Evaluation of Product Quality of Low-Salt Pork Sausage Using Prerigor Pork Ham

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to develop pork sausages with reduced salt content using the pre-rigor pork ham to have similar product quality to regular-salt (1.5%) sausages.Materials and MethodsPork ham with pre-rigor (< 1 h after slaughter) and post-rigor (> 1 d after slaughter) were purchased at the local market. Sausages containing pre-rigor pork hams with various salt contents (0– ∼1.5%) were manufactured and compared to the post-rigor sausages with regular salt (1.5%). To confirm the states of pre-rigor and post-rigor, pH and temperature of pork hams were measured. The pH, color, cooking loss (CL, %), expressible moisture (EM, %), textural properties, lipid oxidation (TBAR), protein oxidation (VBN) of the sausages were measured, while the protein solubility and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of meat batter were measured. The experiment design was one-way analysis of variance at a significant level of 0.05.ResultsThe pre-rigor ham had higher pH and temperature than the post-rigor ham, as expected. Protein solubility of pre-rigor sausages was higher than those with reduced salt concentrations (< 1.0%). However, no differences in CIE color values (L*, a*, b*), CL, TBARS, and VBN were observed among treatments. The EM (%) of pre-rigor sausages with 0.5 and 1.0% salt were similar to those with pre-rigor sausages with 1.5% salt. Textural properties of sausages were not different between pre-rigor with various salt levels (0.5∼1.5%) and post-rigor sausages with 1.5% salt. High intensity of myosin heavy chain band was shown in pre-rigor meat batters as compared to the post-rigor ones.ConclusionPre-rigor sausages containing 1.0% salt had similar characteristics to those with post-rigor with 1.5% salt. This result indicated that the amount of salt on sausages could be reduced by approximately one-third of regular-salt (1.5%) level without detrimental effects.

P1740Clinical impact of symptom onset-to-balloon time and door-to-balloon time on 1-year adverse event in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background and objectives

The impact of treatment delays to reperfusion on patient mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is controversial. we evaluated the relation between the delay in the time to reperfusion during primary PCI and the 1-year clinical outcome of patients with STEMI treated by primary angioplasty.

Methods

The study enrolled 6,676 patients (age, 62.5±12.6 years; 26.5% female) with STEMI who underwent primary angioplasty onset between November 2005 and March 2012 from the KAMIR and KorMI Registry. The patients were divided into three groups according to the symptom onset-to-balloon (STB) time: group I, II, III (≤180 minutes, >180 ∼ ≤360 minutes, >360 minutes), and divided into three groups according to the door-to-balloon (DTB) time: group A, B, C (≤90 minutes, >90 ∼ ≤120 minutes, >120 minutes). The 1-year cardiac death and major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rates were compared among the three groups of time variables

Results

The cardiac death rate was 7.9% and MACE rate was 16.9% at one year follow-up. The 1-year cardiac death rate among STB time groups were significantly higher in group II (95% CI=1.05–2.60:p=0.030) and group III (95% CI=1.14–2.74:p=0.011), while that among DTB time groups were not significantly different based on a multivariate Cox proportional analysis, which was adjusted by age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, peak level of CK-MB, anterior myocardial infarction. The 1-year MACE rate were not significantly different among STB time groups and DTB time group A, B, but was significantly higher in group C (95% CI=1.08–1.58:p=0.006).

Conclusions

These results suggest that, in patient with STEMI treated by primary angioplasty, STB time rather than DTB time was related 1-year clinical outcome especially cardiac death after adjustment for baseline characteristics. Therefore, all efforts should be made to shorten the total ischemic time in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Eruption guidance of horizontally angulated, distally displaced mandibular second premolars: Three case reports

AIM

An improperly positioned tooth germ can lead to tooth impaction, damage to adjacent teeth, and loss of arch integrity. This report describes three cases of eruption guidance of developing mandibular second premolars (MnP2) that were horizontally angulated and displaced to the distal side of the roots of the second primary molars.

CASE REPORT

The primary second molars were extracted when root formation of the succeeding premolar began. Surgical exposure was performed to accelerate eruption. These two procedures led to spontaneous eruption of all premolars. In the last case, however, a displaced second premolar disturbed the eruption of the first molar into the occlusal plane.

CONCLUSIONS

Several factors should be considered for an optimal treatment approach, including the clinical eruption status, development of the root MnP2, and effect on the mandibular first molar.