101
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Kongsgaard UE, Tølløfsrud S, Brosstad F, Ovrum E, Bjørnskau L. Autotransfusion after open heart surgery: characteristics of shed mediastinal blood and its influence on the plasma proteases in circulating blood. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1991; 35:71-6. [PMID: 2006603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1991.tb03244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen patients undergoing open-heart surgery received intermittent or continuous postoperative autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood (minimum 400 ml during 6 h after surgery) collected in the cardiotomy reservoir. Hematologic variables and changes in the coagulation, fibrinolytic and plasma kallikrein-kinin systems were investigated in the reservoir blood at the beginning and after 6 h of autotransfusion, and in patient blood during and after surgery and before and after autotransfusion. Autotransfusion volume ranged from 400 to 1200 ml per patient (median 482 ml). The reservoir blood had a median haemoglobin level of 93 and 74 g/l, a platelet count of 71 and 119 x 10(9)/l, and plasma haemoglobin level of 3110 and 4100 mg/l before and after 6 h of autotransfusion, respectively. Further examination of the reservoir blood showed that it had undergone extensive coagulation and fibrinolysis as well as a moderate activation of the kallikrein-kinin system. Despite these extensive alterations in the reservoir blood, no major change could be found in the circulating blood after autotransfusion, except for a moderate increase in plasma haemoglobin from 180 mg/l to 430 mg/l. The clinical safety and simplicity of this technique were confirmed for autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood up to 1200 ml.
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102
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Myrseth LE, Gulowsen AC, Davies CD, Grandaunet J, Brosstad F, Prydz H. Is the RPM cell line a useful model for the study of megakaryocyte development? Exp Hematol 1990; 18:1073-7. [PMID: 2209761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of megakaryoblasts into megakaryocytes and their release of blood platelets are complex and poorly understood processes. As an aid to investigate this process several cell lines with megakaryocyte characteristics have been established. One of these cell lines is the rat promegakaryoblast-like (RPM) cell line established by Cicoria and Hempling and used by others to describe maturation processes in megakaryocytes. We have used this cell line to study the synthesis of platelet-specific marker proteins. Severe difficulties led us to perform control experiments to confirm earlier findings. We were unable to confirm several of the previous reports, and we conclude that this particular cell line should not be recommended for the study of megakaryoblast differentiation.
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103
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Aakhus T, Brosstad F, Halse J, Ose L, Brodwall EK, Finne P, Natvig J, Stavem P, Heiberg A, Orstavik LA. [Are prosecuted parents allowed the benefit of the doubt in cases of child abuse?]. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 1990; 110:627-8. [PMID: 2309218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The justified campaign against child abuse has unfortunately had a side effect. It has ruined the lives of some innocent parents of children with undiagnosed osteogenesis imperfecta. For 15 years, Colin Paterson and co-workers have studied a large number of patients with type IV of osteogenesis imperfecta, and have found that more than 50 per cent of them have normal radiographs of the bones at the time of the first fracture. Paterson and co-workers have also found that fractures of the ribs and skull are by no means uncommon in osteogenesis imperfecta type IV. These important observations should help, in the future, to prevent prosecution of innocent parents of children with osteogenesis imperfecta type IV, provided that the observations are not overlooked by pediatricians.
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104
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Grøn B, Bennick A, Nieuwenhuizen W, Brosstad F. Normal and fibrinaemic patient plasma contain high-molecular weight crosslinked fibrin(ogen) derivatives with intact fibrinopeptide A. Thromb Res 1990; 57:259-70. [PMID: 2315888 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(90)90325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Freshly drawn plasma samples from healthy subjects and from fibrinaemic patients were subjected to electrophoresis on SDS-agarose (unreduced material) or on SDS-PAG (1D and 2D, reduced material) and Westernblotted. The blots were immunovisualized using either polyclonal anti-fibrinogen or a monoclonal antibody (Y18) to fibrinopeptide A-containing molecules. The following results were obtained: 1. Normal plasma as well as plasma from patients with fibrinaemia contained FXIII-crosslinked HMW oligomers, stabilized through gamma gamma-dimerization as well as alpha-polymer formation and these oligomers contained molecules with intact A alpha-chain N-termini. 2. Cross-linked material amounted to less than 0.1% of the fibrinogen pool regardless of the sample studied, and apparently less in fibrinaemic patient plasma than in normal plasma. Thus, since the ratio of crosslinked fibrin(ogen) derivatives to that of fibrinogen was lower for fibrinaemic plasma than for normal plasma, it is suggested that the type of soluble fibrin which gives rise to a positive EGT in fibrinaemia patients is not crosslinked.
