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Wuestefeld A, Berron D, van Westen D, Stomrud E, Mattsson‐Carlgren N, Strandberg O, Smith R, Palmqvist S, Glenn T, Hansson O, Wisse L. Unravelling drivers of age‐ and beta‐amyloid‐related neurodegeneration in medial temporal lobe atrophy in cognitively normal older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.055555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Berron D, Vogel JW, Insel P, Pereira JB, Xie L, Wisse L, Yushkevich PA, Palmqvist S, Mattsson‐Carlgren N, Stomrud E, Smith R, Strandberg O, Hansson O. Early stages of tau pathology and its associations with functional connectivity, atrophy and memory. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.053787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Johansson M, Stomrud E, Johansson P, Svenningsson AL, Palmqvist S, Janelidze S, van Westen D, Mattsson‐Carlgren N, Hansson O. Associations between longitudinal neuropsychiatric symptoms and biomarkers of beta‐amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.053469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Svenningsson AL, Ossenkoppele R, Stomrud E, Palmqvist S, Hansson O. Lower cognitive resilience against brain atrophy in cognitively unimpaired elderly is partly explained by Alzheimer's disease pathology. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.055140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pereira JB, Janelidze S, Smith R, Mattsson‐Carlgren N, Palmqvist S, Zetterberg H, Stomrud E, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Hansson O. Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein is an early and specific marker of amyloid‐β pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.055538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Palmqvist S, Tideman P, Cullen N, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Stomrud E, Janelidze S, Mattsson‐Carlgren N, Hansson O. Prediction of future Alzheimer’s disease dementia using plasma phospho‐tau combined with other accessible measures. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.053452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tideman P, Stomrud E, Mattsson N, Palmqvist S, Hansson O. Amyloid‐β accumulation is independently related to executive function in cognitively unimpaired adults. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.052016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Leuzy A, Smith R, Cullen N, Strandberg O, Janelidze S, Ohlsson T, Jögi J, Borroni E, Klein G, Dage JL, Palmqvist S, Mattsson‐Carlgren N, Stomrud E, Hansson O. Biomarker driven enrichment strategies for tau pathology in AD clinical trials. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.055656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Leuzy A, Janelidze S, Mattsson‐Carlgren N, Palmqvist S, Jacobs D, Cicognola C, Stomrud E, Vanmechelen E, Dage JL, Hansson O. Comparing the clinical utility and diagnostic performance of cerebrospinal fluid P‐tau181, P‐tau217 and P‐tau231 assays. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.055316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wuestefeld A, Berron D, van Westen D, Stomrud E, Mattsson‐Carlgren N, Strandberg O, Smith R, Palmqvist S, Glenn T, Hansson O, Wisse L. Potential drivers of age‐ and beta‐amyloid‐related neurodegeneration in early and late Alzheimer’s Disease regions in cognitively normal older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.058639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pavlik VN, Burnham SC, Kass JS, Helmer C, Palmqvist S, Vassilaki M, Dartigues JF, Hansson O, Masters CL, Pérès K, Petersen RC, Stomrud E, Butler L, Coloma PM, Teitsma XM, Doody R, Sano M. Connecting Cohorts to Diminish Alzheimer's Disease (CONCORD-AD): A Report of an International Research Collaboration Network. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:31-45. [PMID: 34776434 PMCID: PMC8842789 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal observational cohort studies are being conducted worldwide to understand cognition, biomarkers, and the health of the aging population better. Cross-cohort comparisons and networks of registries in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) foster scientific exchange, generate insights, and contribute to the evolving clinical science in AD. A scientific working group was convened with invited investigators from established cohort studies in AD, in order to form a research collaboration network as a resource to address important research questions. The Connecting Cohorts to Diminish Alzheimer’s Disease (CONCORD-AD) collaboration network was created to bring together global resources and expertise, to generate insights and improve understanding of the natural history of AD, to inform design of clinical trials in all disease stages, and to plan for optimal patient access to disease-modifying therapies once they become available. The network brings together expertise and data insights from 7 cohorts across Australia, Europe, and North America. Notably, the network includes populations recruited through memory clinics as well as population-based cohorts, representing observations from individuals across the AD spectrum. This report aims to introduce the CONCORD-AD network, providing an overview of the cohorts involved, reporting the common assessments used, and describing the key characteristics of the cohort populations. Cohort study designs and baseline population characteristics are compared, and available cognitive, functional, and neuropsychiatric symptom data, as well as the frequency of biomarker assessments, are summarized. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of cross-cohort studies in AD are discussed.
