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Freeman D, Reeve S, Robinson A, Ehlers A, Clark D, Spanlang B, Slater M. Virtual reality in the assessment, understanding, and treatment of mental health disorders. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2393-2400. [PMID: 28325167 PMCID: PMC5964457 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171700040x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mental health problems are inseparable from the environment. With virtual reality (VR), computer-generated interactive environments, individuals can repeatedly experience their problematic situations and be taught, via evidence-based psychological treatments, how to overcome difficulties. VR is moving out of specialist laboratories. Our central aim was to describe the potential of VR in mental health, including a consideration of the first 20 years of applications. A systematic review of empirical studies was conducted. In all, 285 studies were identified, with 86 concerning assessment, 45 theory development, and 154 treatment. The main disorders researched were anxiety (n = 192), schizophrenia (n = 44), substance-related disorders (n = 22) and eating disorders (n = 18). There are pioneering early studies, but the methodological quality of studies was generally low. The gaps in meaningful applications to mental health are extensive. The most established finding is that VR exposure-based treatments can reduce anxiety disorders, but there are numerous research and treatment avenues of promise. VR was found to be a much-misused term, often applied to non-interactive and non-immersive technologies. We conclude that VR has the potential to transform the assessment, understanding and treatment of mental health problems. The treatment possibilities will only be realized if - with the user experience at the heart of design - the best immersive VR technology is combined with targeted translational interventions. The capability of VR to simulate reality could greatly increase access to psychological therapies, while treatment outcomes could be enhanced by the technology's ability to create new realities. VR may merit the level of attention given to neuroimaging.
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Reid A, Reid A, Miller C, Jovanovic A, Woolfson P, Abidin N, Clark D, Gamlin W, Coutts G, Schmitt M. P1097Comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of Anderson-Fabry cardiomyopathy - natural history and assessment of treatment effect. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Lagan J, Naish J, Clark D, Foden P, Caldwell J, Trafford A, Critchley W, Fildes J, Reid A, Lewis G, Sarma J, Schmitt M, Miller C. P3358In vivo evidence of chronic myocardial inflammation in ischaemic cardiomyopathy using USPIO enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p3358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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104
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Biswas S, Duffy S, Lefkovits J, Andrianopoulos N, Brennan A, Walton A, Shaw J, Chan W, Ajani A, Clark D, Freeman M, Hiew C, Oqueli Flores E, Reid C, Stub D. P5606Evolving trends in procedural characteristics and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p5606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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105
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Fleck BW, Williams C, Juszczak E, Cocker K, Stenson BJ, Darlow BA, Dai S, Gole GA, Quinn GE, Wallace DK, Ells A, Carden S, Butler L, Clark D, Elder J, Wilson C, Biswas S, Shafiq A, King A, Brocklehurst P, Fielder AR. An international comparison of retinopathy of prematurity grading performance within the Benefits of Oxygen Saturation Targeting II trials. Eye (Lond) 2017; 32:74-80. [PMID: 28752837 PMCID: PMC5669461 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether the observed international differences in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment rates within the Benefits of Oxygen Saturation Targeting (BOOST) II trials might have been caused by international variation in ROP disease grading. Methods Groups of BOOST II trial ophthalmologists in UK, Australia, and New Zealand (ANZ), and an international reference group (INT) used a web based system to grade a selection of RetCam images of ROP acquired during the BOOST II UK trial. Rates of decisions to treat, plus disease grading, ROP stage grading, ROP zone grading, inter-observer variation within groups and intra-observer variation within groups were measured. Results Forty-two eye examinations were graded. UK ophthalmologists diagnosed treat-requiring ROP more frequently than ANZ ophthalmologists, 13.9 (3.49) compared to 9.4 (4.46) eye examinations, P=0.038. UK ophthalmologists diagnosed plus disease more frequently than ANZ ophthalmologists, 14.1 (6.23) compared to 8.5 (3.24) eye examinations, P=0.021. ANZ ophthalmologists diagnosed stage 2 ROP more frequently than UK ophthalmologists, 20.2 (5.8) compared to 12.7 (7.1) eye examinations, P=0.026. There were no other significant differences in the grading of ROP stage or zone. Inter-observer variation was higher within the UK group than within the ANZ group. Intra-observer variation was low in both groups. Conclusions We have found evidence of international variation in the diagnosis of treatment-requiring ROP. Improved standardisation of the diagnosis of treatment-requiring ROP is required. Measures might include improved training in the grading of ROP, using an international approach, and further development of ROP image analysis software.
