Microquantitative analysis of neutral and amino sugars as fluorescent pyridylamino derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography

A method for the quantitation of picomole amounts of neutral and amino sugars in glycoconjugates was developed. Glycoconjugates were hydrolyzed with a mixture of equal amounts of 4 M trifluoroacetic acid and 4 M hydrochloric acid, and the free amino groups were acetylated. Sugars were coupled with 2-aminopyridine. After the excess reagents were removed by gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography, the fluorescent pyridylamino derivatives of sugars were separated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase column. This method allowed the determination of 0.01-10 nmol of sugars. About 100 pmol of several glycoconjugates were analyzed by the present method, with satisfactory results.

[Experimental and clinical studies on the intestinal anastomosis and reconstruction of the alimentary tract]

Healing process of anastomosis and its procedure were studied in following points: Four-interrupted sutures anastomosis in the Wistar rats revealed recanalization without leakage in 64 out of 69. Lymphangial recanalization through the anastomosis was completed within 21 days after operation by Gambee' layer-to-layer anastomosis. While 8 weeks were required by everted or inverted anastomosis. Serosal surface of invaginated intestinal segment of which length corresponded to x1-x2 luminal diameter in the telescoping anastomosis was covered within 8 weeks by the proliferated mucosae of the both proximal and distal segments. Telescoping anastomosis was found to be useful to make an intestinal valve which worked just the same as ileocoecal junction. IVH and elementary diet were effective on the healing of anastomosis. According to the above mentioned findings, following operative procedures were recommended: Esophago-jejunal conduit duodenostomy following total gastrectomy. Choledocho-jejunal conduit duodenostomy with the intestinal valve as bile duct reconstruction. Construction of the intestinal valve and an artificial sphincter using rectus abdominis muscle fibers for ileostomy or short bowel syndrome. Endorectal pull-through operation for anterior-resection of the rectum as well as for radical treatment of Hirschsprung' disease.

Focal-spot separation in stereoscopic magnification radiography

Mathematical formulas relating focal-spot separation to various geometric factors in magnification radiography are presented. Focal-spot separation is closely related to the magnification factor, focal-spot/film distance, viewing distance, and object size. When the viewing distance is equal to the focal-spot/film distance, separation is inversely proportional to magnification.

Influence of manganese ions on the contraction of the guinea-pig isolated vas deferens

1. The CaCl2-induced contraction of guinea-pig isolated vas deferens, pretreated with tetrasodium edetate and then transferred to edetate-free sucrose medium, was increased in the presence of MnCl2 in extremely low concentrations (0.005-0.01 mmol/l) but was suppressed by the salt in concentrations higher than 1.0 mmol/l. 2. The KCl-induced contraction of the preparation, kept in a sucrose medium without edetate-pretreatment, was suppressed by MnCl2 (0.005-0.5 mmol/l) in a concentration-dependent manner. 3. The noradrenaline-induced contraction of the preparation kept in Locke's solution, was not influenced by MnCl2 in concentrations lower tha 0.1 mmol/l but was inhibited by higher concentrations (0.1-1.0 mmol/l).

The effect of penfluridol and some psychotropic drugs on monoamine metabolism in central nervous system

Five neuroleptics: penfluridol, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, pimozide and oxypertine, and two benzodiazepine minor tranquilizers; chlordiazepoxide and diazepam, were studied in mice and rats. When the drugs were injected i.p. in mice, all neuroleptics increased the brain homovanillic acid (HVA) concentration but two benzodiazepines did not change it. Of the drugs tested, only pimozide increased the brain level of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Penfluridol accelerated the turnover rate of brain dopamine (DA), wheras haloperidol accelerated both DA and noradrenaline turnover rates. In rats, oral administration of penfluridol caused an increase in the striatal HVA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid which persisted longer than that following haloperidol. The concentration of brain 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol, however, was not affected by penfluridol even when the drug was administered at a high dose. Based on these and earlier findings, it is concluded that the effect of penfluridol on DA metabolism resembles that of typical neuroleptic compounds and penfluridol acts only on DA neurons as a long-acting DA receptor blocker.