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Leuzy A, Janelidze S, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Palmqvist S, Jacobs D, Cicognola C, Stomrud E, Vanmechelen E, Dage JL, Hansson O. Comparing the Clinical Utility and Diagnostic Performance of CSF P-Tau181, P-Tau217, and P-Tau231 Assays. Neurology 2021; 97:e1681-e1694. [PMID: 34493616 PMCID: PMC8605616 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in CSF is considered an important biomarker in Alzheimer disease (AD) and has been incorporated in recent diagnostic criteria. Several variants exist, including p-tau at threonines 181 (p-tau181), 217 (p-tau217), and 231 (p-tau231). However, no studies have compared their diagnostic performance or association to β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau-PET. Understanding which p-tau variant to use remains an important yet answered question. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of p-tau181, p-tau217, and p-tau231 in CSF for AD and their association with Aβ and tau-PET. Methods A total of 629 participants in the Swedish BioFINDER-2 study were included (cognitively unimpaired, n = 334; Aβ-positive mild cognitive impairment, n = 84; AD dementia, n = 119; and non-AD disorders, n = 92). In addition to p-tau181 and p-tau217 measured using assays with the same detector antibodies from Eli Lilly (p-tau181Lilly, p-tau217Lilly) and p-tau231, we also included p-tau181 measurements from 2 commonly used assays (Innotest and Elecsys). Results Although all p-tau variants increased across the AD continuum, p-tau217Lilly showed the greatest dynamic range (13-fold increase vs 1.9–5.4-fold increase for other p-tau variants for AD dementia vs non-AD). P-Tau217Lilly showed stronger correlations with Aβ- and tau-PET (p < 0.0001). P-Tau217Lilly exhibited higher accuracy than other p-tau variants for separating AD dementia from non-AD (area under the curve [AUC], 0.98 vs 0.88 [p < 0.0001] - 0.96 [p < 0.05]) and for identifying Aβ-PET (AUC, 0.86 vs 0.74 [p < 0.0001] and 0.83 [p < 0.001]) and tau-PET positivity (AUC, 0.94 vs 0.80—0.92, p < 0.0001). Finally, p-Tau181Lilly generally performed better than the other p-tau181 assays (e.g., AD dementia vs non-AD, AUC, 0.96 vs 0.88 [p-tau181Innotest] and 0.89 [p-tau181Elecsys]; p < 0.0001). Discussion CSF p-tau217Lilly seems to be more useful than other included p-tau assays in the workup of AD. Varied results across p-tau181 assays highlights the importance of anti-tau antibodies for biomarker performance. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class II evidence that p-tau217 provides higher diagnostic accuracy for diagnosis of AD dementia than p-tau181 or p-tau231.
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Pannee J, Shaw LM, Korecka M, Waligorska T, Teunissen CE, Stoops E, Vanderstichele HMJ, Mauroo K, Verberk IMW, Keshavan A, Pesini P, Sarasa L, Pascual‐Lucas M, Fandos N, Allué J, Portelius E, Andreasson U, Yoda R, Nakamura A, Kaneko N, Yang S, Liu H, Palme S, Bittner T, Mawuenyega KG, Ovod V, Bollinger J, Bateman RJ, Li Y, Dage JL, Stomrud E, Hansson O, Schott JM, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. The global Alzheimer's Association round robin study on plasma amyloid β methods. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12242. [PMID: 34692980 PMCID: PMC8515356 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood-based assays to measure brain amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition are an attractive alternative to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-based assays currently used in clinical settings. In this study, we examined different blood-based assays to measure Aβ and how they compare among centers and assays. METHODS Aliquots from 81 plasma samples were distributed to 10 participating centers. Seven immunological assays and four mass-spectrometric methods were used to measure plasma Aβ concentrations. RESULTS Correlations were weak for Aβ42 while Aβ40 correlations were stronger. The ratio Aβ42/Aβ40 did not improve the correlations and showed weak correlations. DISCUSSION The poor correlations for Aβ42 in plasma might have several potential explanations, such as the high levels of plasma proteins (compared to CSF), sensitivity to pre-analytical sample handling and specificity, and cross-reactivity of different antibodies. Different methods might also measure different pools of plasma Aβ42. We, however, hypothesize that greater correlations might be seen in future studies because many of the methods have been refined during completion of this study.
