sociodemographics and a range of biological, psychological, social and environmental variables. RESULTS Several variables from all domains (biological, psychological, social support and environmental) were correlated with higher body mass index, and less strongly greater 2-year weight change. Key correlates included the tendency to never put on weight, no matter what; self-efficacy for avoiding weight gain, and for healthy eating; attention paid to weight; family support and friends' support/sabotage of physical activity/healthy eating; and perceived difficulty of taking the stairs rather than the elevator as part of the daily routine. CONCLUSIONS Intervention strategies aimed at reducing weight gain and obesity may need to focus on social and environmental, as well as psychological factors; however, further research is necessary to confirm these findings given that a number of hypothesized associations were not observed.
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115
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Lea EJ, Crawford D, Worsley A. Public views of the benefits and barriers to the consumption of a plant-based diet. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60:828-37. [PMID: 16452915 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine consumers' perceived benefits and barriers to the consumption of a plant-based diet. DESIGN Mail survey that included questions on perceived benefits and barriers to the consumption of a plant-based diet. SETTING Victoria, Australia. SUBJECTS Four hundred and fifteen randomly selected Victorian adults. RESULTS The main perceived barrier to adoption of a plant-based diet was a lack of information about plant-based diets (42% agreement). Sex, age and education differences were present in over a quarter of the barrier items. For example, non-university-educated respondents and older people were less willing to change their current eating pattern than were university educated and younger respondents. The main benefits associated with plant-based diets were health benefits, particularly decreased saturated fat intake (79% agreement), increased fibre intake (76%), and disease prevention (70%). Age, sex and education differences with regard to benefits were apparent, although sex differences were more important than age or education differences. CONCLUSIONS The majority of respondents perceived there to be health benefits associated with the consumption of a plant-based diet. Compared with the proportion of respondents who agreed that there were particular benefits of eating a plant-based diet, perceived barriers were relatively low. An understanding of the perceived benefits and barriers of consuming a plant-based diet will help formulate strategies that aim to influence beliefs about plant foods, plant food consumption, and, ultimately, public health.
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116
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King T, Kavanagh AM, Jolley D, Turrell G, Crawford D. Weight and place: a multilevel cross-sectional survey of area-level social disadvantage and overweight/obesity in Australia. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 30:281-7. [PMID: 16331302 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate variation between small areas in adult body mass index (BMI), and assess the importance of area level socioeconomic disadvantage in predicting BMI. METHODS We identified all census collector districts (CCDs) in the 20 innermost Local Government Areas in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, and ranked them by the percentage of low income households (< dollar 400/week). In all, 50 CCDs were randomly selected from the least, middle and most disadvantaged septiles of the ranked list and 4913 residents (61.4% participation rate) completed one of two surveys. Multilevel linear regression was used to estimate area level variance in BMI and the importance of area level socioeconomic disadvantage in predicting BMI. RESULTS There were significant variations in BMI between CCDs for women, even after adjustment for individual and area SES (P = 0.012); significant area variation was not found for men. Living in the most versus least disadvantaged areas was associated with an average difference in BMI of 1.08 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.48-1.68 kg/m2) for women, and of 0.93 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.32-1.55 kg/m2) for men. Living in the mid versus least disadvantaged areas were associated with an average difference in BMI of 0.67 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.09-1.26 kg/m2) for women, and 0.43 kg/m2 for men (95% CI: -0.16-1.01). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that area disadvantage is an important predictor of adult BMI, and support the need to focus on improving local environments to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity.
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117
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Salmon J, Ball K, Booth M, Hume C, Crawford D. 62 Outcomes of an RCT to promote children's physical activity, reduce sedentary behaviour and prevent unhealthy weight gain: Switch-Play. J Sci Med Sport 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1440-2440(17)30557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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118
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Salmon J, Crawford D, Campbell K, Carver A, Garnett S, Shrewsbury V, Cowell C, Baur L. 352 Family and neighborhood environments and adolescents’ objectively assessed physical activity: the Nepean Cohort study. J Sci Med Sport 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1440-2440(17)30849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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119
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Jackson M, Crawford D, Campbell K, Salmon J. 244 Do parental concerns about children's inactivity translate into action? J Sci Med Sport 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1440-2440(17)30740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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120
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Carver A, Timperio A, Salmon J, Ball K, Crawford D. 306 How does objectively-measured road safety influence active transport among adolescents? J Sci Med Sport 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1440-2440(17)30803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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121
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Inglis V, Ball K, Crawford D. Why do women of low socioeconomic status have poorer dietary behaviours than women of higher socioeconomic status? A qualitative exploration. Appetite 2005; 45:334-43. [PMID: 16171900 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2005] [Revised: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In developed countries, persons of low socioeconomic status (SES) are generally less likely to consume diets consistent with dietary guidelines. Little is known about the mechanisms that underlie SES differences in eating behaviours. Since women are often responsible for dietary choices within households, this qualitative study investigated factors that may contribute to socioeconomic inequalities in dietary behaviour among women. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 high-, 19 mid- and 18 low- SES women, recruited from Melbourne, Australia, using an area-level indicator of SES. An ecological framework, in which individual, social and environmental level influences on diet were considered, was used to guide the development of interview questions and interpretation of the data. Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify the main themes emerging from the data. Several key influences varied by SES. These included food-related values such as health consciousness, and a lack of time due to family commitments (more salient among higher SES women), as well as perceived high cost of healthy eating and lack of time due to work commitments (more important for low SES women). Reported availability of and access to good quality healthy foods did not differ strikingly across SES groups. Public health strategies aimed at reducing SES inequalities in diet might focus on promoting healthy diets that are low cost, as well as promoting time-efficient food preparation strategies for all women.
