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Morgan L, Wong H, Littler J, Jain P. 147 Quality of life after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early NSCLC in medically inoperable patients: preliminary analysis. Lung Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(12)70148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jyoti B, McKay M, Wong H, Alam F, Eswar C, Jain P, Littler J, Maguire J, Schofield C, Siva A, Ramani V. 18 Chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitor for second line treatment in advanced non small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(12)70019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Zhang X, Dobrolecki LE, Lai Q, Landis MD, Wong H, Tsimelzon A, Claerhout S, Contreras A, Gutierrez C, Huang J, Wu MF, Pavlick AC, Froehlich AM, Hilsenbeck SG, Mills GB, Wiechmann L, Petrovic I, Rimawi MF, Schiff R, Chang JC, Lewis MT. P5-21-01: A Renewable Tissue Resource of Phenotypically Stable Human Breast Cancer Xenografts for Preclinical Studies. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p5-21-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Translational breast cancer research is hampered severely by difficulties in obtaining and studying primary human breast tissue, and by the lack of in vivo preclinical models that accurately reflect patient tumor biology. These limitations are due, in part, to the fact that traditional immunocompromised mouse models are not generally permissive for growth. We sought to circumvent some of these limitations by transplanting and growing human mammary tumors in the mammary fat pad of SCID/Beige immunocompromised mice in the absence of exogenous human fibroblasts.
Aims and Methods To establish a set of stable human breast cancer xenografts for preclinical studies. Human breast cancer biopsies were received, minced into small fragments and then transplanted directly into “cleared” fat pads of recipient SCID/Beige immunocompromised mice. Transplanted fat pads were checked weekly. After initial tumor was palpated and harvested, tumor fragments were transplanted into new SCID/Beige hosts for subsequent transplant generations. Serial immunohistochemical evaluations were performed to confirm human origin and biomarker status. Analytical flow cytometry for evaluating expression of proposed “cancer stem cell” markers, and gene and protein expression analysis were carried out on all stable lines.
Results and Conclusions Xenograft lines were established directly from breast cancer patient samples, without intervening culture in vitro, using the epithelium-free mammary fat pad as the transplantation site. Of the conditions tested, xenograft take rate was highest in the presence of a low-dose estradiol pellet without exogenous human fibroblasts. Thirty six stably transplantable xenograft lines representing 27 patients were established, using pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and/or post-treatment samples. Most patients yielding xenografts were “triple-negative” (ER-PR-HER2−) (n=21), we were able to establish lines from three ER-PR-HER2+ patients, one ER+PR+HER2−, one ER+PR-HER2−and one “triple-positive” (ER+PR+HER2+) patients. Serially passaged xenografts show phenotypic consistency with the tumor of origin at the histopathology level, and remarkable stability across multiple transplant generations at both the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels. Of 27 lines evaluated fully, thirteen xenografts showed metastasis to the mouse lung. These models thus serve as a renewable, quality-controlled tissue resource, and should prove useful for preclinical evaluation of experimental therapeutics.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-21-01.
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Landis MD, Dobrolecki LE, Wong H, Lai Q, Vahdat LT, Chang JC. P1-03-02: The Norton-Simon Hypothesis and Cancer Stem Cells: How Cancer Stem Cells May Explain the Effectiveness of Dose-Dense Chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p1-03-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Systemic therapies are effective initially in controlling and reversing tumor growth; however, residual cancers will invariably re-grow despite this initial response. We have published data from paired human breast cancer samples that standard therapy every three weeks kills dividing daughter cells but not tumor-initiating cells (TICs), so that samples obtained after therapy are enriched for CD44+/CD24−/low putative “tumor-initiating” or “cancer stem” cells, indicating that standard treatment regimens are missing the critical targets, TICs. Interestingly, we have recent data in human breast tumors that indicate that TICs may in fact be chemosensitive initially, with a decrease in TICs observed within two days of chemotherapy, but shortly thereafter, TICS are actually induced by chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods: To evaluate TICs response to chemotherapy, mice with human breast tumor xenograft lines BCM-2665a and BCM-2147 were treated with vehicle, 10-, or 33-mg/kg docetaxel, and then tumors were collected for TIC assays and molecular analysis at both 48 and 72h after treatment. Using Affymetrix gene expression