Reducing temperature sensitivity of gas measurement using chirped-modulated photoacoustic spectroscopy

Resonance frequency drift caused by a change in temperature greatly limits the application of high-Q resonators with high temperature sensitivity in photoacoustic (PA) gas detection systems. In this work, a chirp-wavelength combined modulation method was designed by incorporating a real-time frequency scanning in wavelength-modulated PA spectroscopy to reduce the influence of temperature changes on measurement. Theoretical analysis shows that the chirp rate depends on the precision requirements and the cutoff frequency of the cascaded low-pass filter. Trace acetylene measurement experiment at varying temperature verified that the proposed method can significantly reduce the temperature sensitivity within a preset temperature range. Thus, this method can effectively reduce the temperature sensitivity of a high-Q resonator for improving the measurement accuracy and detection limit in trace gas detection.

Evidence for Nonlinear Gluon Effects in QCD and Their Mass Number Dependence at STAR

The STAR Collaboration reports measurements of back-to-back azimuthal correlations of di-π^{0}s produced at forward pseudorapidities (2.6<η<4.0) in p+p, p+Al, and p+Au collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV. We observe a clear suppression of the correlated yields of back-to-back π^{0} pairs in p+Al and p+Au collisions compared to the p+p data. The observed suppression of back-to-back pairs as a function of transverse momentum suggests nonlinear gluon dynamics arising at high parton densities. The larger suppression found in p+Au relative to p+Al collisions exhibits a dependence of the saturation scale Q_{s}^{2} on the mass number A. A linear scaling of the suppression with A^{1/3} is observed with a slope of -0.09±0.01.

Lactation time influences the composition of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus at species level in human breast milk

Human breast milk is a source of microorganisms for infants that play an important role in building infant gut health and immunity. The bacterial composition in human breast milk is influenced by lactation time. This study aimed to investigate the influence of lactation time on bacteria in breast milk at the genus level and the species levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus on days 2-4, 8, 14, and 30. Eighteen individuals were recruited and 60 milk samples were collected. The 16S rRNA gene, and the bifidobacterial groEL and lactobacilli groEL genes were used for amplicon sequencing. The results revealed that the alpha diversities of colostrum and transition 1 (day 8) milk were lower than that of transition 2 (day 14) and mature milk. PCoA analysis showed that bacterial composition in colostrum and transition 1 milk differed from transition 2 and mature milk. A lower relative abundance of Blautia was found in colostrum and transition 1 milk compared with mature milk and lower abundances of Ruminococcus, Dorea, and Escherichia-Shigella were found in transition 1 compared with mature milk. Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Limosilactobacillus mucosae, and Ligilactobacillus ruminis were the predominant species across all four lactation stages, while Bifidobacterium bifidum was lower in transition 1, and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum were higher in transition 1 milk. This study indicated that the bacterial composition in colostrum was more similar to that of transition 1 milk, whereas the bacterial community in transition 2 milk was similar to that of mature milk which suggests that bacterial composition in human breast milk shows stage-specific signatures even within a short period at both genus level and Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species levels, providing insights into probiotic supplementation for the nursing mother.

Entropy of eye movement during rapid automatized naming

Numerous studies have focused on the understanding of rapid automatized naming (RAN), which can be applied to predict reading abilities and developmental dyslexia in children. Eye tracking technique, characterizing the essential ocular activities, might have the feasibility to reveal the visual and cognitive features of RAN. However, traditional measures of eye movements ignore many dynamical details about the visual and cognitive processing of RAN, and are usually associated with the duration of time spent on some particular areas of interest, fixation counts, revisited fixation counts, saccadic velocities, or saccadic amplitudes. To cope with this drawback, we suggested an entropy-based method to measure eye movements for the first time, which first mapped eye movements during RAN in a time-series and then analyzed the time-series by a proper definition of entropy from the perspective of information theory. Our findings showed that the entropy was more sensitive to reflect small perturbation (e.g., rapid movements between focuses in the presence of skipping or omitting some stimulus during RAN) of eye movements, and thus gained better performance than traditional measures. We also verified that the entropy of eye movements significantly deceased with the age and the task complexity of RAN, and significantly correlated with traditional eye-movement measures [e.g., total time of naming (TTN)] and the RAN-related skills [e.g., selective attention (SA), cognitive speed, and visual-motor integration]. Our findings may bring some new insights into the understanding of both RAN and eye tracking technique itself.

