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Schneider E, Mayer S, El Hajj N, Jensen LR, Kuss AW, Zischler H, Kondova I, Bontrop RE, Navarro B, Fuchs E, Zechner U, Haaf T. Methylation and expression analyses of the 7q autism susceptibility locus genes MEST , COPG2, and TSGA14 in human and anthropoid primate cortices. Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 136:278-87. [PMID: 22456293 DOI: 10.1159/000337298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The autism susceptibility locus on human chromosome 7q32 contains the maternally imprinted MEST and the non-imprinted COPG2 and TSGA14 genes. Autism is a disorder of the 'social brain' that has been proposed to be due to an overbalance of paternally expressed genes. To study regulation of the 7q32 locus during anthropoid primate evolution, we analyzed the methylation and expression patterns of MEST, COPG2, and TSGA14 in human, chimpanzee, Old World monkey (baboon and rhesus macaque), and New World monkey (marmoset) cortices. In all human and anthropoid primate cortices, the MEST promoter was hemimethylated, as expected for a differentially methylated imprinting control region, whereas the COPG2 and TSGA14 promoters were completely demethylated, typical for transcriptionally active non-imprinted genes. The MEST gene also showed comparable mRNA expression levels in all analyzed species. In contrast, COPG2 expression was downregulated in the human cortex compared to chimpanzee, Old and New World monkeys. TSGA14 either showed no differential regulation in the human brain compared to chimpanzee and marmoset or a slight upregulation compared to baboon. The human-specific downregulation supports a role for COPG2 in the development of a 'social brain'. Promoter methylation patterns appear to be more stable during evolution than gene expression patterns, suggesting that other mechanisms may be more important for inter-primate differences in gene expression.
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Schneider E, Lehnen N, Bartl K, Bardins S, Kohlbecher S, Glasauer S, Jahn K. Zentral oder peripher? Schwindelursachen auf der Spur mit dem video-basierten Kopfimpulstest. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1301511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Schneider E, Jensen LR, Farcas R, Kondova I, Bontrop RE, Navarro B, Fuchs E, Kuss AW, Haaf T. A high density of human communication-associated genes in chromosome 7q31-q36: differential expression in human and non-human primate cortices. Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 136:97-106. [PMID: 22261840 DOI: 10.1159/000335465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is distinguished by its remarkable size, high energy consumption, and cognitive abilities compared to all other mammals and non-human primates. However, little is known about what has accelerated brain evolution in the human lineage. One possible explanation is that the appearance of advanced communication skills and language has been a driving force of human brain development. The phenotypic adaptations in brain structure and function which occurred on the way to modern humans may be associated with specific molecular signatures in today's human genome and/or transcriptome. Genes that have been linked to language, reading, and/or autism spectrum disorders are prime candidates when searching for genes for human-specific communication abilities. The database and genome-wide expression analyses we present here revealed a clustering of such communication-associated genes (COAG) on human chromosomes X and 7, in particular chromosome 7q31-q36. Compared to the rest of the genome, we found a high number of COAG to be differentially expressed in the cortices of humans and non-human primates (chimpanzee, baboon, and/or marmoset). The role of X-linked genes for the development of human-specific cognitive abilities is well known. We now propose that chromosome 7q31-q36 also represents a hot spot for the evolution of human-specific communication abilities. Selective pressure on the T cell receptor beta locus on chromosome 7q34, which plays a pivotal role in the immune system, could have led to rapid dissemination of positive gene variants in hitchhiking COAG.