microarrays and reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis with 119 different validated antibodies, we identified pathways involved in regulation of TICs. Results: According to flow cytometric analysis for TIC markers and mammosphere (MS) formation efficiency, BCM-2665 TICs were reduced by docetaxel treatment compared to vehicle-treated at 48h post 10 mg/kg docetaxel (4-fold decrease) and 48 and 72h post 33 mg/kg docetaxel compared to control (14- and 2-fold decrease, respectively). Although the BCM-2147 TICs did not significantly decrease at any time points or doses tested, they were clearly induced at 72h post-treatment compared to control. Additionally, BCM-2665 TICs were increased within 72h post 10 mg/kg docetaxel, indicating that these time points are ideal for defining the mechanisms responsible for induction of TICs. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of Affymetrix microarray data for both BCM-2665 and BCM-2147 revealed induction of inflammatory pathways, suggesting leukocyte infiltration associated with induction of TICs. Furthermore, RPPA analysis confirmed gene expression changes from the microarray data, and implicated apoptosis and inflammatory pathways. Sixteen of 28 proteins significantly changed with activation of CSC are involved in development of leukocytes. Discussion: These findings are consistent with the Norton-Simon Hypothesis in that chemotherapy regimens given more frequently may in fact eliminate TICs, thereby explaining the proven increased effectiveness of dose-dense chemotherapy. Based on when TICs became chemoresistant, we are comparing dose-dense treatment (4 mg/kg docetaxel every 3 days) to a traditional single dose of 32 mg/kg, in an effort to eliminate the tumor cells that cause tumor recurrence. Furthermore, our analysis of gene expression at both the RNA and protein level implicated the immune cells as TICs inducers. Since our immunocompromised mice lack T- and B- cells but have active macrophages, macrophages are indicated as inducers of TICs. We are focusing our current efforts at identifying how immune cells activate TICs and thus enhance tumorigenesis.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-03-02.
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Crema MD, Guermazi A, Sayre EC, Roemer FW, Wong H, Thorne A, Singer J, Esdaile JM, Marra MD, Kopec JA, Nicolaou S, Cibere J. The association of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected structural pathology of the knee with crepitus in a population-based cohort with knee pain: the MoDEKO study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:1429-32. [PMID: 21945851 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common arthropathy of the knee joint(1). Symptoms reported by patients and signs noted during physical examination guide clinicians in identifying subjects with knee OA(2-4). Pain is one of the most important symptoms reported by subjects with knee OA(2,3). Although very common, pain is a non-specific symptom, related to pathology in several structures within the knee joint, and includes synovitis(5), subchondral bone marrow lesions(6), and joint effusion(7). Further, pain is a subjective symptom that cannot be directly measured or assessed during physical examination. Crepitus or crepitation in association with arthritis is defined as a crackling or grinding sound on joint movement with a sensation in the joint. Crepitus may occur with or without pain and is a common finding during physical examination in subjects with knee OA(2-4,8,9). It is not known whether crepitus is related to pathology in various structures within the knee. The aim of our study was to determine the cross-sectional associations of structural pathologies within the knee with crepitus in a population-based cohort with knee pain, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Subjects with knee pain were recruited as a random population sample, with crepitus assessed in each compartment of the knee using a validated and standardized approach during physical examination(10). MRI of the knee was performed to assess cartilage morphology, meniscal morphology, osteophytes, cruciate ligaments, and collateral ligaments. For both compartment-specific and whole-knee analyses, a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associations of MRI-detected structural pathology with crepitus, adjusting for potential confounders. Variables were selected by backwards elimination within each compartment and in the overall knee models, and only statistically significant variables remained in the "selected" models; remaining variables in these models are adjusted for each other. An increased risk for compartment-specific crepitus was associated with osteophytes at the patellofemoral (PF) and lateral tibiofemoral (LTF) joints. Crepitus was associated with osteophytes and medial collateral ligament (MCL) pathology at the medial tibiofemoral (MTF) compartment, but cartilage damage was negatively associated with crepitus at this compartment. In the selected whole-knee model, only meniscal tears were associated with an increased risk for general crepitus. Thus, it seems that crepitus may be associated with pathology in several internal structures.