Fusarium and allied genera from China: species diversity and distribution

The genus Fusarium includes numerous important plant and human pathogens, as well as many industrially and commercially important species. During our investigation of fungal diversity in China, a total of 356 fusarioid isolates were obtained and identified from diverse diseased and healthy plants, or different environmental habitats, i.e., air, carbonatite, compost, faeces, soil and water, representing hitherto one of the most intensive sampling and identification efforts of fusarioid taxa in China. Combining morphology, multi-locus phylogeny and ecological preference, these isolates were identified as 72 species of Fusarium and allied genera, i.e., Bisifusarium (1), Fusarium (60), and Neocosmospora (11). A seven-locus dataset, comprising the 5.8S nuclear ribosomal RNA gene with the two flanking internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the intergenic spacer region of the rDNA (IGS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), partial calmodulin (cam), partial RNA polymerase largest subunit (rpb1), partial RNA polymerase second largest subunit (rpb2) gene regions, and partial β-tubulin (tub2), were sequenced and employed in phylogenetic analyses. A genus-level phylogenetic tree was constructed using combined tef1, rpb1, and rpb2 sequences, which confirmed the presence of four fusarioid genera among the isolates studied. Further phylogenetic analyses of two allied genera (Bisifusarium and Neocosmospora) and nine species complexes of Fusarium were separately conducted employing different multi-locus datasets, to determine relationships among closely related species. Twelve novel species were identified and described in this paper. The F. babinda species complex is herein renamed as the F. falsibabinda species complex, including descriptions of new species. Sixteen species were reported as new records from China. Citation: Wang MM, Crous PW, Sandoval-Denis M, et al. 2022. Fusarium and allied genera from China: species diversity and distribution. Persoonia 48: 1-53. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.48.01.

THE INCREASED PLASMA LEVELS OF INTERMEDIN IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Context

Intermedin (IMD) is the member of calcitonin gene-related peptide family, and tightly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The change of plasma IMD levels in T2DM is still unknown.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the plasma levels of IMD in patients with T2DM.

Design

Fortyone patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in the endocrinology department of Civil Aviation General Hospital from January 2012 to June 2015 were enrolled, and 44 volunteers were selected as the control group.

Subjects and Methods

Plasma level of IMD was detected by ELISA. Diagnostic value of IMD was analyzed by area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).

Results

The plasma level of IMD in T2DM group was higher than that in the healthy control group, whereas smoking or cardiovascular complications did no influence the IMD levels. IMD levels were correlated with BMI, DBP, triglyceride, uric acid, urea nitrogen, fasting and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1C. The greatest value of AUC for IMD was only 58.73%.

Conclusions

Although plasma levels of IMD were increased in patients with T2DM, the very low diagnostic value of IMD for T2DM might not be used for the disease diagnosis.

O-304 An altered microbiota in the lower and upper female reproductive tract of women with recurrent spontaneous abortion

Study question

Whether the vagina, cervical and uterine microbiota have changed in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).

Summary answer

An altered microbial biodiversity in the vagina, cervix and uterine lavage fluid in the RSA group was observed.

What is known already

An obstacle to pregnancy, RSA can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, uterine anomalies, autoimmune diseases, and infection. However, the current understanding of the etiology of RSA is still lacking, and half of cases have unknown causes. Studies have demonstrated that two genera (Atopobium and Prevotella) exhibited significantly greater abundance. The characteristics of the microbiota harbored in vaginal secretions in RSA have been revealed but less attention has been given to the cervical and uterine microbiota in RSA patients.

Study design, size, duration

Samples were collected (RSA group: n = 25; Control group: n = 25) in Peking University Third Hospital from December 2020 to June 2021.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Women with two or more consecutive spontaneous abortions were included. Microbiota compositions were acquired and analyzed by16S rRNA sequencing and Th1/Th2/Th17 inflammation cytokines level of uterine flush fluid were tested.