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105
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Tjønnfiord G, Stavem P, Brosstad F, Stormorken H. [Use of Octa V.I. in patients with severe hemophilia]. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 1989; 109:2053-4. [PMID: 2501908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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106
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Grøn B, Bennick A, Nieuwenhuizen W, Bjørnsen S, Brosstad F. Immunovisualization of fibrinogen A alpha-chain heterogeneity in normal plasma and plasma from patients with DIC or on streptokinase therapy. Thromb Res 1988; 52:413-24. [PMID: 3222783 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(88)90025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purified fibrinogen as well as normal plasma, or plasma from patients with DIC or undergoing streptokinase(SK)-therapy was subjected to 1D- and 2D SDS-electrophoresis under reducing conditions. The pattern was revealed either by Coomassie-staining or immunostaining after Western-blotting and then compared. The use of polyclonal antibodies to fibrinogen as well as two monoclonal anti-bodies reacting with FPA and C-terminal part of the A alpha-chain confirmed immunologically the previously reported molecular weight heterogeneity of the A alpha-chain of the fibrinogen molecule as being a constituent of normal plasma, and lead to the following conclusions: 1. The MW-heterogeneity is observed in the fibrinogen pool of normal plasma as well as in DIC-plasma, SK-plasma and in purified fibrinogen, being the least noticeable in normal plasma and most advanced in SK-plasma. Patterns obtained using immunostaining with monoclonal anti-FPA confirm that the MW-heterogeneity of fibrinogen is mainly due to C-terminal degradation of the A alpha-chain. 2. Numerous A alpha-chain remnants (at least 9), with intact N-terminal ends, are found to be present in normal plasma, with a MW range from 66,200 to 36,000 Da, demonstrating that each of the "classical" HMW, LMW, LMW' subgroups consist of fibrinogen molecules which are very heterogeneous. 3. Two populations of A alpha-chains in purified fibrinogen and in fibrinogen in plasma react with the C-terminal specific Mab G-8. This is in contrast to the findings in plasma from streptokinase-treated patients, where several bands of lower molecular weights than the gamma-chain can be seen, suggesting the presence of free, circulating A-alpha chains split in the N-terminal half of the chain beyond the last inter-chain disulphide bond. 4. 2D electrophoresis disclosed substantial deviations in the patterns obtained with DIC-plasma, SK-plasma and with fibrinogen purified by beta-alanine-precipitation from that observed with normal plasma. The present technique allows selective characterization of fibrinogen independently of the other proteins present in plasma and offers extreme sensitivity.
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107
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Thorsen LI, Gaudernack G, Hack N, Wilkinson JM, Brosstad F, Solum NO, Crawford N. Characterization of a monoclonal antibody ITI-Pl 1 directed against human platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb using extracts of whole platelets and platelet surface and intracellular membranes. Br J Haematol 1988; 68:67-74. [PMID: 3278733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1988.tb04181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (mAb) termed ITI-Pl 1 has been prepared by the hybridoma procedure. Using immuno-absorption and crossed immunoelectrophoresis of Triton X-100 extracts of untreated and EDTA-treated human platelets it was shown to be directed against the surface membrane glycoprotein IIb (GP IIb). This mAb binds to whole platelets independently of ADP-stimulation and the presence of Ca2+-ions. It saturates at around 870 ng/10(8) cells corresponding to approximately 35,800 molecules/platelet. ITI-Pl 1 did not significantly inhibit GP IIb-IIIa dependent functions such as platelet aggregation or fibrinogen binding. Immunofluorescence could be demonstrated using ITI-Pl 1 and intact normal platelets, but not with platelets from a Glanzmann's thrombasthenia patient. Crossed immuno-electrophoresis with platelet extracts from four different thrombasthenic patients gave a line precipitate in the intermediate gel with 125I-labelled ITI-Pl 1 and autoradiography indicating trace amounts of free GP IIb or the GP IIb-IIIa complex. The epitope on GP IIb detected by ITI-Pl 1 is not destroyed by neuraminidase treatment. Thus the mAb also interacts with neuraminidase-treated GP IIb-IIIa complex in highly purified platelet surface membrane fractions as well as with GP IIb-IIIa from untreated internal membranes isolated by continuous flow electrophoresis.