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Schneider E, Hennig RM. Temporal resolution for calling song signals by female crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2011; 198:181-91. [PMID: 22086085 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-011-0698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A behavioural gap detection paradigm was used to determine the temporal resolution for song patterns by female crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus. For stimuli with a modulation depth of 100% the critical gap duration was 6-8 ms. A reduction of the modulation depth of gaps to 50% led either to an increase or a decrease of the critical gap duration. In the latter case, the critical gap duration dropped to 3-4 ms indicating a higher sensitivity of auditory processing. The response curve for variation of pulse period was not limited by temporal resolution. However, the reduced response to stimuli with a high duty cycle, and thus short pause durations, was in accordance with the limits of temporal resolution. The critical duration of masking pulses inserted into pauses was 4-6 ms. An analysis of the songs of males revealed that gaps (5.8 ms) and masking pulses (6.9 ms) were at detectable time scales for the auditory pathway of female crickets. However, most of the observed temporal variation of song patterns was tolerated by females. Critical cues such as pulse period and pulse duty cycle provided little basis for inter-individual selection by females.
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Hegerl U, Mergl R, Quail D, Schneider E, Hundemer HP, Linden M. Does Pain Improve Earlier than Mood in Depressed Patients with Painful Physical Symptoms Treated with Duloxetine? PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2011; 45:114-8. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Lehnen H, Aretz M, Schneider E, Zechner U, Haaf T. Fetale Programmierung: DNA-Methylierung regulativer Bereiche protein-kodierender Gene in Neugeborenen von Müttern mit Gestationsdiabetes. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1293256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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107
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Pickering G, Schneider E, Papet I, Pujos-Guillot E, Pereira B, Simen E, Dubray C, Schoeffler P. Acetaminophen metabolism after major surgery: a greater challenge with increasing age. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 90:707-11. [PMID: 21975347 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients undergoing major surgery represent a good model for the study of the hepatic metabolism of acetaminophen (APAP) after surgery and for the evaluation of how the detoxification process is influenced by aging. Thirty patients received intravenous APAP (1 g/6 h) for 4 days (D1-D4). Daily 24-h urinary metabolites-cysteine-APAP, mercapturate-APAP, APAP, and glucuronide and sulfate conjugates-as well as blood glutathione levels were compared with repeated-measures analysis of variance (significance, P<0.05). Between D1 and D4, cysteine-APAP increased (308±308 mg vs. 570±512 mg, P=0.005), and sulfate and glucuronide conjugates decreased (1,365±1,084 mg vs. 694±600 mg, P<0.0001 and 2,418±817 mg vs. 1,513±1,076 mg, P=0.011, respectively). Blood glutathione decreased (790±125 vs. 623±132 µmol/l, P<0.0001. These changes increased with aging. APAP disposition after major surgery shifts toward the oxidative pathways of metabolism, and this is enhanced with aging. Supplementation with sulfur-containing amino acids should be investigated further as it might minimize the effect on antioxidant defenses, especially in older persons undergoing more extensive surgical procedures.
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Loos G, Bellière A, Chilles A, Toledano I, Meiner E, Schneider E, Caille C, Daguze A, Diagne K, Lapeyre M. Étude comparative médecin–manipulateur du contrôle de positionnement par imagerie de basse énergie (kV/kV) avant séance dans le but de délégation partielle de sa validation. Cancer Radiother 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2011.07.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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109
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Brenner W, Schneider E, Junker K, Roos F, Thüroff J. MP-02.07 Calcium Depending Bone Metastases in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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110
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Schulz C, Schneider E, Fritz L, Vockeroth J, Hapfelmeier A, Brandt T, Kochs E, Schneider G. Visual attention of anaesthetists during simulated critical incidents. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106:807-13. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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111
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van Grinsven B, Vanden Bon N, Grieten L, Murib M, Janssens SD, Haenen K, Schneider E, Ingebrandt S, Schöning MJ, Vermeeren V, Ameloot M, Michiels L, Thoelen R, De Ceuninck W, Wagner P. Rapid assessment of the stability of DNA duplexes by impedimetric real-time monitoring of chemically induced denaturation. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1656-1663. [PMID: 21448492 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20027e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report on the electronic monitoring of DNA denaturation by NaOH using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in combination with fluorescence imaging as a reference technique. The probe DNA consisting of a 36-mer fragment was covalently immobilized on nanocrystalline-diamond electrodes and hybridized with different types of 29-mer target DNA (complementary, single-nucleotide defects at two different positions, and a non-complementary random sequence). The mathematical separation of the impedimetric signals into the time constant for NaOH exposure and the intrinsic denaturation-time constants gives clear evidence that the denaturation times reflect the intrinsic stability of the DNA duplexes. The intrinsic time constants correlate with calculated DNA-melting temperatures. The impedimetric method requires minimal instrumentation, is label-free and fast with a typical time scale of minutes and is highly reproducible. The sensor electrodes can be used repetitively. These elements suggest that the monitoring of chemically induced denaturation at room temperature is an interesting approach to measure DNA duplex stability as an alternative to thermal denaturation at elevated temperatures, used in DNA-melting experiments and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis.