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Nilsson MH, Tangen GG, Palmqvist S, van Westen D, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Stomrud E, Hansson O. The Effects of Tau, Amyloid, and White Matter Lesions on Mobility, Dual Tasking, and Balance in Older People. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:683-691. [PMID: 32506119 PMCID: PMC8011701 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate whether white matter lesions (WML), β-amyloid-, and tau pathologies are independently associated with mobility, dual tasking, and dynamic balance performance in older nondemented individuals. Methods We included 299 older people (mean, SD, age: 71.8, 5.6 years) from the Swedish BioFINDER study, whereof 175 were cognitively unimpaired and 124 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In multivariable regression analyses, dependent variables included mobility (Timed Up & Go [TUG]), dual tasking (TUG with a simultaneous subtraction task, that is, TUG-Cog, as well as dual task cost), and balance (Figure-of-eight). The analyses were controlled for age, sex, education, diagnosis (ie, MCI), and comorbidity (stroke, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease). Independent variables included WML volume, and measures of β-amyloid (abnormal cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] Aβ42/40 ratio) and tau pathology (CSF phosphorylated tau [p-tau]). Results Multivariable regression analyses showed that an increased WML volume was independently associated with decreased mobility, that is, TUG (standardized β = 0.247; p < .001). Tau pathology was independently associated with dual tasking both when using the raw data of TUG-Cog (β = 0.224; p = .003) and the dual-task cost (β= −0.246; p = .001). Amyloid pathology was associated with decreased balance, that is, Figure-of-eight (β = 0.172; p = .028). The independent effects of WML and tau pathology were mainly observed in those with MCI, which was not the case for the effects of amyloid pathology on balance. Conclusions Common brain pathologies have different effects where WML are independently associated with mobility, tau pathology has the strongest effect on dual tasking, and amyloid pathology seems to be independently associated with balance. Although these novel findings need to be confirmed in longitudinal studies, they suggest that different brain pathologies have different effects on mobility, balance, and dual-tasking in older nondemented individuals.
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Zetterberg H, Stomrud E. Alzheimer's disease in primary care: new tools for improved and simplified diagnostics. J Intern Med 2021; 290:477-479. [PMID: 33547829 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Boada M, Rodrigo A, Jessen F, Wimblad B, Kramberger M, Visser PJ, Simó R, Rodríguez-Gomez O, Ciudin A, Georges J, Dumas A, Maguire P, Krivec D, Wimo A, Valero S, Alegret M, Jamilis L, Zwan M, Sannemann L, Arrufat J, Stomrud E, Johansson G, Shering C, Glaysher B, Stewart N, Belger M, Iradier F, Campo L. Complementary pre-screening strategies to uncover hidden prodromal and mild Alzheimer's disease: Results from the MOPEAD project. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:1119-1127. [PMID: 34310061 PMCID: PMC9290633 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The Models of Patient Engagement for Alzheimer's Disease (MOPEAD) project was conceived to explore innovative complementary strategies to uncover hidden prodromal and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia cases and to raise awareness both in the general public and among health professionals about the importance of early diagnosis. Methods Four different strategies or RUNs were used: (a) a web‐based (WB) prescreening tool, (2) an open house initiative (OHI), (3) a primary care–based protocol for early detection of cognitive decline (PC), and (4) a tertiary care–based pre‐screening at diabetologist clinics (DC). Results A total of 1129 patients at high risk of having prodromal AD or dementia were identified of 2847 pre‐screened individuals (39.7%). The corresponding proportion for the different initiatives were 36.8% (WB), 35.6% (OHI), 44.4% (PC), and 58.3% (DC). Conclusion These four complementary pre‐screening strategies were useful for identifying individuals at high risk of having prodromal or mild AD.