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Shirreff L, Liu G, Burbidge T, Kung R, Wong H, Lie K. The Laparoscopic Myomectomy: An Eight-Year AAGL Fellowship Experience at a Canadian Hospital. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2011.08.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Azam F, Wong H, Marshall E. 9125 POSTER Role of Chemotherapy in ECOG Performance Status 3 Small Cell Lung Cancer – a Single Centre Study. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)72437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chahal N, McCrindle B, Manlhiot C, Wong H. N005 A 4-week randomized clinical trial of flaxseed supplementation in children with hypercholesterolemia. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Papadopoulos K, Mendelson D, Tolcher A, Burris H, Gordon M, Wong H, Bomba D, Lee S, Gillenwater H, Infante J. 1209 POSTER ONX 0912, a Novel Oral Proteasome Inhibitor (PI), in Patients (pts) With Advanced Refractory or Recurrent Solid Tumours: a Phase 1, Open-label, Dose Escalation Study. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Cibere J, Sayre EC, Guermazi A, Nicolaou S, Kopec JA, Esdaile JM, Thorne A, Singer J, Wong H. Natural history of cartilage damage and osteoarthritis progression on magnetic resonance imaging in a population-based cohort with knee pain. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:683-8. [PMID: 21329760 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the natural history of cartilage damage and of osteoarthritis (OA) progression using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); to evaluate whether OA progression varies by stage of disease. METHODS A population-based cohort with knee pain was assessed clinically, with X-ray (Kellgren-Lawrence [KL] grading) and MRI. Cartilage was graded 0-3 on six joint surfaces. Frequency of cartilage damage change was determined for each joint site. Progression of OA was defined as a worsening of MRI cartilage damage by ≥1 grade in at least two joint sites or ≥2 grades in at least one joint site. The association of KL grade with OA progression was evaluated using parametric lifetime regression analysis. RESULTS 163 subjects were assessed at baseline and follow-up (mean 3.2 years). KL grade ≥2 was present in 39.4% at baseline. An increase in cartilage damage by ≥1 grade was seen in 8.0-14.1% of subjects at different joint sites. OA progression on MRI was present in 15.5%. Baseline KL grade was a significant predictor of OA progression with hazard ratio (HR) of 6.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-30.7), 6.1 (95% CI 1.3-28.9), and 9.2 (95% CI 1.9-44.9) for KL grades 1, 2 and ≥3, respectively. CONCLUSION A low OA progression rate was seen over 3 years in this population-based symptomatic cohort. Radiographic severity, including KL grade 1, was a significant predictor of OA progression. Future interventions aimed at reducing progression will need to target not only radiographic OA, but also those with early abnormalities suggestive of pre-radiographic OA.
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Chiu J, Tang YF, Yao TJ, Wong A, Wong H, Leung RC, Chan P, Cheung TT, Poon RTP, Fan ST, Yau CC. The use of single-agent sorafenib in the treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with underlying Child-Pugh B liver cirrhosis. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Yau T, Leung RC, Wong H, Chiu J, Chan P, Pang R, Fan ST, Poon RTP. Efficacy and safety of single-agent sunitinib in treating patients with advanced hepatocelluar carcinoma after sorafenib failure: A prospective, open-label, phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.4082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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113
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Papadopoulos KP, Mendelson DS, Tolcher AW, Patnaik A, Burris HA, Rasco DW, Bendell JC, Gordon MS, Kato G, Wong H, Bomba D, Lee S, Gillenwater HH, Woo T, Infante JR. A phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study of the novel oral proteasome inhibitor (PI) ONX 0912 in patients with advanced refractory or recurrent solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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114
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Azam F, Wong H, Green JA, Marshall E. Poor performance status small cell lung cancer: Who should we treat? J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e17502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Jain P, McKay M, Wong H, Alam F, Littler J, Maguire J, Malik Z, Ramani V, Schofield P, Whitmarsh K. The Role of Radiotherapy in Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (ED SCLC): Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation (PCI) and Consolidation Thoracic Radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2011.01.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ramani V, Alam F, Eswar C, Jyoti B, Jain P, Maguire J, Littler J, Schofield P, Whitmarsh K, Wong H. Palliative Radiotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Comparison of 2D vs 3D Planning. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2011.01.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wong H, Qian XY, Carl D, Cheung NW, Lieberman MA, Brown IG, Yu KM. Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation for Impurity Gettering in Silicon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-147-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe have utilized plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) to demonstrate effective gettering of metallic impurities in silicon wafers. Metallic impurities such as Ni, Cu or Au were intentionally diffused into Si as marker impurities. The Ar or Ne atoms were ionized in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma chamber. The ions were accelerated by a negative voltage applied to the wafer and implanted into the wafer. The as-implanted saturation dose can be as high as 5×1016cm−2. After an annealing step at 1000°C for 1 hour in a N2 ambient, the retained doses and the amount of gettered impurities were measured with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). With a retained Ar dose in 1015cm−2 range after annealing, the gettered Ni, Cu and Au were 3.0×1014cm−2, 3.0×1014cm−2 and 4.4×1013cm−2 respectively.