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Kapusta ND, Voracek M, Etzersdorfer E, Niederkrotenthaler T, Dervic K, Plener PL, Schneider E, Stein C, Sonneck G. Characteristics of police officer suicides in the Federal Austrian Police Corps. CRISIS 2011; 31:265-71. [PMID: 21134846 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide rates among police officers may be high because of strong occupational stressors. AIMS This study examined the suicide rate and suicide characteristics among police officers in the Federal Austrian Police Force. METHODS All suicides among policemen during the period 1996-2006 were analyzed retrospectively on the basis of personalized police record files from all Austrian police departments. Information on sex, age, marital status, children, region, method and place of suicide, suicide notes, position, and length of service was extracted from these files. The general Austrian population, adjusted for sex and age composition, served as the comparison group. RESULTS The suicide rate among male police officers was 30.2/100,000 (SD 11.0), which was comparable to the suicide rate in the adjusted general population (30.5/100,000; SD 2.9). The female police officer suicide rate was 1.8/100,000, while the corresponding suicide rate of the adjusted female general population was 12.5/100,000 (SD 1.7). Firearms were the most frequent suicide method (77.8%), and the incidence of suicide notes was 30.8%. CONCLUSIONS Suicide rates among police officers seem comparable to those of the age-adjusted general population. Given the healthy-worker effect, these results still suggest an increased risk of suicide among police officers. These findings should stimulate further research on stressors and risk factors for suicide among officers and should also encourage departments to increase awareness regarding suicidal signs among officers.
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Lehnen N, Bartl K, Bardins S, Kohlbecher S, Glasauer S, Jahn K, Schneider E. Der video-basierte Kopfimpulstest zur Quantifizierung peripher-vestibulärer Funktion bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zwergal A, la Fougère C, Xiong G, Kugler G, Schlichtiger J, Brandt T, Strupp M, Schneider E, Jahn K. Wenn dem Gehirn der vestibuläre Kompass fehlt - reale Navigation bei bilateraler Vestibulopathie im PET. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kugler G, 't Hart B, Kohlbecher S, Bartl K, Schumann F, Einhäuser W, Brandt T, Schneider E. Farb- und formbasierte visuelle Suche bei unterschiedlichen Farbsehfähigkeiten in natürlicher Umgebung. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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116
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Claaßen J, Bardins S, Schneider E, Kalla R, Spiegel R, Strupp M, Jahn K. The influence of dual task on gait during galvanic vestibular or visual motion stimulation. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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117
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Claaßen J, Bardins S, Spiegel R, Schneider E, Kalla R, Strupp M. Body position and direction of a moving object influence visual motion perception. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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118
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Lidor A, Wu A, Segal J, Yu Q, Feinberg R, Schneider E. Older Patients with Diverticulitis Have Low Recurrence Rates and Rarely Need Surgery. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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119
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Spiegel R, Kalla R, Rettinger N, Schneider E, Straumann D, Marti S, Glasauer S, Brandt T, Strupp M. Head position during resting modifies spontaneous daytime decrease of downbeat nystagmus. Neurology 2011; 75:1928-32. [PMID: 21098408 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181feb22f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intensity of downbeat nystagmus (DBN) decreases during the daytime when the head is in upright position. OBJECTIVE This prospective study investigated whether resting in different head positions (upright, supine, prone) modulates the intensity of DBN after resting. METHODS Eye movements of 9 patients with DBN due to cerebellar (n = 2) or unknown etiology (n = 7) were recorded with video-oculography. Mean slow-phase velocities (SPV) of