Main results and the role of chance

Beta diversity was significantly higher in the RSA group than in the control group in the vaginal microbiota (p = 0.036), cervical microbiota (p = 0.010) and microbiota from uterine lavage fluid (p = 0.001). In addition, dramatic decreases in IFN-γ and IL-6 cytokine levels were observed in the RSA group. In conclusion, our data suggested altered microbial biodiversity in the vagina, cervix and uterine lavage fluid in the RSA group. Moreover, the microbiota composition differed markedly from the lower genital tract to the uterine cavity, and the microbiota in the uterine cavity also distinctly varied between endometrial tissue and uterine lavage fluid in the RSA group (p = 0.001).

Limitations, reasons for caution

Due to the limitations of 16S rRNA sequencing, only relative rather than absolute abundances of the microbiota were obtained.

Wider implications of the findings

Our study suggested that significant alterations in the microbial profile of the vagina, cervix and uterine cavity were present in RSA patients, and the key microbiota in different locations of female reproductive tract involved in pathogenic processes were different, which indicated that different treatments should be considered in clinics.

Trial registration number

Not applicable

[A study on longitudinal changes in white matter microstructure of parents who have lost their only child based on diffusion tensor imaging and its relationship with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder]

Objective: To investigate the longitudinal changes of white matter microstructural based on diffusion tensor imaging in parents who lost their only child without psychiatric disorders and its relationship with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: Parents who had who lost their only child and without psychiatric disorders in Jiangsu Province, from September 2016 to March 2017, were retrospectively collected (TENP group, 32). MRI scans were performed at baseline and at the end of 5-year follow-up, and the Clinician Administered PTSD Scales (CAPS) were used for assessing the severity of symptoms. Additionally, sex, age and education level matched healthy subjects were recruited as healthy controls (control group, 27) and underwent MRI scanning using the same protocol. The differences of fractional anisotropy (FA) values between TENP group and control group at baseline were analyzed by using Tract-based spatial statistics method, and the brain areas of lateral differences were used as the regions of interest for longitudinal follow-up analysis of TENP group. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between FA values changes in longitudinal differences in brain regions and CAPS scores. Results: Compared with the control group, FA values of the right cingulate gyrus, Uncinate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, corticospinal tract, Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, Inferior longitudinal fasciculus and forceps major in TENP group were decreased at baseline ((0.613±0.032) vs (0.631±0.034), (0.539±0.048) vs (0.563±0.045), (0.534±0.033) vs (0.558±0.039), (0.560±0.038) vs (0.580±0.030), (0.519±0.023) vs(0.549±0.024), (0.489±0.038) vs (0.518±0.027), (0.499±0.027) vs (0.533±0.032); all P<0.05). From baseline to follow-up, scores of trauma reexperience symptoms and avoidance/numbness symptoms were decreased ((5.2±2.8) vs (8.1±4.9), (4.0±3.2) vs (6.6±5.4); all P<0.05); FA values of the right corticospinal tract, Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, Inferior longitudinal fasciculus and forceps major were decreased ((0.523±0.049) vs (0.537±0.049), (0.568±0.052) vs (0.590±0.050), (0.540±0.063) vs (0.559±0.059), (0.520±0.059) vs (0.547±0.059); all P<0.05); The decrease of FA values of the right Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and right Inferior longitudinal fasciculus was negatively correlated with the decrease of avoidance/numbness symptoms scores (r=-0.458, -0.374, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusions: The trauma of parents who lost their only child can result in impaired microstructural integrity of white matter. As the post-traumatic time goes by, parents who have lost their only child do not develop to PTSD and other psychiatric disorders, and the clinical symptoms are alleviated, the damage of the white matter microstructure continued to progress.

