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Friddle CJ, Abuin A, Ramirez-Solis R, Richter LJ, Buxton EC, Edwards J, Finch RA, Gupta A, Hansen G, Holt KH, Hu Y, Huang W, Jaing C, Key BW, Kipp P, Kohlhauff B, Ma ZQ, Markesich D, Newhouse M, Perry T, Platt KA, Potter DG, Qian N, Shaw J, Schrick J, Shi ZZ, Sparks MJ, Tran D, Wann ER, Walke W, Wallace JD, Xu N, Zhu Q, Person C, Sands AT, Zambrowicz BP. High-throughput mouse knockouts provide a functional analysis of the genome. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2004; 68:311-5. [PMID: 15338631 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2003.68.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ono J, Souza S, Walsh E, Chow D, Tran D, Shikuma C, Shiramizu B. 276 EFFECTS OF NIACIN ON HORMONE SENSITIVE LIPASE AND LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE EXPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-LIPODYSTROPHY SYNDROME. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Galinski M, Adnet F, Tran D, Karyo Z, Quintard H, Delettre D, Lebail E, Guignard B, Lebrault C, Chauvin M. Disposable laryngoscope blades do not interfere with ease of intubation in scheduled general anaesthesia patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2003; 20:731-5. [PMID: 12974595 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021503001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Intubation of the trachea has been a risky cross-contamination procedure over the past decade because no perfect decontamination procedures exist. Infectious agents found on laryngoscopic devices have the potential for devastating spread of the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis viruses B and C and transmissible non-conventional agents. The purpose of this prospective observational study was to assess the quality of endotracheal intubation with disposable laryngoscope blades, under normal intubating conditions. METHODS Anaesthetists were asked to complete daily questionnaires regarding the difficulty of intubation experienced using the Vital View disposable laryngoscope blade (Vital Signs Inc, Totowa, NC, USA). The choice of the type of blade (conventional or disposable blade) for the first attempt at intubation depended only on the operating room assignment. Glottic visualization during laryngoscopy was assessed by the modified Cormack and Lehane classification. Difficult tracheal intubation was evaluated by the intubation difficulty scale (> 5, procedure involving moderate to major difficulty). RESULTS The anaesthetic staff recorded 219 intubations. One hundred-and-nineteen of first attempts at laryngoscopy were with disposable blades (DB group) and another 100 with conventional blades (CB group). There were no significant differences between the two groups for Cormack and Lehane score 3, for intubation difficulty scale scores > 5 and for intubation difficulty scale score 0. There were 12 blade changes before successful intubation. CONCLUSIONS In routine use, the Vital View disposable laryngoscope blade appears to be an efficient device because it does not modify the ease of endotracheal intubation in most cases. Nonetheless, it may be advisable to maintain conventional laryngoscopes in reserve for difficult intubations.
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Howes JB, Tran D, Brillante D, Howes LG. Effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on ambulatory blood pressure and endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2003; 5:325-32. [PMID: 12940870 DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-1326.2003.00282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover affected ambulatory blood pressure and forearm vascular endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women. DESIGN Sixteen postmenopausal type 2 diabetics treated with diet or oral hypoglycaemic therapy completed a randomized double-blind crossover trial of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover (approximately 50 mg/day) for 4 weeks compared to placebo. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings and forearm vascular responses to acetylcholine, nitroprusside and L-nitromonomethylarginine (L-NMMA) were measured at the end of each treatment period. RESULTS Mean daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower during isoflavone therapy compared to placebo (-8.0 +/- 3.4 and -4.3 +/- 1.9 mmHg respectively, p < 0.05). The increase in forearm vascular resistance following L-NMMA was significantly greater during isoflavone supplementation (20.9 +/- 6.5) than placebo (3.7 +/- 2.9 arbitrary units, p < 0.05), suggesting an improvement in basal endothelial function. Plasma lipoproteins, glycated haemoglobin and forearm vascular responses to acetylcholine and nitroprusside did not differ significantly between isoflavone and placebo therapy. CONCLUSION Isoflavone supplementation from red clover may favourably influence blood pressure and endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women.
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Ando C, Segawa R, Gana C, Li L, Walters J, Sava R, Barry T, Goh KS, Lee P, Tran D, White J, Hsu J. Dissipation and offsite movement of forestry herbicides in plants of importance to Native Americans in California National Forests. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2003; 71:354-361. [PMID: 14560388 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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106
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Helft G, Elalamy I, Laudy C, Tran D, Beygui F, Le Feuvre C, Ounissi F, Monnet de Lorbeau B, Khellaf C, Metzger JP. [Clopidogrel and thrombopenia. A case report]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2003; 52:191-3. [PMID: 12938574 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3928(02)00185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report our experience with a case of isolated profound thrombocytopenia after clopidogrel (thienopyridine) administration. No adverse event such as bleeding or thrombotic event had occurred, although clopidogrel has been discontinued two weeks after the coronary artery stenting. Despite the safety of clopidogrel, this case demonstrates that clopidogrel can be associated not only with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura but also with isolated thrombocytopenia.
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Barré J, Ledudal P, Oosterhuis B, Brakenhoff JPG, Wilkens G, Sollie FAE, Tran D. Pharmacokinetic profile of a modified release formulation of trimetazidine (TMZ MR 35 mg) in the elderly and patients with renal failure. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2003; 24:159-64. [PMID: 12698499 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives - To study the effect of age and renal function on the pharmacokinetic profile of a modified release tablet of trimetazidine (TMZ MR 35 mg) administered twice daily.Methods- Study 1: Twelve healthy elderly subjects (CL(creat) 72+/-8 ml/min, 72+/-4 years mean+/-SD) and eight young volunteers (CL(creat) 134+/-18 ml/min, 25+/-8 years) received TMZ MR 35 mg b.i.d. (eight doses). Study 2: eight patients with severe renal failure (CL(creat.) 17+/-5 ml/min, 54+/-10 years), five patients with moderate renal failure (CL(creat.) 39+/-6 ml/min, 54+/-15 years) and eight volunteers (CL(creat.) 104+/-17 ml/min, 53+/-9 years) received TMZ MR 35 mg b.i.d. (patients: ten doses, volunteers: eight doses). Serial blood and urine samples were obtained following administration of the last dose in each study. TMZ plasma and urine concentrations were determined by gas chromatography (NPD-detector). The resulting data were analysed using standard non-compartmental pharmacokinetic methods.Results- Study 1: Elimination half-life of TMZ was significantly longer and renal clearance significantly lower in the elderly subjects. Study 2: In patients with either moderate or severe renal failure, exposure (AUC(0-24)) was significantly increased and renal clearance (CL(R)) was significantly decreased. Significant correlations were observed between CL(creat) and CL(R) (r=0.94) and between CL(creat) and AUC(0-24) (r=-0.94). Conclusion - With repeated administration of TMZ MR 35 mg b.i.d., a decrease in CL(creat) is directly related to a decrease in CL(R) and results in an increase in exposure to TMZ.
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Abstract
Melioidosis is a rare tropical disease caused by infection with the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It occurs predominantly in south-east Asia, northern and central Australia and central and south America. Patients often present to the internal medicine physicians with a severe, potentially fatal sepsis. We report three patients who presented to our dermatology department with cutaneous melioidosis.
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Abstract
Melioidosis is a rare tropical disease caused by infection with the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It occurs predominantly in south-east Asia, northern and central Australia and central and south America. Patients often present to the internal medicine physicians with a severe, potentially fatal sepsis. We report three patients who presented to our dermatology department with cutaneous melioidosis.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the EVA material (polyvinylacetate-polyethylene copolymer) most commonly used in the fabrication of mouthguards and thus to help understand mouthguard performance and to improve mouthguard design. The material was tested for tensile strength, elongation, hardness and water absorption using specimens and tests described by the American Society for Testing and Materials Standards. Standard EVA sheets of 1, 2, 3 and 5 mm thickness were prepared. With increase in the thickness of the material, both the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation were decreased. The hardness and water absorption were unaffected. It was concluded that. overall, the thicker 5 mm EVA material was recommended for mouthguards as it displayed the least deformation to load and performed equally as well in the tests as other thicknesses.
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Tran D, Boudou A, Massabuau JC. How water oxygenation level influences cadmium accumulation pattern in the Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea: a laboratory and field study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2001; 20:2073-2080. [PMID: 11521837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The level of O2 in water is highly variable in the aquatic environment and is a major ventilatory drive in all animals breathing water. Low O2 partial pressure (PO2) strongly stimulates ventilatory activity compared to air-equilibrated or O2-enriched water. We studied the influence of ventilatory activity on the bioaccumulation rate of Cd in the freshwater Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea for PO2 ranging from 4 to 40 kPa (2-20 mg/L at 15 degrees C) during steady-state exposure to controlled concentrations of Cd of approximately 2 or 0.5 microg/L under both laboratory and field conditions. The concentration of Cd in the expired water and its apparent extraction coefficient (EwCd) from the ventilated water were calculated. Results show that a low PO2 strongly enhanced Cd bioaccumulation rate in the whole soft body and modified the distribution pattern and the relative burden in the organs. Whatever the water PO2, values for the concentration of Cd in the expired water remained close to the Cd concentration in the inspired water and EwCd varied from 2 to 12%. Because the field results conformed to the laboratory analysis, the suggestion is made that the influence of O2 on bioaccumulation patterns of metals in water-breathers should be classified as of primary importance.
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Tran D, Phoon S, Howes L. The effects of candesartan on vascular responses to angiotensin II and norepinephrine in normal volunteers. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2001; 2:199-203. [PMID: 11881123 DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2001.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of chronic administration of candesartan, 16 mg once-daily, to normal volunteers on cardiovascular responses to angiotensin II (Ang II) and norepinephrine (NE) were examined. Fifteen healthy, non-smoking volunteers participated in a randomised, double-blind crossover study of two weeks of candesartan therapy, compared with two weeks of placebo. Blood pressure (BP) responses were measured to increasing infusion rates of intravenous Ang II and NE, along with forearm blood flow (FBF) responses into intra-brachial arterial Ang II, 2 and 24 hours after the last dose of candesartan or placebo. FBF responses to intra-brachial arterial NE were recorded approximately 2 hours following the final dose. Systolic and diastolic BP responses to intravenous infusions of Ang II during candesartan treatment were completely suppressed and significantly lower than during placebo treatment, 2 hours (candesartan 96+/-10/55+/-8 mmHg; placebo 105+/-5/64+/-8 mmHg) and 24 hours (candesartan 94+/-8/54+/-8 mmHg; placebo 103+/-7/64+/-7 mmHg) following the last dose. In contrast, FBF responses to intra-brachial arterial Ang II were significantly suppressed by candesartan compared with placebo in a subgroup of subjects 2 hours following the last dose (n=9), but not 24 hours after the last dose (n=8). FBF responses to NE were also suppressed by candesartan treatment 2 hours following the last dose, while BP responses to intravenous NE were unaltered. Chronic candesartan therapy, 16 mg once-daily effectively suppresses pressor responses to Ang II over the duration of the dosing interval.
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Wang AY, Bobryshev YV, Cherian SM, Liang H, Tran D, Inder SJ, Lord RS, Ashwell KW, Farnsworth AE. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins and structural features of cell death in explanted aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts. CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2001; 9:319-28. [PMID: 11420155 DOI: 10.1016/s0967-2109(00)00125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the features of cell death occurring in aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts. Human aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts with angiographic luminal stenosis of > 75% were explanted from 14 patients at redo coronary artery bypass grafting. Proteins associated with apoptotic pathways were identified immunohistochemically using antibodies to Bcl-2, Fas, BAX, p53 and CPP32. Cells undergoing DNA fragmentation were identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). DNA synthesis was investigated using the antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Ultrastructural features of cell death were examined by electron microscopy. Anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic (Bax, p53, CPP32 and Fas) proteins were expressed throughout the graft wall, but marked differences in the characteristics of cell death were noted between atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic areas of the intima. In atherosclerotic areas, pro-apoptotic proteins were widely expressed, but ultrastructural analysis failed to identify cells showing typical features of apoptosis. In these areas, necrotic cells were frequently observed, with negative correlation of Bcl-2 expression with TUNEL. Pro-apoptotic proteins showed no correlation with TUNEL. In contrast, in non-atherosclerotic areas of vein grafts, the expression of both anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic proteins (p53, Bax and CPP32) correlated with TUNEL. In atherosclerotic areas, non-atherosclerotic intimal areas, and in the underlying media, the numbers of TUNEL+ cells correlated with PCNA positivity. Ultrastructurally, apoptotic bodies and features of necrosis were observed in non-atherosclerotic areas of grafts. The present observations indicate that in atherosclerotic areas, cell death occurs mainly by necrosis, while in non-atherosclerotic areas, cell death occurs by both necrosis and apoptosis. An imbalance between DNA fragmentation and DNA synthesis may contribute to graft instability and failure.
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Field A, Chamberlain N, Tran D, Morey A. SUGGESTIONS FOR HER-2/neu TESTING IN BREAST CARCINOMA, BASED ON A COMPARISON OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDISATION. Pathology 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/00313020120070839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Tran D, Kwok YK, Goh CL. A retrospective review of PUVA therapy at the National Skin Centre of Singapore. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2001; 17:164-7. [PMID: 11499537 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0781.2001.170404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photochemotherapy (PUVA) is beneficial for the treatment of various dermatoses. The introduction of ultraviolet B and narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy has had a significant impact on the role of PUVA in dermatology. This study aims to assess the current role of PUVA in treating dermatoses, in a predominantly Asian population, at the National Skin Centre in Singapore. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the clinical data of 115 patients who were started on PUVA treatment at the National Skin Centre, Singapore in 1998. We analysed the epidemiology data, the clinical response rate and the adverse effects of PUVA therapy. All of the patients continued to have ongoing maintenance treatment. RESULTS Most of our patients were Chinese (74.8%) and male (58.3%), ranging from the ages of 4 to 74 years. Vitiligo (60.9%) was the commonest skin disorder treated with PUVA, followed by psoriasis (20.9%), endogenous eczema (11.3%), mycosis fungoides (3.5%), lichen amyloidosis (2.6%) and prurigo nodularis (0.9%). Most of our patients received paint PUVA (50.4%), 33.9% oral PUVA and 15.7% bath PUVA. The best clinical response--those patients achieving a greater that 50% clearance--was observed in patients with endogenous eczema, psoriasis and mycosis fungoides (76.8%, 73.9% and 60%, respectively). Of the vitiliginous patients, 54.3% experienced a poor response to PUVA therapy. The main side effects were mild erythema and pruritus. CONCLUSION PUVA remains a valuable, well-tolerated therapeutic option for a variety of dermatoses.
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Field AS, Chamberlain NL, Tran D, Morey AL. Suggestions for HER-2/neu testing in breast carcinoma, based on a comparison of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Pathology 2001; 33:278-82. [PMID: 11523924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The arrival of Herceptin (Trastuzumab), an antibody against the HER-2 oncogene found in a proportion of breast carcinomas and other carcinomas, has emphasised the need for a standardised technique for demonstrating overexpression of HER-2. We compared the Dako A485 antibody and Dako HercepTest kit (HT) on a series of 122 breast carcinomas. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) (Vysis) was performed on all cases with positive or equivocal immunohistochemical results. The Dako A485 showed HER-2 overexpression in 53% of carcinomas, while the HT showed 21% positive (HT 2+ 8%, HT 3+ 13%) and 79% negative (HT 0 67%, HT 1+ 12%). FISH for HER-2 gene amplification on all the HT 1+ and HT 2+ cases was negative, whereas FISH analysis of all HT 3+ cases was positive, with the exception of one case which could not be analysed for technical reasons. When histological subtype was analysed, only grade 3 infiltrating duct carcinomas were FISH-positive, suggesting that histological grading and subtyping may be able to triage carcinomas suitable for HER-2 testing. We suggest that the HT or a similar standardised immunohistochemical study for HER-2 can be used to screen breast carcinomas. We then recommend FISH where the carcinoma is HT 2+. FISH may also be appropriate in high grade, HT 1+ carcinomas where there are doubts regarding optimal tissue fixation or block storage conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Centromere
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Female
- Genes, erbB-2/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Staging
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Trastuzumab
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Allen U, Hebert D, Petric M, Tellier R, Tran D, Superina R, Stephens D, West L, Wasfy S, Nelson S. Utility of semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction for Epstein-Barr virus to measure virus load in pediatric organ transplant recipients with and without posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33:145-50. [PMID: 11418872 DOI: 10.1086/321806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2000] [Revised: 10/20/2000] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the utility of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load as a test for the presence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). A semiquantitative (SQ) EBV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was used to determine virus load. We compared the values from pediatric patients, both with and without PTLD, with those from healthy pediatric and adult subjects. The virus loads for asymptomatic healthy subjects had a range of 0-1 log10 cells/10(6) PBMCs. Among transplant recipients (n=135), the mean virus load (+/- standard deviation) at the time of diagnosis of PTLD was 3.1+/-1.2 log(10) cells/10(6) PBMCs versus a baseline value of 1.3+/-1.4 log(10) cells/10(6) PBMCs in children without PTLD (P<.0001). A cutoff of > or =3 log10 cells/10(6) peripheral blood leukocytes resulted in the following values for use of virus load as a test for PTLD: sensitivity, 69%; specificity, 76%; positive predictive value, 28%; and negative predictive value, 95%. We conclude that determination of EBV load by use of SQ PCR is more useful in ruling out than in indicating the presence of PTLD.