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108
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Thorsen LI, Holm B, Brosstad F, Solum NO. Interactions of human blood platelets with three circulating plasma fibrinogens of different molecular weights. Thromb Res 1987; 47:683-92. [PMID: 3686483 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(87)90107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of three naturally occurring human fibrinogen species, HMW, LMW and LMW', to support ADP-induced platelet aggregation was investigated and compared to their ability to bind to gel-filtered platelets. Whereas HMW had intact subunit chains, LMW and LMW' had defined lesions in the C-terminal part of one (LMW) or both (LMW') of the A alpha-chains. The ADP-induced aggregation of gel-filtered platelets in the presence of LMW was about 75 per cent of that obtained with HMW (0.2 mumol/l of fibrinogen and 10 mumol/l of ADP). A mixture of equal amounts of LMW and LMW' showed around 50% decrease in aggregation. Compared to these difference in aggregation co-factor function, direct binding to gel-filtered platelets was less affected by the A alpha-chain degradation. However, a difference between LMW, LMW' and HMW binding was significant when the fibrinogens labelled with two different isotopes of iodine were present simultaneously. These results demonstrate that naturally occurring plasma fibrinogens differ in their interactions with platelets. As the HMW/LMW ratio changes during the acute phase, this may be of physiological significance.
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109
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Thorsen LI, Hessel B, Brosstad F, Gogstad G, Solum NO. The N-DSK gamma-chain binds to immunoprecipitated GP IIb-IIIa. Thromb Res 1987; 47:315-21. [PMID: 3629559 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(87)90145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The CNBr-split N-terminal disulphide knot of the fibrinogen molecule (N-DSK) binds to ADP-stimulated gel-filtered platelets and immunoprecipitated fibrinogen receptor. To investigate which part of the N-DSK molecule that is involved in this binding, the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex (the fibrinogen receptor) was immunoprecipitated in crossed immunoelectrophoresis of Triton X-100 extracts of platelets against rabbit antibodies to whole platelet proteins. The immunoelectrophoresis plates were incubated with solubilized, carboxymethylated 125I-labelled A alpha -, B beta - or gamma-chains of N-DSK, and investigated for binding by autoradiography. The N-DSK gamma-chain, but not the A alpha - or B beta -chains demonstrated binding to the GP IIb-IIIa complex. These results show that the fibrinogen molecule contains a third sequence of amino acids, in addition to the two previously reported ones that can be involved in binding of fibrinogen to the fibrinogen receptor on the platelets.
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110
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Thorsen LI, Gaudernack G, Brosstad F, Pedersen TM, Solum NO. Identification of platelet antigens by monoclonal antibodies using crossed immunoelectrophoresis with immunoblotting of the monoclonal antibody. Thromb Haemost 1987; 57:212-6. [PMID: 3299855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A method is described for the identification of antigens by monoclonal antibodies. This is applicable whenever precipitating antibodies to the same antigens from a different species are available. The method is based upon: Separation and immunoprecipitation of cellular proteins with a polyspecific antiserum in crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of the non-denaturing detergent Triton X-100 and the monoclonal antibody. Coprecipitation of the monoclonal antibody with its antigen. Subsequent passive transfer of the monoclonal antibody in the antibody-antigen complex onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Visualization of the blotted antibody using an enzyme-linked secondary antibody and a chromogenic substrate. Identification of the corresponding antigen by comparisons to the immunoprecipitate pattern of the original immunoplate. To test this method we have analyzed the detection of the antigens recognized by six previously described monoclonal antibodies against platelet membrane proteins and von Willebrand factor. Specific immunoblots were obtained in each case using small amounts of monoclonal antibodies. Thus, the technique provides an alternative when epitopes are denatured by SDS, and avoids the use of radioactively labelled monoclonal antibodies.