Experimental Demonstration of Efficient Harmonic Generation via Surface Plasma Compression with Lasers

The efficiency of high-order harmonic generation from a relativistic laser interacting with solid targets depends greatly on surface plasma distribution. The usual method of enhancing efficiency involves tuning the plasma scale length carefully by improving the laser contrast. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that efficient harmonics can be achieved directly by compressing large-scale surface plasma via the radiation pressure of a circularly polarized normally incident prepulse. The harmonic generation efficiency obtained by this method is comparable to that obtained with optimized plasma scale length by high-contrast lasers. Our scheme does not rely on high-contrast lasers and is robust and easy to implement. Thus, it may pave a way for the development of intense extreme ultraviolet sources and future applications with high repetition rates.

[Inflammatory factors in periodontitis patients and their effects toward the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study]

Objective: To explore the effects of periodontitis and inflammatory factors toward the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Pregnant women who came to the Department of Obstetrics, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital for prenatal examinations during March to November of 2021 were invited to participate in this study. Participants with GDM who met the inclusion criteria (n=100) were assigned into the case group; while healthy participants (n=100) were assigned into the control group. Information of participants from the two groups were collected by questionnaires and periodontal statuses were clinically recorded in the meantime. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and venous blood were also collected from participants of two groups to analyze the expression levels of inflammatory factors like C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-33. Factors different between the two groups were included in the multivariate regression analysis model to determine the risk factors of GDM. Results: The age of participants was (33.4±5.1) years in case group and (30.5±4.5) years in control group respectively, which had statistical differences (t=4.33,P<0.001). Besides, the body mass index of participants from case group was also significantly higher than control group [(28.11±3.85) kg/m² vs. (23.31±3.15) kg/m², t=9.65, P<0.001]. Participants with GDM had more adverse periodontal clinical parameters. Prevalence of periodontitis in GDM group was 47.0% (47/100) compared with 29.0% (29/100) in control group (χ²=6.88, P=0.009). Multivariate regression analysis results indicated that periodontitis was a critical risk factor for the occurrence of GDM (OR=1.882, P<0.001). Besides, GCF IL-8, serum TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 were also risk factors of GDM due to their higher expressions. Among them, TNF-α in serum (OR=2.077) and IL-8 in serum (OR=2.060) had more significant impacts (P<0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that periodontitis was associated with the occurrence of GDM. Up-regulation of serum pro-inflammatory mediators leaded by local periodontal inflammatory microenvironment might play a critical role in this pathological process.

Rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of major cardiometabolic diseases: a Mendelian randomization study

OBJECTIVE

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is suggested to be implicated in the development of cardiometabolic diseases. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess potential causality for associations of RA with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary artery disease (CAD), and ischaemic stroke.

METHOD

Seventy independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with RA were identified as instrumental variables from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 58 284 European subjects. Summary-level data for the associations of the 70 genetic variants with T2D, CAD, and ischaemic stroke were taken from three GWASs with a total of 1 529 131 participants. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR was used in the main analyses.

RESULTS

The main IVW MR analysis showed that genetically determined RA was associated with higher risks of T2D [odds ratio (OR): 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.05; p < 0.001] and CAD (OR: 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03; p = 0.012), but not ischaemic stroke (OR: 1.00, 95% CI 0.99-1.02; p = 0.961). Sensitivity analyses with multiple MR methods confirmed these associations. MR-Egger regression showed no evidence of pleiotropy in the association between genetically determined RA and the risk of T2D, CAD, and ischaemic stroke. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis showed that the association between genetically determined RA and the risk of T2D, CAD, and ischaemic stroke was not driven by any individual SNP.

CONCLUSION

Genetically determined RA was associated with increased risks of T2D and CAD, suggesting that RA plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of T2D and CAD.

AB1346 ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT OF SUB-CLINICAL HAND JOINT INFLAMMATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN EARLY RHEUMATOID AND PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS

Background

Ultrasound (US) detected subclinical inflammation can be present in early psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and also in patients fulfilling clinical remission criteria[1-2]. Numerous evidences support that the persistence of subclinical synovitis detected by US is associated with a high risk of disease progression [2-3].

Objectives

To evaluate sub-clinical inflammation of PsA and RA at the level of small joints of the hand and wrist by B-mode and Power Doppler US.