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Ossenkoppele R, Reimand J, Smith R, Leuzy A, Strandberg O, Palmqvist S, Stomrud E, Zetterberg H, Scheltens P, Dage JL, Bouwman F, Blennow K, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Janelidze S, Hansson O. Tau PET correlates with different Alzheimer's disease-related features compared to CSF and plasma p-tau biomarkers. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14398. [PMID: 34254442 PMCID: PMC8350902 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PET, CSF and plasma biomarkers of tau pathology may be differentially associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related demographic, cognitive, genetic and neuroimaging markers. We examined 771 participants with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment or dementia from BioFINDER‐2 (n = 400) and ADNI (n = 371). All had tau‐PET ([18F]RO948 in BioFINDER‐2, [18F]flortaucipir in ADNI) and CSF p‐tau181 biomarkers available. Plasma p‐tau181 and plasma/CSF p‐tau217 were available in BioFINDER‐2 only. Concordance between PET, CSF and plasma tau biomarkers ranged between 66 and 95%. Across the whole group, ridge regression models showed that increased CSF and plasma p‐tau181 and p‐tau217 levels were independently of tau PET associated with higher age, and APOEɛ4‐carriership and Aβ‐positivity, while increased tau‐PET signal in the temporal cortex was associated with worse cognitive performance and reduced cortical thickness. We conclude that biofluid and neuroimaging markers of tau pathology convey partly independent information, with CSF and plasma p‐tau181 and p‐tau217 levels being more tightly linked with early markers of AD (especially Aβ‐pathology), while tau‐PET shows the strongest associations with cognitive and neurodegenerative markers of disease progression.
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Cullen NC, Leuzy A, Janelidze S, Palmqvist S, Svenningsson AL, Stomrud E, Dage JL, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Hansson O. Plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease improve prediction of cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired elderly populations. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3555. [PMID: 34117234 PMCID: PMC8196018 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma biomarkers of amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration (ATN) need to be characterized in cognitively unimpaired (CU) elderly individuals. We therefore tested if plasma measurements of amyloid-β (Aβ)42/40, phospho-tau217 (P-tau217), and neurofilament light (NfL) together predict clinical deterioration in 435 CU individuals followed for an average of 4.8 ± 1.7 years in the BioFINDER study. A combination of all three plasma biomarkers and basic demographics best predicted change in cognition (Pre-Alzheimer's Clinical Composite; R2 = 0.14, 95% CI [0.12-0.17]; P < 0.0001) and subsequent AD dementia (AUC = 0.82, 95% CI [0.77-0.91], P < 0.0001). In a simulated clinical trial, a screening algorithm combining all three plasma biomarkers would reduce the required sample size by 70% (95% CI [54-81]; P < 0.001) with cognition as trial endpoint, and by 63% (95% CI [53-70], P < 0.001) with subsequent AD dementia as trial endpoint. Plasma ATN biomarkers show usefulness in cognitively unimpaired populations and could make large clinical trials more feasible and cost-effective.
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Mattsson‐Carlgren N, Janelidze S, Bateman RJ, Smith R, Stomrud E, Serrano GE, Reiman EM, Palmqvist S, Dage JL, Beach TG, Hansson O. Soluble P-tau217 reflects amyloid and tau pathology and mediates the association of amyloid with tau. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14022. [PMID: 33949133 PMCID: PMC8185545 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by β-amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Plasma levels of phospho-tau217 (P-tau217) accurately differentiate Alzheimer's disease dementia from other dementias, but it is unclear to what degree this reflects β-amyloid plaque accumulation, tau tangle accumulation, or both. In a cohort with post-mortem neuropathological data (N = 88), both plaque and tangle density contributed independently to higher P-tau217, but P-tau217 was not elevated in patients with non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies (N = 9). Several findings were replicated in a cohort with PET imaging ("BioFINDER-2", N = 426), where β-amyloid and tau PET were independently associated with P-tau217. P-tau217 concentrations correlated with β-amyloid PET (but not tau PET) in early disease stages and with both β-amyloid and (more strongly) tau PET in late disease stages. Finally, P-tau217 mediated the association between β-amyloid and tau in both cohorts, especially for tau outside of the medial temporal lobe. These findings support the hypothesis that plasma P-tau217 concentration is increased by both β-amyloid plaques and tau tangles and is congruent with the hypothesis that P-tau is involved in β-amyloid-dependent formation of neocortical tau tangles.