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122
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine consumers' readiness to change to a plant-based diet. DESIGN Mail survey that included questions on readiness to change, eating habits and perceived benefits and barriers to the consumption of a plant-based diet. SETTING Victoria, Australia. SUBJECTS A total of 415 randomly selected adults. RESULTS In terms of their readiness to eat a plant-based diet, the majority (58%) of participants were in the precontemplation stage of change, while 14% were in contemplation/preparation, and 28% in action/maintenance. Those in the action/maintenance stage ate more fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole-meal bread, and cooked cereals than those in earlier stages. There were statistically significant differences in age and vegetarian status between the stages of change, but not for other demographic variables. There were strong differences across the stages of change with regard to perceived benefits and barriers to plant-based diets. For example, those in action/maintenance scored highest for benefit factors associated with well-being, weight, health, convenience and finances, whereas those in the precontemplation stage did not recognise such benefits. CONCLUSIONS These findings can be utilised to help provide appropriate nutrition education and advertising, targeted at specific stages of change. For example, education about how it is possible to obtain iron and protein from a plant-based diet and on the benefits of change, in addition to tips on how to make a gradual, easy transition to a plant-based diet, could help progress precontemplators to later stages. SPONSORSHIP Australian Research Council.
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123
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Garnett SP, Cowell CT, Baur LA, Shrewsbury VA, Chan A, Crawford D, Salmon J, Campbell K, Boulton TJ. Increasing central adiposity: the Nepean longitudinal study of young people aged 7–8 to 12–13 y. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 29:1353-60. [PMID: 16077716 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in young people are typically based on body mass index (BMI). However, BMI may not indicate the level of central adiposity. Waist circumference has therefore been recommended to identify young people at risk of morbidity associated with central adiposity. OBJECTIVE To investigate (a) change in total and central adiposity between 7-8 and 12-13 y (b) agreement between classifying young people as overweight or obese based on total adiposity and central adiposity, and (c) risk factors associated with the development of total and central adiposity. DESIGN Anthropometric measurements were taken on 342 children in 1996/97 and 5 y later. Risk factors examined included birth weight, physical activity, TV viewing, pubertal status, parental adiposity, diet and socio-economic status. RESULTS Between 7-8 and 12-13 y indices of central adiposity increased more than total adiposity; waist circumference z-score increased by (mean+/-s.d.) 0.74+/-0.92 and BMI z-score increased by 0.18+/-0.67. At 12-13 y there was moderate agreement between the two measures of adiposity (weighted kappa=0.64). However, waist circumference identified a greater number of young people as overweight or obese compared to BMI (41.2 vs 29.3%, P<0.001). Adiposity status at 7-8 y, maternal obesity, and pubertal stage were the strongest predictors of BMI status at 12-13 y. Risk factors associated with increased central adiposity were similar. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obesity, as measured by waist circumference, is a bigger problem than is currently assessed by BMI. Targeting known risk factors for total adiposity may be an appropriate strategy for preventing increased central adiposity.
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Evans TRJ, Morgan JA, van den Abbeele AD, McPherson IRJ, George S, Crawford D, Mastrullo JM, Cheng S, Fletcher JA, Demetri GD. Phase I dose-escalation study of the SRC and multi-kinase inhibitor BMS-354825 in patients (pts) with GIST and other solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Timperio A, Salmon J, Telford A, Crawford D. Perceptions of local neighbourhood environments and their relationship to childhood overweight and obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 29:170-5. [PMID: 15583699 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine associations between parent and child perceptions of the local neighbourhood and overweight/obesity among children aged 5-6 and 10-12 y. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SUBJECTS In total, 291 families of 5-6-y-old and 919 families of 10-12-y-old children. MEASURES Parent's perceptions of local neighbourhood and perceived child access to eight local destinations within walking distance of home; 10-12-y-old children's perception of local neighbourhood; socio-demographic characteristics (survey). Children's height and weight (measured). RESULTS No perceptions of the local neighbourhood were associated with weight status among 5-6-y-old children. Among 10-12-y-old children, those whose parents agreed that there was heavy traffic in their local streets were more likely to be overweight or obese (OR=1.4, 95% CI=1.0-1.8), and those whose parents agreed that road safety was a concern were more likely to be obese (OR=3.9, 95% CI=1.0-15.2), compared to those whose parents disagreed with these statements. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that parental perceptions of heavy traffic on local streets and concern about road safety may be indirect influences on overweight and obesity among 10-12-y-old children. Future work should also consider perceptions of the neighbourhood related to food choice.
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