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111
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Thorsen LI, Brosstad F, Gogstad G, Sletten K, Solum NO. Competitions between fibrinogen with its degradation products for interactions with the platelet-fibrinogen receptor. Thromb Res 1986; 44:611-23. [PMID: 3810563 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(86)90163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct binding of 125-I-labelled plasmic and CNBr-derived fibrin (ogen) fragments (pre-X, X, Y, D, Degta, Efg, E1, N-DSK, N-dsk) to gel-filtered platelets was compared to their ability to support or inhibit ADP-induced aggregation, and to compete with fibrinogen for binding to ADP-stimulated platelets. Pre-X was the only fragment that supported aggregation. All fragments tested except for E derived from fibrinogen (Efg) and Degta bound specifically to the platelets and inhibited ADP-induced aggregation in the presence of fibrinogen. Competitive binding studies with fibrinogen and fragments labelled with different isotopes of iodine, or inhibition of binding of labelled fibrinogen with unlabelled fragments showed that all of the fragments except Efg and Degta were able to compete with fibrinogen for binding. When simultaneous binding of N-dsk and fibrinogen was studied, an increased binding of both ligands was observed probably due to complex formation. The results fully agree with previous findings of binding to immunoprecipitated glycoprotein IIb-IIIa after crossed immunoelectrophoresis. We conclude that the fibrinogen molecule contains at least six sequences responsible for platelet interaction, two in the E domain and two in each of the C-terminal parts of the fibrinogen molecule.
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112
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Nilsen DW, Brosstad F, Kierulf P, Godal HC. Binding of various thrombin fractions to fibrin and the influence of AT-III on their adsorption. Thromb Haemost 1986; 55:352-6. [PMID: 3750265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human thrombin with high affinity for fibrin was obtained by subjecting purified thrombin to affinity chromatography on Sepharose insolubilized fibrin monomers, after addition of a radioiodinated subsample of thrombin, molar ratio 1:600. As judged by radioprofiling of the electrophoretic distribution of high-affinity thrombin on 10 per cent polyacrylamide gel containing urea/SDS, the preparation consisted of 70 per cent alpha-thrombin, 28 per cent beta-thrombin and only 2 per cent gamma-thrombin. Although alpha-thrombin was bound more strongly to insolubilized fibrin monomers than the other subfractions, complete separation of the individual components could not be achieved. High-affinity thrombin was employed for studies on thrombin adsorption to polymerized fibrin, assuming equal behaviour of labelled and unlabelled thrombin. To avoid passive entrapment of thrombin within the fibrin meshwork at physiological pH, ionic strength and calcium concentration, the optimal fibrinogen concentration was found to be 2.94 umol/l. During such conditions, adsorption of thrombin to polymerized fibrin did not exceed 65 per cent of added thrombin, despite an increasing availability of fibrin-related thrombin binding domains obtained by reducing the thrombin concentration. Adsorption of thrombin to polymerized fibrin increased by 25 per cent when the ionic strength was reduced to 0.05 mol/l. These findings suggest the presence of thrombin subfractions with different affinities for polymerized fibrin. Aggregates of high-affinity thrombin formed during its preparation by affinity chromatography, but were prevented by adding polyethylene glycol (m.w. 6,000, final conc. 6.6 g/l). Such aggregates were not inactivated by AT-III, but could still adsorb to polymerized fibrin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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113
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Nilsen DW, Brosstad F. Discrepant elimination of fibrin des-AA and des-AABB in man. Thromb Haemost 1986; 55:439. [PMID: 3750275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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114
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Thorsen LI, Brosstad F, Gogstad G, Sletten K, Solum NO. Binding of 125I-labelled fibrin(ogen) fragments to platelets and to immunoprecipitated glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. Thromb Res 1986; 42:645-59. [PMID: 2424122 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(86)90343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To further investigate which parts of the fibrinogen molecule that are responsible for its binding to the fibrinogen receptor on human platelets, the following approaches were made: The glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex (the putative fibrinogen receptor) was immunoprecipitated in crossed immunoelectrophoresis of Triton X-100-extracts of platelets against antibodies to whole platelet proteins. Subsequently, the immunoplates were incubated with 125I-labelled, plasmin- or CNBr-cleaved fibrinogen fragments (pre-X,X,Y,D,Degta,Efg,N-DSK) or fibrin fragments (E1,N-dsk), characterized by partial sequenation. The immunoplates were exposed to X-ray films, and binding of the fragments to the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex was examined. The findings were compared to the results obtained from studies on binding of the same fragments to intact gel-filtered platelets after ADP-stimulation. The following conclusions were made: All fragments except Efg and Degta bound to the immunoprecipitated GPIIb-IIIa complex as well as to ADP-stimulated platelets suggesting that at least two sequences in the E domain and one in each of the D domains of fibrinogen are involved in binding to the platelet receptor. The GPIIb-IIIa complex is the only surface-located platelet antigen that binds fibrinogen and the aforementioned fragments. The binding of the fragments to the receptor is dependent on divalent cations.
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115
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Nilsen DW, Holm B, Brosstad F. Binding properties on Sepharose insolubilized fibrinogen and fibrin, of various species of fibrinogen and fibrin solubilized in plasma. Thromb Res 1986; 42:449-59. [PMID: 3715811 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(86)90208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiolabelled tracers of fibrinogen, fibrin des-AA and fibrin des-AABB were solubilized in recalcified, prothrombin depleted plasma, adding either 125I-fibrin des-AA or 125I-fibrin des-AABB together with 131I-fibrinogen, and subsequently subjected to affinity chromatography, utilizing short columns of Sepharose insolubilized preparations of fibrinogen, fibrin des-AA and fibrin des-AABB, respectively. Two naturally occurring fibrinogen species, of high molecular weight (HMW; m.w. 340.000) and of low molecular weight (LMW; m.w. 305.000) exhibited similar binding characteristics, as judged by adsorption and desorption experiments. In subsequent studies all tracer preparations were derived from HMW-fibrinogen. Sepharose insolubilized fibrinogen favoured the adsorption of soluble fibrins as compared to fibrinogen in solution; the adsorption of soluble des-AA fibrin was similar to that of soluble des-AABB fibrin. To insolubilized fibrin, adsorption of soluble tracers of fibrinogen and fibrins increased considerably, and soluble fibrins were no longer preferentially adsorbed. The latter observation was supported by similar desorption characteristics of these tracers. These findings may indicate that the E-domains of soluble fibrin become largely inaccessible to the D-domains of Sepharose insolubilized fibrinogen, probably due to complexing fibrinogen in plasma. Furthermore, adsorption was largely related to the a-epitope of insolubilized fibrin.
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116
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Brosstad F, Kjønniksen I, Rønning B, Stormorken H. Visualization of von Willebrand factor multimers by enzyme-conjugated secondary antibodies. Thromb Haemost 1986; 55:276-8. [PMID: 3520939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A method for visualization of the multimeric forms of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) in plasma and platelets is described. The method is based upon: 1) Separation of the vWF multimers by SDS-agarose electrophoresis, 2) Subsequent blotting of the vWF multimers onto nitrocellulose, 3) Immunolocalization and visualization of the vWF pattern by the sequential incubation of the blot with primary vWF antiserum, peroxidase- or beta-galactosidase-conjugated secondary antibodies and a relevant chromogenic substrate.
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117
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Thorsen LI, Brosstad F, Solum NO, Stormorken H. Increased binding to ADP-stimulated platelets and aggregation effect of the dysfibrinogen Oslo I as compared with normal fibrinogen. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 1986; 36:203-10. [PMID: 3010440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1986.tb00829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of the dysfibrinogen Oslo I with platelets were investigated. This fibrinogen is a B beta-chain variant with faster than normal fibrin monomer polymerization. Fibrinogen Oslo I acted more efficiently in ADP-induced platelet aggregation, and bound to gel-filtered platelets with a higher affinity constant than did normal fibrinogen. At all concentrations more fibrinogen molecules became bound per platelet with the dysfibrinogen than with normal fibrinogen, both when the fibrinogens were tested separately or as a mixture using 125I or 131I to label the two types. At high concentrations this was probably due to ligand polymerization of the dysfibrinogen. These observations indicate that the increased cofactor function in platelet aggregation may be related to the increased affinity of the dysfibrinogen for the platelets.
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118
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Holm B, Brosstad F, Kierulf P, Godal HC. Polymerization properties of two normally circulating fibrinogens, HMW and LMW. Evidence that the COOH-terminal end of the a-chain is of importance for fibrin polymerization. Thromb Res 1985; 39:595-606. [PMID: 4082102 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(85)90239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The plasma fibrinogen fractions HMW (mw 340,000) and LMW (mw 305,000) were prepared from purified (beta-alanine precipitated) fibrinogen by step-wise precipitation with ammonium sulfate. The thrombin clotting times were 14" and 20" respectively. The enzymatic phase of coagulation, measured as release of fibrinopeptide-A during incubation with thrombin, was found to be identical for HMW and LMW. Polymerization was studied by light scattering (at 605 nm) using preformed monomers (des-AA and des-AABB) prepared from HMW and LMW in the presence of 3.3 M urea by incubation with thrombin (100 NIH U/ml final conc.) and reptilase (1 U/ml final conc.). The HMW-monomers polymerised at a substantially higher rate than the corresponding LMW-monomers. Thus, the prolonged clotting time of LMW was explained by retarded polymerization. It is suggested that the -COOH terminal end of the a-chain, containing the molecular difference between HMW and LMW, is of importance for polymerization. Furthermore, the release of fibrinopeptide B (des-AABB-monomers) improved polymerization properties in HMW as well as in LMW, and all types of monomers polymerised more rapidly in the presence of Ca++.
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119
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Teige B, Gogstad G, Brosstad F, Olaisen B. Common structural genes for platelet and plasma fibrinogen. Blood 1985; 65:120-6. [PMID: 3965044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen from plasma was compared with fibrinogen from platelets using two-dimensional electrophoresis. The source of platelet fibrinogen was isolated alpha-granules, thrombin- and collagen-released platelet material. The B beta- and gamma-chains from the different sources showed similar two-dimensional patterns, while gamma'-chains were not observed in platelet fibrinogen preparations. Furthermore, the A alpha-chain could hardly be identified in platelet preparations. When individual fibrinogen was studied in persons heterozygous for genetic B beta- and gamma-chain variants, the two-dimensional variant pattern could be demonstrated in plasma fibrinogen as well as in platelet fibrinogen. This observation strongly indicates that the structural genes for plasma and platelet fibrinogen B beta- and gamma-chains are identical.
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120
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Godal HC, Gravem K, Brosstad F, Nyvold N. Quantitation of factor XIII by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thromb Res 1984; 35:577-82. [PMID: 6484899 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(84)90289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An electrophoretic method for the determination of f.XIII, based on the capability of f.XIIIa to cross-link fibrin clots (5) was studied, and the great sensitivity of the method confirmed. Thus, with suitable technical conditions, f.XIII activities less than 0.1% of that in normal human plasma could be detected. The results obtained in plasma from various patients and in f.XIII concentrates (cryoprecipitates) corresponded well with those obtained with the dansylcadaverine method (3) and with the urea solubility test, with two exceptions: In a patient with severe congenital f.XIII deficiency, only the present method was sensitive enough to detect any f.XIII-activity (about 0.1%), and in a patient with an inhibitor against f.XIIIa, the dansylcadaverine method failed to detect this. The present method is too laborious for routine screening, but is recommended as an alternative references method. It may prove especially suitable to detect minute amounts of f.XIII.
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121
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Nilsen DW, Brosstad F, Holm B, Kierulf P, Gravem K, Godal HC. Thrombus-related uptake and vascular clearance of 131 I-fibrin des-AABB as compared to 125 I-fibrinogen in patients with established venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 1984; 51:165-8. [PMID: 6740548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Thrombus-related uptake of 131 I-fibrin des-AABB has been compared to that of 125 I-fibrinogen in 13 patients with established venous thrombosis. Both tracers originated from a common pool of beta-alanine precipitated fibrinogen. Scan-recordings were performed as a radiofibrin (ogen) uptake test. Uptake characteristics of des-AABB fibrin were similar to those of fibrinogen, when measured as percentage of concomitant radioactivity over the heart. Due to its longer circulation time, fibrinogen was superior to fibrin des-AABB for the detection of venous thrombi. Circulating des-AABB fibrin was cleared biphasically, with an initial rapid decline followed by a gradual exponential decrease. Mean half-lives were 5.5 +/- SD 3.5 hr and 10 +/- SD 3.5 hr, respectively. The elimination rates were uninfluenced by thrombus activity, as judged by the fibrin(ogen) uptake test. Metabolic half-life of fibrinogen in the total material was 62 +/- SD 19 hr. Dissociation of fibrinogen and soluble des-AABB fibrin clearance rates was evident, describing their own, independent elimination patterns, probably reflecting different clearing mechanisms.
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122
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Brath HK, Madsbu HP, Brosstad F. [Felden (piroxicam) in arthroses. A post-marketing study]. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 1983; 103:1827-30. [PMID: 6359580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Hagen I, Gogstad GO, Brosstad F, Solum NO. Demonstration of 125I-labelled thrombin binding platelet proteins by use of crossed immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 732:600-6. [PMID: 6307375 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(83)90237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A possible receptor for thrombin on the platelet membrane has been identified. Whole platelets were treated with 125I-labelled thrombin followed by washing of the platelets, solubilization in Triton X-100, crossed immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography. A heavily labelled antigen which migrated slightly more slowly than albumin was observed. No corresponding arc was seen on the same immunoplate when stained with Coomassie brilliant blue, indicating that the antigen possessed weak antigenic properties and/or was present in very small amounts. When 125I-labelled thrombin that had been inactivated by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride was used, no such labelled arc was seen. The radiolabelled immunoprecipitate does not represent any of the antigens identified hitherto in the immunoelectrophoretic patterns obtained with platelets or platelet material. The electrophoretic mobility of the antigen was influenced neither by neuraminidase treatment of the platelets prior to the 125I-labelled thrombin exposure nor by inclusion of concanavalin A, wheat-germ lectin or lentil lectin in the gel during the first-dimension electrophoresis. This suggests that the antigen does not represent a glycoprotein. Upon subcellular fractionation the radioactively labelled arc was observed in the cytosol fraction following crossed immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography. Analysis of the secreted proteins after induction of the release reaction with 125I-labelled thrombin revealed labelling of immunoprecipitates representing thrombospondin, albumin and the 'line' form of platelet factor 4. This confirms that stable complexes of 125I-labelled thrombin and platelet proteins can exist in the presence of Triton X-100 and during electrophoresis.
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Gogstad GO, Brosstad F. Complex-formation between the fibrin-derived plasmic fragments DD and E demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Thromb Res 1983; 30:441-8. [PMID: 6225217 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(83)90178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a complex between the fibrin fragments DD and E was studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using antibodies against human fibrinogen. The complex formation was seen by a common electrophoretic migration of the DD-fragment and part of the E-fragments. This effect was abolished by a further incubation with plasmin of the preparation containing the (DD) E-complex. This also led to an anodal shift in migration of the E-fragment indicating a transfer from E1 to E3.
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