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Liu C, Clark D, Xu H, Keith N. PROMOTING ADL INDEPENDENCE IN VULNERABLE ELDERLY: SIX-MONTH FOLLOW-UP OF A PILOT COMPARATIVE TRIAL. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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107
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Clark D, King A, Sharpe K, Connelly G, Elliott L, Macpherson LMD, McMahon AD, Milligan I, Wilson P, Conway DI, Wood R. Linking routinely collected social work, education and health data to enable monitoring of the health and health care of school-aged children in state care ('looked after children') in Scotland: a national demonstration project. Public Health 2017; 150:101-111. [PMID: 28666173 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Children in state care ('looked after children') have poorer health than children who are not looked after. Recent developments in Scotland and elsewhere have aimed to improve services and outcomes for looked after children. Routine monitoring of the health outcomes of looked after children compared to those of their non-looked after peers is currently lacking. Developing capacity for comparative monitoring of population-based outcomes based on linkage of routinely collected administrative data has been identified as a priority. To our knowledge there are no existing population-based data linkage studies providing data on the health of looked after and non-looked after children at national level. Smaller scale studies that are available generally provide very limited information on linkage methods and hence do not allow scrutiny of bias that may be introduced through the linkage process. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS National demonstration project testing the feasibility of linking routinely collected looked after children, education and health data. PARTICIPANTS All children in publicly funded school in Scotland in 2011/12. RESULTS Linkage between looked after children data and the national pupil census classified 10,009 (1.5%) and 1757 (0.3%) of 670,952 children as, respectively, currently and previously looked after. Recording of the unique pupil identifier (Scottish Candidate Number, SCN) on looked after children returns is incomplete, with 66% of looked after records for 2011/12 for children of possible school age containing a valid SCN. This will have resulted in some under-ascertainment of currently and, particularly, previously looked after children within the general pupil population. Further linkage of the pupil census to the National Health Service Scotland master patient index demonstrated that a safe link to the child's unique health service (Community Health Index) number could be obtained for a very high proportion of children in each group (94%, 95% and 95% of children classified as currently, previously, and non-looked after, respectively). In general, linkage rates were higher for older children and those living in more affluent areas. Within the looked after group, linkage rates were highest for children with the fewest placements and for those in permanent fostering. CONCLUSIONS This novel data linkage demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring population-based health outcomes of school-aged looked after and non-looked after children using linked routine administrative data. Improved recording of the unique pupil identifier number on looked after data returns would be beneficial. Extending the range of personal identifiers on looked after children returns would enable linkage to health data for looked after children who are not in publicly funded schooling (i.e. those who are preschool or postschool, home schooled or in independent schooling).
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Mennella JA, Colquhoun TA, Bobowski NK, Olmstead JW, Bartoshuk L, Clark D. Farm to Sensory Lab: Taste of Blueberry Fruit by Children and Adults. J Food Sci 2017; 82:1713-1719. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hatchett SP, Clark D, Tabak M, Turner RE, Stoeckl C, Stephens RB, Shiraga H, Tanaka K. Hydrodynamics of Conically Guided Fast Ignition Targets. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst06-a1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Healey C, Neilson M, Clark D, Schanzer A, Robinson W. Predicting Mortality of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in the Era of Endovascular Repair. J Vasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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111
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Clark D, Metcalfe A, Wogan C, Mandalia V, Eldridge J. Adolescent patellar instability. Bone Joint J 2017; 99-B:159-170. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.99b2.bjj-2016-0256.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Patellar instability most frequently presents during adolescence. Congenital and infantile dislocation of the patella is a distinct entity from adolescent instability and measurable abnormalities may be present at birth. In the normal patellofemoral joint an increase in quadriceps angle and patellar height are matched by an increase in trochlear depth as the joint matures. Adolescent instability may herald a lifelong condition leading to chronic disability and arthritis. Restoring normal anatomy by trochleoplasty, tibial tubercle transfer or medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction in the young adult prevents further instability. Although these techniques are proven in the young adult, they may cause growth arrest and deformity where the physis is open. A vigorous non-operative strategy may permit delay of surgery until growth is complete. Where non-operative treatment has failed a modified MPFL reconstruction may be performed to maintain stability until physeal closure permits anatomical reconstruction. If significant growth remains an extraosseous reconstruction of the MPFL may impart the lowest risk to the physis. If minor growth remains image intensifier guided placement of femoral intraosseous fixation may impart a small, but acceptable, risk to the physis. This paper presents and discusses the literature relating to adolescent instability and provides a framework for management of these patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:159–70.