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Pereira JB, Janelidze S, Stomrud E, Palmqvist S, van Westen D, Dage JL, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Hansson O. Plasma markers predict changes in amyloid, tau, atrophy and cognition in non-demented subjects. Brain 2021; 144:2826-2836. [PMID: 34077494 PMCID: PMC8557344 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently unclear whether plasma biomarkers can be used as independent prognostic tools to predict changes associated with early Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study we sought to address this question by assessing whether plasma biomarkers can predict changes in amyloid load, tau accumulation, brain atrophy and cognition in non-demented individuals. To achieve this, plasma amyloid-β 42/40 (Aβ42/40), phosphorylated-tau181 (P-tau181), phosphorylated-tau217 (P-tau217) and neurofilament light (NfL) were determined in 159 non-demented individuals, 123 patients with AD dementia and 35 patients with a non-AD dementia from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 study, who underwent longitudinal amyloid (18 F-flutemetamol) and tau (18 F-RO948) positron emission tomography (PET), structural magnetic resonance imaging (T1-weighted) and cognitive testing. Our univariate linear mixed effect models showed there were several significant associations between the plasma biomarkers with imaging and cognitive measures. However, when all biomarkers were included in the same multivariate linear mixed effect models, we found that increased longitudinal amyloid-PET signals were independently predicted by low baseline plasma Aβ42/40 (p = 0.012), whereas increased tau-PET signals, brain atrophy and worse cognition were independently predicted by high plasma P-tau217 (p < 0.004). These biomarkers performed equally well or better than the corresponding biomarkers measured in the cerebrospinal fluid. In addition, they showed a similar performance to binary plasma biomarker values defined using the Youden index, which can be more easily implemented in the clinic. In addition, plasma Aβ42/40 and P-tau217 did not predict longitudinal changes in patients with a non-AD neurodegenerative disorder. In conclusion, our findings indicate that plasma Aβ42/40 and P-tau217 could be useful in clinical practice, research and drug development as prognostic markers of future AD pathology.
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Palmqvist S, Tideman P, Cullen N, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Dage JL, Stomrud E, Janelidze S, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Hansson O. Prediction of future Alzheimer's disease dementia using plasma phospho-tau combined with other accessible measures. Nat Med 2021; 27:1034-1042. [PMID: 34031605 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A combination of plasma phospho-tau (P-tau) and other accessible biomarkers might provide accurate prediction about the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. We examined this in participants with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment from the BioFINDER (n = 340) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (n = 543) studies. Plasma P-tau, plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, plasma neurofilament light, APOE genotype, brief cognitive tests and an AD-specific magnetic resonance imaging measure were examined using progression to AD as outcome. Within 4 years, plasma P-tau217 predicted AD accurately (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.83) in BioFINDER. Combining plasma P-tau217, memory, executive function and APOE produced higher accuracy (AUC = 0.91, P < 0.001). In ADNI, this model had similar AUC (0.90) using plasma P-tau181 instead of P-tau217. The model was implemented online for prediction of the individual probability of progressing to AD. Within 2 and 6 years, similar models had AUCs of 0.90-0.91 in both cohorts. Using cerebrospinal fluid P-tau, Aβ42/Aβ40 and neurofilament light instead of plasma biomarkers did not improve the accuracy significantly. The clinical predictions by memory clinic physicians had significantly lower accuracy (4-year AUC = 0.71). In summary, plasma P-tau, in combination with brief cognitive tests and APOE genotyping, might greatly improve the diagnostic prediction of AD and facilitate recruitment for AD trials.
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Gustavsson A, Raket LL, Lilja M, Rutten-Jacobs L, Fues Wahl H, Bagijn M, Stomrud E, Hansson O, Palmqvist S. Health utility in preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease for establishing the value of new disease-modifying treatments-EQ-5D data from the Swedish BioFINDER study. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1832-1842. [PMID: 33984179 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life and health utility are important outcomes for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and central for demonstrating the value of new treatments. Estimates in biomarker-confirmed AD populations are missing, potentially delaying payer approval of treatment. We examined whether health utility, assessed with the EuroQoL-5 3-level version (EQ-5D-3L), differed between individuals with a positive or negative amyloid beta (Aβ) biomarker in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants from the Swedish BioFINDER study (n = 578). Participants with prodromal AD (Aβ-positive MCI) reported better health utility (n = 79, mean = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77-0.85) than Aβ-negative MCI (mean = 0.71, 95% CI 0.64-0.78), but worse than controls (Aβ-negative CU, mean = 0.87, 95% CI 0.86-0.89). Health utility in preclinical AD (Aβ-positive CU; mean = 0.86, 95% CI 0.83-0.89) was similar to controls. This relatively good health utility in prodromal AD suggests a larger value of delaying progression to dementia than previously anticipated and a great value of delaying clinical progression in preclinical AD.