Methods

30 patients of early PsA and 35 patients of early RA (no clinical evidence of hand joint involvement, PsA disease duration <2 years, and RA disease duration <1 year) were recruited. US [grey scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD)] was performed to assess synovitis, tenosynovitis, joint effusion, and bone erosion of bilateral wrists, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, as well as the flexor tendons and extensor compartments.

Results

A total of 35 patients were included in the RA group, including 10 males and 25 females. A total of 30 patients were included in the PsA group, including 12 males and 18 females. There were no significant differences in gender composition, age, and duration of disease between the two groups (P>0.05) (Table 1). 19 (63.33%) PsA patients and 16 (45.71%) RA patients had sub-clinical hand joint synovitis. At the joint level, wrist joints were most commonly involved (23.08%), followed by MCP3 (15.38%) and DIP3 (13.46%) in PsA group. In RA group, wrist joints were most commonly involved (55.17%), followed by MCP3 (12.41%), and MCP2 (11.03%). Eight (26.67%) PsA patients and 16 (45.71%) RA patients were detected tenosynovitis. Tenosynovitis was most frequently presented at the extensor tendons in RA and at the flexor tendons in PsA patients (p<0.05). The two most commonly affected were the 4th and 1st extensor compartments in RA patients, and the flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus in PsA patients. 81 (6.80%) joint recesses in the RA and 75 (7.35%) joint recesses in PsA were detected effusion. Joint effusion was most frequently detected at radiocarpal and midcarpal joints in RA (30.86%, 25.92%, respectively). Effusion in PsA was most commonly presented at the 3rd PIP joints (26.67%), followed by radiocarpal joints (24.00%). Bone erosions were uncommon, totally 2 (6.67%) PsA patients and 3 (8.57%) RA patients were detected bone erosions.

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of RA and PsA patients

RA (n=35)PsA (n=30)PFemale, n(%)25 (71.43%)18 (60.00%)0.33Age, years, mean±SD53.20±14.5054.23±13.650.77Disease duration, years, mean±SD0.72±0.370.91±0.530.07

Conclusion

There are significant differences in the US findings of sub-clinical inflammation at the hand and wrist joints, such as the joint effusion and tenosynovitis, which may assist the identification between early RA and PsA. Simultaneously, it should be pointed out that there are some similarities in the joint involvement of sub-clinical synovitis between RA and PsA, physicians should take this into account in clinical work.

Figure 1.

Gray scale ultrasound sagittal view shows synovitis at the wrist joint in an RA patient (A) and at MCP3 in a PsA patient.

References

[1]Freeston JE, Coates LC, Nam JL, et al. Is there subclinical synovitis in early psoriatic arthritis? A clinical comparison with gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound. Arthritis Care & Research, 2014,66:432-439.

[2]Kawashiri SY, Suzuki T, Nakashima Y, et al. Ultrasonographic examination of rheumatoid arthritis patients who are free of physical synovitis: power Doppler subclinical synovitis is associated with bone erosion. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2014,53:562-569.

[3]Vreju FA, Filippucci E, Gutierrez M, et al. Subclinical ultrasound synovitis in a particular joint is associated with ultrasound evidence of bone erosions in that same joint in rheumatoid patients in clinical remission. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2016,34:673-678.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82071930).

Disclosure of Interests

None declared

Measurements of Proton High-Order Cumulants in sqrt[s_{NN}]=3 GeV Au+Au Collisions and Implications for the QCD Critical Point

We report cumulants of the proton multiplicity distribution from dedicated fixed-target Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.0  GeV, measured by the STAR experiment in the kinematic acceptance of rapidity (y) and transverse momentum (p_{T}) within -0.5<y<0 and 0.4<p_{T}<2.0  GeV/c. In the most central 0%-5% collisions, a proton cumulant ratio is measured to be C_{4}/C_{2}=-0.85±0.09 (stat)±0.82 (syst), which is 2σ below the Poisson baseline with respect to both the statistical and systematic uncertainties. The hadronic transport UrQMD model reproduces our C_{4}/C_{2} in the measured acceptance. Compared to higher energy results and the transport model calculations, the suppression in C_{4}/C_{2} is consistent with fluctuations driven by baryon number conservation and indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions. These data imply that the QCD critical region, if created in heavy-ion collisions, could only exist at energies higher than 3 GeV.