DBN were determined in the upright position before resting at 9 am and then after 2 hours (11 am) and after 4 hours (1 pm) of resting. Whole-body positions during resting were upright, supine, or prone. The effects of all 3 resting positions were assessed on 3 separate days in each patient. RESULTS Before resting (9 am), the average SPV ranged from 3.05 °/s to 3.6 °/s on the separate days of measurement. After resting in an upright position, the average SPV at 11 am and 1 pm was 0.65 °/sec, which was less (p < 0.05) than after resting in supine (2.1 °/sec) or prone (2.22 °/sec) positions. CONCLUSION DBN measured during the daytime in an upright position becomes minimal after the patient has rested upright. The spontaneous decrease of DBN is less pronounced when patients lie down to rest. This indicates a modulation by otolithic input. We recommend that patients with DBN rest in an upright position during the daytime. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that for patients with DBN 2 hours of rest in the upright position decreases nystagmus more than 2 hours of rest in the supine or prone positions (relative improvement 79% upright, 33% supine, and 38% prone: p < 0.05).
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Schulz C, Schneider E, Fritz L, Vockeroth J, Hapfelmeier A, Wasmaier M, Kochs E, Schneider G. Eye tracking for assessment of workload: a pilot study in an anaesthesia simulator environment. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106:44-50. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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El Hajj N, Zechner U, Schneider E, Tresch A, Gromoll J, Hahn T, Schorsch M, Haaf T. Methylation Status of Imprinted Genes and Repetitive Elements in Sperm DNA from Infertile Males. Sex Dev 2011; 5:60-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000323806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Paradies HH, Mertens G, Schmid R, Schneider E, Altendorf K. Structure of the H-ATPase (F(1) . F(0)) from Escherichia coli and its Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-Protein in Solution by X-ray Scattering Methods. Biophys J 2010; 37:195-7. [PMID: 19431475 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(82)84666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Guazzone VA, Hollwegs S, Mardirosian M, Jacobo P, Hackstein H, Wygrecka M, Schneider E, Meinhardt A, Lustig L, Fijak M. Characterization of dendritic cells in testicular draining lymph nodes in a rat model of experimental autoimmune orchitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 34:276-89. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Meier TO, Schneider E, Amann-Vesti B. Long-term follow-up of patients with popliteal artery entrapment syndrome treated by endoluminal revascularization. VASA 2010; 39:189-95. [PMID: 20464677 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES), a rare cause for leg ischemia, is usually treated by surgical removal of the compressing structure and either venous bypass or interposition graft. However, endovascular revascularization followed by surgery to release the artery has been reported as a feasible alternative. So far long-term results of this approach are not known. We report the follow-up of three patients with PAES and thrombotic occlusion of the popliteal and calf arteries treated by local lysis, percutaneous thrombembolectomy and angioplasty followed by musculotendinous dissection. One patient had an uneventful follow-up of 11 years while the second patient developed a popliteal aneurysm four months after the index procedure. In the third patient, angioplasty of a stenosis of the popliteal artery was performed after two years. However, occlusion of the artery occurred two years later due to a small popliteal aneurysm. Endovascular revascularization followed by surgical release of the artery may be a viable alternative in the treatment of PAES especially in cases with distal embolization. However, careful follow-up by duplex ultrasound is mandatory because of the high risk of reocclusion or development of a popliteal aneurysm.
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Spiegel R, Kalla R, Rettinger N, Schneider E, Straumann D, Claassen J, Glasauer S, Marti S, Brandt T, Strupp M. The influence of resting in light or darkness on the spontaneous decrease of downbeat nystagmus. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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