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Shusterman D, Weaver E, Goldberg A, Schick S, Wong H, Balmes J. Evaluation Of The Nasal No Response To Humming As An Index Of Osteo-meatal Patency: A Comparison With Sinus CT Measurements. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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McCrindle B, Manlhiot C, Gibson D, Chahal N, Wong H, Stearne K, Makerewich O, Fisher A, Davies J, Dobbin S. Population-based lipid screening in the era of a childhood obesity epidemic: The importance of non-HDL cholesterol assessment. Can J Diabetes 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(11)52076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Banks L, Manlhiot C, Davies J, Wong H, Gibson D, Chahal N, Stearne K, Fisher A, Makerewich O, Dobbin S, McCrindle B. Cardiovascular risk in overweight and obese adolescents: Is there an influence of physical activity. Can J Diabetes 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(11)52107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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121
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Chahal N, Wong H, Manlhiot C, Clarizia N, McIntosh R, Hatley N, Moosabhoy S, McCrindle B. Lifestyle-based management of obesity-related and familial hyperlipidemias in children and adolescents enhanced by peer education. Can J Diabetes 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(11)52100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Adams G, Zekri J, Wong H, Walking J, Green JA. Platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer: single or combination chemotherapy? BJOG 2010; 117:1459-67. [PMID: 20560942 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical benefit and toxicity of two regimens; single agent carboplatin (C) and a carboplatin/paclitaxel (CP) combination in early epithelial ovarian cancer. DESIGN A retrospective review. SETTING Single cancer centre serving a population of 2.1 million in the northwest of England. POPULATION All women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology stage Ia-IIc ovarian cancer between 2002 and 2005. METHODS Case and operation notes were reviewed. Details of the surgery performed, performance status (PS), tumour histology, stage, grade, intended chemotherapy, chemotherapy received, acute and late toxicity, relapse and death were all recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), acute and late toxicity. RESULTS Sixty women received CP and 35 received C. Younger women (P < 0.0001) and those with a better performance status (P = 0.045) were more likely to receive CP. Median follow- up was 38 months (range 0-70). Five-year OS was 62% (95% CI 44-81%) for C and 73% (95% CI 61-85%) for CP P= = 0.316. For the subgroup with stage I disease and good PS (0/1) 5-year OS was 80% (59-100%) for C and 79% (63-95%) for CP; P = 1.0. For those with stage 2 disease, 5-year OS was 29% (95% CI 0-62%) for C and 63% (95% CI 44-82%) for CP; P = 0.025. Subgroup analyses by grade or histology showed no difference in OS. P was discontinued prematurely in nine (15%) women on account of toxicity, whereas C was not stopped early. P-related neuropathy (G1/2) was reported in ten (17%) women at 6 months and in two (3%) at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy is administered more often than carboplatin; especially in those with younger age, better PS and nonmucinous histology. Recurrence and death rates were similar with both treatments. Well-designed trials are needed to identify the optimum chemotherapy regimen in this group.
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Wong H, Wong CK, Liu J, Iwai H. Growth of dielectric-embedded silicon nanocrystallites for light-emitting device application. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 10:7244-7249. [PMID: 21137907 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric films with embedded silicon Si nanocrystallites (Si-Nc) have been recognized as promising light-emitting materials for future integrated photonics based on silicon technology. This work reports a novel method of making this kind of material by high-temperature annealing of Si-rich oxide or nitride films which gives rise to the phase separation reaction and the formation of crystalline silicon nanoclusters in the films. Various characteristics of these materials were studied in detail by using transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, and photoluminescence (PL). Strong transverse optical (TO) mode of Si-Nc at around 516 cm(-1) was found in the Raman spectra of the annealed dielectric films. XPS studies indicate that the Si 2p spectra could be transformed from a random bonding structure (as-deposited) to a random mixing of Si-Nc with stoichiometric oxide or nitride phase after the high-temperature annealing. The energy locations of PL were found to depend on the amount of rich Si and the annealing conditions. Longer and higher temperature annealing can result in the growth of the Si-Nc size and leads to a red-shift of PL. Direct correlation among the crystallite sizes with the PL peaks was found.
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Fairbrother W, LoRusso P, Wagner A, Budha N, Darbonne W, Shin Y, Wong H, Chan I, Ware J, Eckhardt S. 393 Phase I pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GDC-0152, a novel IAP protein antagonist, administered to patients with locally advanced or metastatic malignancies. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)72100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Fairbrother W, Wong H, Budha N, Blackwood B, Gould S, Erickson R, LoRusso P, Eckhardt S, Wagner A, Chan I. 82 Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling of the effect of GDC-0152, a selective antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, on monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) indicates species differences in MCP-1 response. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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