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Khialani B, Andrianopoulos N, Reid C, Sebastian M, Yip T, Clark D, Freeman M, Duffy S, Ajani A, Sharma A, Hiew C, Hutchison A. Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in Patients with Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts (CABG). Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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113
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Biswas S, Dinh D, Brennan A, Tacey M, Andrianopoulos N, Brien R, Duffy S, Harper R, Nadurata V, van Gaal W, Grigg L, Cox N, Clark D, Reid C, Lefkovits J, Stub D. Patient and Hospital Factors Predicting Prolonged Door-to-Balloon Time in STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary PCI. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yeoh J, Andrianopoulos N, Reid C, Brennan A, Yudi M, Proimos G, Chan R, Noaman S, Oqueli E, Picardo S, Ajani A, Chan W, Farouque O, Clark D. Long-Term Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) to an Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery (LMCA) in Cardiogenic Shock: Observations From the Melbourne Interventional Group (MIG) Registry. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Biswas S, Duffy S, Lefkovits J, Andrianopoulos N, Brennan A, Walton A, Shaw J, Chan W, Ajani A, Clark D, Freeman M, Hiew C, Oqueli E, Reid C, Stub D. Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Risk Factors, Treatment and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yudi M, Hamilton G, Andrianopoulos N, Brennan A, Farouque O, Ajani A, Yeoh J, Sebastian M, Freeman M, Oqueli E, Reid C, Duffy S, Clark D. Trends and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Established Coronary Artery Disease Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndromes. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Noaman S, Adrianopoulos N, Reid C, Sharma A, Chan W, brien O, Clark D, Freeman M, Ajani A, Brennan A, Yip T, Duffy S, Oqueli E. Clinical Outcomes of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Secondary to Stent Thrombosis Treated by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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118
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Noaman S, Andrianopoulos N, Brennan A, Reid C, Stub D, Biswas S, Walton A, Clark D, Ajani A, Freeman M, Sebastian M, Duffy S, Chan W. Clinical Outcomes of Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yeoh J, Andrianopoulos N, Reid C, Brennan A, Yudi M, Proimos G, Chan R, Noaman S, Oqueli E, Picardo S, Ajani A, Chan W, Farouque O, Clark D. Long-Term Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) to an Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery (LMCA): 10 Year Observations From the Melbourne Interventional Group (MIG) Registry. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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120
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Yeoh J, Andrianopoulos N, Brennan A, Yudi M, Freeman M, Horrigan M, Fernando D, Yip T, Ajani A, Picardo S, Sharma A, Farouque O, Clark D. Pre-Hospital Ambulance Notification for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Leads to Rapid Reperfusion But No Effect on Early Mortality: Insights from the Melbourne Interventional Group (MIG) Registry. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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121
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Yudi M, Clark D, Tsang D, Jelinek M, Kalten K, Joshi S, Phan K, Nasis A, Amerena J, MacIsaac A, Arunothayaraj S, Si S, Reid C, Farouque O. SMARTphone-based, Early Cardiac REHABilitation in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes [SMART-REHAB Trial]: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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122
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Clark D, Young S, Mandell K, Salapatek A, Nelson V, Lorentz H, Brady T. P316 A randomized double-masked phase 2 clinical trial of NS2 ophthalmic solution in allergic conjunctivitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.09.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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123
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Parfrey S, Andrianopoulos N, Teh A, Roberts L, Brennan A, Hiew C, Clark D, Duffy S, Ajani A, Reid C, New G, Freeman M. Safety of Early Discharge Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) for STEMI. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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124
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Yudi M, Jones N, Clark D, Ramchand J, Fernando D, Jones E, Johnson D, Dakis R, Chan R, Islam A, Farouque O, Horrigan M. Management of Very Elderly Patients (+85 years) With ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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125
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Gayed D, Farouque O, Clark D, Jones N, Theuerle J, Kalten K, Ramchand J, Yudi M. Should All Patients Presenting With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Be Screened for Familial Hypercholesterolaemia? Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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