Measurements of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H Lifetimes and Yields in Au+Au Collisions in the High Baryon Density Region

We report precision measurements of hypernuclei _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H lifetimes obtained from Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.0  GeV and 7.2 GeV collected by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, and the first measurement of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H midrapidity yields in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.0  GeV. _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H, being the two simplest bound states composed of hyperons and nucleons, are cornerstones in the field of hypernuclear physics. Their lifetimes are measured to be 221±15(stat)±19(syst)  ps for _{Λ}^{3}H and 218±6(stat)±13(syst)  ps for _{Λ}^{4}H. The p_{T}-integrated yields of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H are presented in different centrality and rapidity intervals. It is observed that the shape of the rapidity distribution of _{Λ}^{4}H is different for 0%-10% and 10%-50% centrality collisions. Thermal model calculations, using the canonical ensemble for strangeness, describes the _{Λ}^{3}H yield well, while underestimating the _{Λ}^{4}H yield. Transport models, combining baryonic mean-field and coalescence (jam) or utilizing dynamical cluster formation via baryonic interactions (phqmd) for light nuclei and hypernuclei production, approximately describe the measured _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H yields. Our measurements provide means to precisely assess our understanding of the fundamental baryonic interactions with strange quarks, which can impact our understanding of more complicated systems involving hyperons, such as the interior of neutron stars or exotic hypernuclei.

[Application of TELSA structured education program in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of TELSA structured education program in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in China. Methods: From January 2019 to January 2020, 64 adult T1DM patients who met the standard of entry and had the intention to participate in TELSA structured education program were selected from the outpatient of type 1 diabetes comprehensive management in the Second Xiangya Hospital as intervention group. A total of 64 patients matched by age and sex were enrolled as the control group. During the program, the intervention group lost 3 cases and the control group lost 4 cases. Finally, there were 61 effective samples in the intervention group and 60 effective samples in the control group. The patients in the control group were given face-to-face education by a T1DM educator for about 2 hours. The patients in the intervention group were intervened according to TELSA structured education program. The level of glycosylated hemoglobin, the frequency of hypoglycemia, self-management ability and quality of life were evaluated before intervention, 6 months after intervention and 12 months after intervention. Results: The ages of the intervention group and the control group were 30.0(22.0,43.5) and 29.5(22.3,42.5) (P>0.05), and the proportions of males were 47.54%(29 cases) and 45.00%(27 cases), respectively (P>0.05). There were interaction effects (P<0.05) on the level of glycosylated hemoglobin, self-management ability and quality of life in the two groups. At 6 and 12 months after intervention of TELSA structured education program, the level of glycosylated hemoglobin in the intervention group decreased from the baseline level (7.87±1.45)% to (7.23±1.06)% and (7.28±0.93)%, respectively, which was significantly lower than that in the control group at 6 months (7.72±1.20)% and at 12 months(7.76±1.24)% (all P<0.05). After TELSA structured education intervention, the scores of self-management scale for adult type 1 diabetes mellitus (SMOD-CA) in the intervention group showed an upward trend (P<0.001), and the scores of diabetes-specific quality of life scale (A-DQOL) showed a downward trend (P<0.001). In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in the trend of scores in the control group (P=0.853 and 0.227). The comparison between groups at different time points showed that at 6 and 12 months after the intervention, the SMOD-CA scores of the patients in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.001), and the A-DQOL scores were lower than those in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusions: The TELSA structured education program can effectively ameliorate glycemic control, with the improvement of self-management ability and quality of life in adult T1DM patients.

[New advances of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the use of computer programs to simulate and extend human intelligence, and has application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This review focuses on the research status of the screening and diagnosis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using artificial intelligence technology, electronic health record data, multi-omics prediction models, image recognition technology based on liver imaging and pathological biopsy, and new drugs research and development, with a view to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment.