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Zhao S, Sima A, Mahon R, Tennyson N, Weiss E. Tumor Volume Changes During and after Radiation Therapy as a Predictor for Local Recurrence in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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102
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Gockel-Blessing E, Weiss E, Ramel M, Wright K. Heart Rate Response to Caffeine Ingestion as a Predictor of Magnitude and Direction of Blood Pressure Changes. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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103
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Golbek A, Reafsnyder S, Rancourt D, Kelly P, Rahman R, Weiss E. Peppermint Oil Fails to Improve Exercise Performance. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.06.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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104
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Mandolfo C, Baumgart C, Weiss E, Stephen F. Consuming An Anti-Inflammatory Diet to Alleviate Chronic Pain. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.06.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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105
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Weiss E, Wroble K, Trott M, Schweitzer G, Rahman R, Kelly P. Low-carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet Impairs Anaerobic Exercise Performance. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.06.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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106
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Lowe A, Eliot K, Kelly P, Weiss E. Sodium Bicarbonate Loading: Effects on Exercise BP and GI Distress. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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107
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Lee J, Facchini R, Cohen J, Weiss E, McGinley J, Pakray H, Vissicchio N, Masur D. B - 37Case Study of Possible PSP with Severe Functional Impairment in a 59-Year-Old Woman. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy061.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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108
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Darmon M, Helms J, De Jong A, Hjortrup PB, Weiss E, Granholm A, Pinciroli R, Poussardin C, Petersen MW, Sigaut S, Barreto BB, Moller MH, Azoulay E. Time trends in the reporting of conflicts of interest, funding and affiliation with industry in intensive care research: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med 2018; 44:1669-1678. [PMID: 30141174 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-018-5350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conflict of interest (COI) may compromise, or have the appearance of compromising, a researcher's judgment or integrity in conducting or reporting research. We sought to assess time trends of COI and funding statement reporting in the critical care literature. METHODS PubMed was searched by using Medical Subject Headings and the appropriate corresponding keywords: "INTENSIVE CARE UNIT" or "ICU" as a major topic. Four years in a 15-year time period (2001-2016) were arbitrarily chosen and one study month was randomly selected for each study period. Studies published during the selected months were included in the analysis. RESULTS Three hundred and seventy-four studies were evaluated, including five reviews (1.3%) and ten randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (2.7%). COI statements were available in 65% of the studies and 8% had declared COI. COI statement rate, declared COI and funding statements increased over time, while the number of authors affiliated with industry and the discordance between the lack of COI statement and affiliation with industry decreased. Declared COI were more frequent in 2011-2016 as compared to 2001-2010 (OR 4.06; 95% CI 1.15-25.79) and in the higher quartile of a journal's impact factor (OR of 16.73; 95% CI 3.28-306.20). Surprisingly, focus of the study, country of the first author and/or endorsement of the study by a trial group were not associated with COI statements. CONCLUSION Our study suggests COI reporting to have been unintuitive to most investigators and unreliable before ICMJE statements, and that strong incentives are needed to implement adequate reporting of COI.
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109
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Rolas L, Boussif A, Weiss E, Lettéron P, Haddad O, El-Benna J, Rautou PE, Moreau R, Périanin A. NADPH oxidase depletion in neutrophils from patients with cirrhosis and restoration via toll-like receptor 7/8 activation. Gut 2018; 67:1505-1516. [PMID: 28601846 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cirrhosis downregulates phagocyte oxidant production via their antibacterial superoxide-generating system, NADPH oxidase (NOX2) and increases patients' susceptibility to infection and mortality rate. To explore novel biochemical parameters that explain susceptibility to infections, we investigated the expression of NOX2 and partners in neutrophils of patients with severe alcoholic cirrhosis and have provided a novel approach to restore superoxide production capacity in patients' neutrophils and blood. DESIGN Neutrophils were isolated from patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis. NOX2 activity was assessed after stimulation of purified neutrophils or whole blood with the bacterial-derived peptide fMet-Leu-Phe. The expression of NOX2 and partners was studied by western blot analysis, flow cytometry and reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS The impaired superoxide production by patients' neutrophils was associated with a severe deficient expression of the NADPH oxidase catalytic core flavocytochrome-b558 (gp91 phox /NOX2 and p22 phox ), its cytosolic partner p47 phox but not p67 phox . NOX2 expression decreased rapidly by protein degradation involving elastase released during degranulation of healthy neutrophils stimulated with fMet-Leu-Phe, or highly present in patients' plasma. Interestingly, the deficient superoxide production was reversed by treatment of patients' neutrophils and whole blood with toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonists. This treatment stimulated a rapid NOX2 transcription and translation through a process involving mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) whose expression was also deficient in patients' neutrophils. NOX2 expression was also increased by the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide but with only a modest improvement of reactive oxygen species production. CONCLUSION Impairment of neutrophil oxidants production in alcoholic cirrhosis is associated with NOX2 degradation and deficient mTOR-dependent translational machinery. The NOX2 depletion can be reversed via TRL7/8 activation and might be used to restore antimicrobial responses of immunocompromised patients.
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110
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Weiss E, Teredesai A, Hoffmann R, Hoffmann-Fezer G. Volume Distribution and Ultrastructure of Platelets in Acute Hog Cholera. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryHog cholera is an excellent model to study virus related haemorrhagic diatheses of man, since coagulation parameters and morphology of swine platelets are quite similar to those of man. 15 pigs were infected with hog cholera virus. The volume distribution curves of platelets, immediately stabilized with glutaraldehyde after sampling, indicates a right shift of their peaks after infection, which is due to increase in number of megathrombocytes and aggregates. Electron microscopy shows from the first day p.i. an increase in number of giant platelets, and thrombocytes with multiple dense granules including “bull’s eyes”, more mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. These findings indicate an accelerated thrombocytopoiesis, in which more immature platelets appear in the blood stream. The other changes (dilatation of surface connecting system, increase of dense tubular system and microtubuli, formation of aggregates) are obviously due to a release-reaction, following adsorption and phagocytosis of the virus by the platelets. The studies reveal that in the beginning of acute hog cholera platelets already are directly damaged by the virus. Since thrombocytopoiesis cannot match the severe and progredient destruction of platelets, from the second day p.i. marked thrombocytopenia develops. Together with virus-induced endothelial lesions and disseminated intravascular coagulation, as described by us, it causes the haemorrhagic diathesis, typical for terminal stages of acute hog cholera.
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Loidl C, Bauer J, Weiss E, Schindlbeck C. Ist der Verzicht auf eine Axilladissektion bei Patientinnen mit primärem Mammakarzinom und ein bis zwei Tumor-befallenen Wächterlymphknoten immer gerechtfertigt? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1655517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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112
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Weiss E, Paugam-Burtz C. [Gastrointestinal bleeding]. LA REVUE DU PRATICIEN 2018; 68:e189-e196. [PMID: 30869436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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113
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Weiss E, Paugam-Burtz C. [Emergency management of gastrointestinal bleeding]. LA REVUE DU PRATICIEN 2018; 68:e197. [PMID: 30869437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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114
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Dan G, Badila E, Weiss E, Laroche C, Boriani G, Dan A, Tavazzi L, Maggioni A, Crijns H, Popescu R, Blommaert D, Streb W, Lip G. Arterial hypertension in patients with atrial fibrillation in Europe: A report from the EURObservational Research Programme pilot survey on atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2018; 254:136-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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115
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Nitz U, Gluz O, Huober J, Kreipe HH, Kates RE, Hartmann A, Erber R, Moustafa Z, Scholz M, Lisboa B, Mohrmann S, Möbus V, Augustin D, Hoffmann G, Weiss E, Böhmer S, Kreienberg R, Du Bois A, Sattler D, Thomssen C, Kiechle M, Jänicke F, Wallwiener D, Harbeck N, Kuhn W. Final analysis of the prospective WSG-AGO EC-Doc versus FEC phase III trial in intermediate-risk (pN1) early breast cancer: efficacy and predictive value of Ki67 expression. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:2899. [PMID: 27634692 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
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116
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Reshko L, Kalman N, Hugo G, Weiss E. Cardiac Radiation Dose Distribution and Cardiotoxicity in Early-Stage Non–small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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117
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Jan N, Guy C, Reshko L, Hugo G, Weiss E. Heart Volume and Dosimetric Variability during Radiation Treatment of Non–small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.2224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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118
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Kalman N, Hugo G, Mahon R, Mukhopadhyay N, Weiss E. Radiographic Lung Changes after Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy: Imaging and Clinical Factors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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119
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Chipko C, Ojwang J, Weiss E. Chest Wall Toxicity in Long-Term Follow-Up after Thoracic Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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120
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Kalman N, Hugo G, Kahn J, Zhao S, Jan N, Mahon R, Weiss E. Interobserver Reliability in Describing Radiographic Lung Changes After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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121