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Ayton S, Janelidze S, Roberts B, Palmqvist S, Kalinowski P, Diouf I, Belaidi AA, Stomrud E, Bush AI, Hansson O. Erratum to: "Acute phase markers in CSF reveal inflammatory changes in Alzheimer's disease that intersect with pathology, APOE ε4, sex and age" [Prog. Neurobiol. 198 (2021) 101904]. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 204:102071. [PMID: 33966892 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pereira JB, Janelidze S, Ossenkoppele R, Kvartsberg H, Brinkmalm A, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Stomrud E, Smith R, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Hansson O. Untangling the association of amyloid-β and tau with synaptic and axonal loss in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2021; 144:310-324. [PMID: 33279949 PMCID: PMC8210638 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is currently unclear how amyloid-β and tau deposition are linked to changes in
synaptic function and axonal structure over the course of Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we
assessed these relationships by measuring presynaptic (synaptosomal-associated protein 25,
SNAP25; growth-associated protein 43, GAP43), postsynaptic (neurogranin, NRGN) and axonal
(neurofilament light chain) markers in the CSF of individuals with varying levels of
amyloid-β and tau pathology based on 18F-flutemetamol PET and
18F-flortaucipir PET. In addition, we explored the relationships between
synaptic and axonal markers with cognition as well as functional and anatomical brain
connectivity markers derived from resting-state functional MRI and diffusion tensor
imaging. We found that the presynaptic and postsynaptic markers SNAP25, GAP43 and NRGN are
elevated in early Alzheimer’s disease i.e. in amyloid-β-positive individuals without
evidence of tau pathology. These markers were associated with greater amyloid-β pathology,
worse memory and functional changes in the default mode network. In contrast,
neurofilament light chain was abnormal in later disease stages, i.e. in individuals with
both amyloid-β and tau pathology, and correlated with more tau and worse global cognition.
Altogether, these findings support the hypothesis that amyloid-β and tau might have
differential downstream effects on synaptic and axonal function in a stage-dependent
manner, with amyloid-related synaptic changes occurring first, followed by tau-related
axonal degeneration.
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Singleton E, Hansson O, Pijnenburg YAL, La Joie R, Mantyh WG, Tideman P, Stomrud E, Leuzy A, Johansson M, Strandberg O, Smith R, Berendrecht E, Miller BL, Iaccarino L, Edwards L, Strom A, Wolters EE, Coomans E, Visser D, Golla SSV, Tuncel H, Bouwman F, Van Swieten JC, Papma JM, van Berckel B, Scheltens P, Dijkstra AA, Rabinovici GD, Ossenkoppele R. Heterogeneous distribution of tau pathology in the behavioural variant of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:jnnp-2020-325497. [PMID: 33850001 PMCID: PMC8292599 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-325497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical phenotype of the rare behavioural variant of Alzheimer's disease (bvAD) is insufficiently understood. Given the strong clinico-anatomical correlations of tau pathology in AD, we investigated the distribution of tau deposits in bvAD, in-vivo and ex-vivo, using positron emission tomography (PET) and postmortem examination. METHODS For the tau PET study, seven amyloid-β positive bvAD patients underwent [18F]flortaucipir or [18F]RO948 PET. We converted tau PET uptake values into standardised (W-)scores, adjusting for age, sex and mini mental state examination in a 'typical' memory-predominant AD (n=205) group. W-scores were computed within entorhinal, temporoparietal, medial and lateral prefrontal, insular and whole-brain regions-of-interest, frontal-to-entorhinal and frontal-to-parietal ratios and within intrinsic functional connectivity network templates. For the postmortem study, the percentage of AT8 (tau)-positive area in hippocampus CA1, temporal, parietal, frontal and insular cortices were compared between autopsy-confirmed patients with bvAD (n=8) and typical AD (tAD;n=7). RESULTS Individual regional W-scores ≥1.96 (corresponding to p<0.05) were observed in three cases, that is, case #5: medial prefrontal cortex (W=2.13) and anterior default mode network (W=3.79), case #2: lateral prefrontal cortex (W=2.79) and salience network (W=2.77), and case #7: frontal-to-entorhinal ratio (W=2.04). The remaining four cases fell within the normal distributions of the tAD group. Postmortem AT8 staining indicated no group-level regional differences in phosphorylated tau levels between bvAD and tAD (all p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both in-vivo and ex-vivo, patients with bvAD showed heterogeneous distributions of tau pathology. Since key regions involved in behavioural regulation were not consistently disproportionally affected by tau pathology, other factors are more likely driving the clinical phenotype in bvAD.
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