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Tran D, Muchant DG, Aronoff SC. Short-course versus conventional length antimicrobial therapy for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in children: a meta-analysis of 1279 patients. J Pediatr 2001; 139:93-9. [PMID: 11445800 DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2001.114698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the efficacies of single-dose, short-course (4 days or less), and standard course (5 days or greater) antimicrobial therapy for uncomplicated childhood cystitis. METHODS Prospective, randomized, controlled trials comparing 4 days or less of therapy (short courses) with 5 days or more of therapy (conventional therapy) were included if all of the subjects were <18 years of age, the initial infection was documented by urine culture, at least 1 subsequent culture was obtained between 3 and 30 days of enrollment, and some attempt was made to separate upper tract from lower tract infection. Composite differences among treatment groups were compared with a fixed or random effects model, depending on the test for heterogeneity. RESULTS Of the 517 citations identified by literature search, 37 were selected for detailed review, and 22 were included in the final meta-analysis. The overall difference in cure rates between short and conventional courses of therapy was significant (6.38%; 95% CI: 1.88% to 10.89%), favoring the conventional course. Similar results were obtained when only studies comparing the same agents in the short and conventional courses were included (7.92%; 95% CI: 2.09% to 13.8%). Short-course amoxicillin was inferior to conventional length course (difference in cure rate, 13%; 95% CI: 4% to 24%); no difference was found between short-course and conventional length courses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (difference in cure rate, 6.24%; 95% CI = -3.74% to 16.2%). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that single-dose amoxicillin is inadequate therapy for uncomplicated cystitis of childhood. Three days of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy appears to be as effective as conventional length courses of the drug.
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Florence G, Bonnier R, Riondet L, Plagnes D, Lagarde D, Van Beers P, Serra A, Etienne X, Tran D. Cerebral cortical blood flow during loss of consciousness induced by gravitational stress in rhesus monkeys. Neurosci Lett 2001; 305:99-102. [PMID: 11376893 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of +Gz acceleration (head-to-foot inertial forces) onset on cerebral cortical blood flow (CBF) of rhesus monkeys to study the mechanisms underlying +Gz-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC). CBF was measured through a chronic cranial window by laser-Doppler flowmetry and electrodes in contact with the dura mater were used to detect G-LOC (suppression of the cortical electrical activity). The animals were centrifuged up to +12 Gz with different G-onset rate until G-LOC occurred. G-LOC was preceded by a 2-5 s decrease in CBF. At G-LOC detection, CBF was not related to G-onset rate (mean CBF change: -76 +/- 9% of control value). We conclude that G-LOC results from cerebral ischemia rather than from mechanical stresses applied to the brain.
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Reist C, Mazzanti C, Vu R, Tran D, Goldman D. Serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism is associated with attenuated prolactin response to fenfluramine. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 105:363-8. [PMID: 11378851 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in central serotonin (5-HT) function may have a role in impulsive aggression in patients with a wide range of psychiatric diagnoses. The underlying mechanism, however, remains unknown. There are several naturally occurring mutations in the 5-HT signaling pathway that may underlie differences in 5-HT function and responsivity to drugs that affect 5-HT functioning. In the present study, we examined the relationship between polymorphisms in the promoter region of the gene coding for the neuronal 5-HT transporter, fenfluramine-induced prolactin release, and aggressive impulsivity (as measured by Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, and Brown-Goodwin Aggression Scale scores), in a group of abstinent alcoholic patients and healthy volunteers. We report here that possession of the short variant of the 5-HT transporter promoter polymorphism was associated with a blunting of overall central 5-HT function, as measured by fenfluramine-induced prolactin release. We found no relationship between aggressive, hostile, or impulsive traits and fenfluramine-induced prolactin release or between these traits and polymorphisms in the 5-HT transporter promoter. Thus, we have shown that a 5-HT transporter promoter genotype, which has previously been associated with anxiety-based behaviors, alters an in vivo measure of central 5-HT function (fenfluramine-induced prolactin release), providing an important mechanism for linkage between a gene, physiological function, and behavior. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Cherian SM, Bobryshev YV, Liang H, Inder SJ, Wang AY, Lord RS, Tran D, Pandey P, Halasz P, Farnsworth AE. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence that dendritic cells infiltrate stenotic aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts. CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2001; 9:194-200. [PMID: 11250191 DOI: 10.1016/s0967-2109(00)00102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We earlier speculated that antigen-presenting dendritic cells may be involved in the immune reactions leading to saphenous vein bypass graft failure. The purpose of this study was to confirm whether dendritic cells are present in stenotic human saphenous vein bypass grafts. Segments of stenotic saphenous vein grafts were explanted from 14 patients at re-do bypass operation and ten normal saphenous veins were harvested during femoro-popliteal grafting. Sections of specimens were analysed using cell type specific antibodies to identify dendritic cells (CD1a, S-100), T-lymphocytes (CD3), macrophages (CD68), smooth muscle cells (alpha-SMA) and endothelial cells (FVIII). Dual immunostaining, confocal immunofluorescent laser scanning microscopy and electron microscopy were used. Stenotic grafts showed structural alterations of intimal hyperplasia and varying degrees of atherosclerotic degeneration. No cells expressing CD1a and S-100 were observed in the intima and media of normal saphenous veins. Cells expressing these antigens were present around areas of medial neovascularization and within intimal atherosclerotic lesions in saphenous vein bypass grafts. Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of cells containing a well-developed tubulovesicular system which is unique to cells from the dendritic cell family. Double immunohistochemistry and confocal immunofluorescent microscopy revealed the co-localization of T-lymphocytes with dendritic cells. Dendritic cells are present in stenotic saphenous vein bypass grafts. Dendritic cells may be responsible for antigen presentation and modulation of immune reactions in accelerated graft atherosclerosis through their interaction with T-lymphocytes.
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Theuer CP, Wagner JL, Taylor TH, Brewster WR, Tran D, McLaren CE, Anton-Culver H. Racial and ethnic colorectal cancer patterns affect the cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening in the United States. Gastroenterology 2001; 120:848-56. [PMID: 11231939 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2001.22535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Colorectal cancer screening beginning at age 50 is recommended for all Americans considered at "average" risk for the development of colorectal cancer. METHODS We used 1988-1995 California Cancer Registry data to compare the cost-effectiveness of two 35-year colorectal cancer screening interventions among Asians, blacks, Latinos, and Whites. RESULTS Average annual age-specific colorectal cancer incidence rates were highest in blacks and lowest in Latinos. Screening beginning at age 50 was most cost-effective in blacks and least cost-effective in Latinos (measured as dollars spent per year of life saved), using annual fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) combined with flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years and using colonoscopy every 10 years. A 35-year screening program beginning in blacks at age 42, whites at age 44, or Asians at age 46 was more cost-effective than screening Latinos beginning at age 50. CONCLUSIONS Colorectal cancer screening programs beginning at age 50, using either FOBT and flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy in each racial or ethnic group, are within the $40,000-$60,000 per year of life saved upper cost limit considered acceptable for preventive strategies. Screening is most cost-effective in blacks because of high age-specific colorectal cancer incidence rates.
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Lawson JS, Tran D, Rawlinson WD. From Bittner to Barr: a viral, diet and hormone breast cancer aetiology hypothesis. Breast Cancer Res 2001; 3:81-5. [PMID: 11250750 PMCID: PMC138675 DOI: 10.1186/bcr275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2000] [Revised: 09/05/2000] [Accepted: 09/19/2000] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesized that the human homologue of the mouse mammary tumour virus (HHMMTV) and other viruses, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), act as cofactors with diet, oestrogens and other hormones in the initiation and promotion of some types of breast cancer in genetically susceptible women. It is further hypothesized that diet influences the risk of breast cancer, through its influence on oestrogen metabolism and that of other hormones, in combination with genetic and infectious agents.
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Field A, Chamberlain N, Tran D, Morey A. Suggestions for HER-2/neu testing in breast carcinoma, based on a comparison of immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Pathology 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/00313020126317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
We report 20 patients who contracted cutaneous leishmaniasis in Central and South America, 18 of them in Belize. The diagnosis was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 79% of those tested; the corresponding figure for histology was 62%, touch smear 46%, and culture 11%. Results of PCR can be falsely positive, so treatment should not be based on PCR alone. Of the 20 cases 18 were healed 6 weeks after intravenous sodium stibogluconate 20 mg/kg per day for 20 days. We present a management protocol.
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