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Stimmel M, Facchini R, Weiss E, McGinley J, Masur D. B-30Neuropsychological Profile of a Child with Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy: A Case Study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx076.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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122
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Portnoy J, Weiss E, Facchini R, Masur D, Mcginley J. PGR-3A Case of Autism Spectrum Disorder Associated with Chromosome 17p13.3 Duplication: Implications for Pediatric Neuropsychological Practice. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx073.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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123
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Heinritz SN, Weiss E, Seifert J, Mosenthin R, Kuß S, Degenhardt AG, Koch TJ. Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:474-482. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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124
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Timsit JF, de Kraker MEA, Sommer H, Weiss E, Bettiol E, Wolkewitz M, Nikolakopoulos S, Wilson D, Harbarth S. Appropriate endpoints for evaluation of new antibiotic therapies for severe infections: a perspective from COMBACTE's STAT-Net. Intensive Care Med 2017; 43:1002-1012. [PMID: 28466147 PMCID: PMC5487537 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-017-4802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this era of rising antimicrobial resistance, slowly refilling antibiotic development pipelines, and an aging population, we need to ensure that randomized clinical trials (RCTs) determine the added benefit of new antibiotic agents effectively and in a valid way, especially for severely ill patients. Unfortunately, universally accepted endpoints for the evaluation of new drugs in severe infections are lacking. METHODS We review and discuss the current practices and challenges regarding endpoints in RCTs in this field and propose novel approaches. RESULTS Usual endpoints actually recommended for drug development suffer from important flaws. Mortality requires large sample size and only partly related to the infectious process. Clinical cure rate is highly subjective in critically ill patients where symptoms may be related to other intercurrent events. Currently, composite endpoints, hierarchical nested designs, and competing risks analysis seem to be the most promising new tools for designing and analyzing clinical trials in this area, although they require further validation. CONCLUSION Regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical companies, and clinicians need to agree on the most appropriate clinical endpoints for severe infections to ensure efficient approval of new, effective antibiotic agents.
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Weiss E, Essaied W, Adrie C, Zahar JR, Timsit JF. Treatment of severe hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review of inclusion and judgment criteria used in randomized controlled trials. Crit Care 2017; 21:162. [PMID: 28655326 PMCID: PMC5488424 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP) are often selected for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) aiming at new drug approval. Guidelines for the design of such RCTs have been repeatedly updated by regulatory agencies. We hypothesized that large variability in the enrolled populations, the endpoints assessed and the HAP/VAP definition criteria may impact the results of these studies, and addressed this through a systematic review of HAP/VAP RCTs. METHODS A search (Pubmed-Embase-ICAAC-ECCMID) of all RCTs published between 1994 and 2016 comparing antimicrobial treatment for HAP/VAP in the intensive care unit was conducted. The populations enrolled, inclusion/exclusion criteria, statistical design and endpoints assessed were recorded. All unpublished RCTs recorded on the ClinicalTrials.gov registry were also screened. RESULTS From the 93 abstracts reviewed, 39 potentially relevant studies were inspected, leading to 27 studies being included. As expected, illness severity or the proportion with VAP (27-100%) differed greatly among the enrolled populations. The HAP/VAP definition used various clinical and biological criteria, and only 55% of studies required a microbiological sample. The mandatory duration of prior hospital stay was variable; the mechanical ventilation duration was an inclusion criterion in only 41% of VAP studies. Nine studies had non-inferiority design, but nine studies (33%) did not have a pre-specified statistical hypothesis. Clinical cure was the primary endpoint in 24 studies, but was recorded in several populations or as the co-primary endpoint in 13 studies. The definition of clinical cure and the timing of its assessment greatly differed. This variability slightly improved over time but remained significant in the 13 registered but currently unpublished RCTs that we screened. CONCLUSION Our study provides a description of populations and endpoints of RCTs evaluating antimicrobials for treatment of HAP/VAP in the ICU. There was significant heterogeneity in enrollment criteria, endpoints and statistical design, which may influence the ability of studies to demonstrate differences between studied drugs.
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