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Goldberg PW, Golumbic MC, Kaplan H, Shamir R. Four strikes against physical mapping of DNA. J Comput Biol 1995; 2:139-52. [PMID: 7497116 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.1995.2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical mapping is a central problem in molecular biology and the human genome project. The problem is to reconstruct the relative position of fragments of DNA along the genome from information on their pairwise overlaps. We show that four simplified models of the problem lead to NP-complete decision problems: Colored unit interval graph completion, the maximum interval (or unit interval) subgraph, the pathwidth of a bipartite graph, and the k-consecutive ones problem for k > or = 2. These models have been chosen to reflect various features typical in biological data, including false-negative and positive errors, small width of the map, and chimericism.
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102
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Kaplan H. The structure of departments of medicine. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:947; author reply 947-8. [PMID: 8078560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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103
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Weinblatt ME, Kaplan H, Germain BF, Block S, Solomon SD, Merriman RC, Wolfe F, Wall B, Anderson L, Gall E. Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. A five-year prospective multicenter study. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1994; 37:1492-8. [PMID: 7945475 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780371013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of oral methotrexate (MTX) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a long-term prospective trial. METHODS One hundred twenty-three patients with RA who completed a 9-month multicenter randomized trial comparing MTX and auranofin enrolled in this 5-year prospective study of MTX. RESULTS Significant (P = 0.0001) improvement compared with baseline was noted in all clinical disease variables, functional status, and the Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). "Marked improvement" occurred in 87 (71%) and 85 (69%) of the patients, respectively, in the joint pain/tenderness index and the joint swelling index at the last evaluable visit. Forty-four patients (36%) withdrew during the study. Eight (7%) withdrew due to lack of efficacy, and 8 (7%) due to adverse experiences, including 1 patient with cirrhosis. At 5 years, 64% of patients were still taking MTX and completed the study. CONCLUSION This large prospective study of long-term MTX treatment demonstrates sustained clinical response and improvement in the Westergren ESR and functional assessment scores, with an acceptable toxicity profile.
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104
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Coker A, Ok E, Tokat Y, Hoşcoşkun C, Kaplan H, Yararbaş O. Evaluation of patients transplanted in countries other than Turkey. Transplant Proc 1994; 26:2455-6. [PMID: 8066803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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105
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Bentkover JD, Baker AM, Kaplan H. Nabumetone in elderly patients with osteoarthritis: economic benefits versus ibuprofen alone or ibuprofen plus misoprostol. PHARMACOECONOMICS 1994; 5:335-342. [PMID: 10160575 DOI: 10.2165/00019053-199405040-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) vary in their potential to produce gastropathy. We compared the 3-month direct medical costs, including those associated with treating NSAID-induced adverse events, of nabumetone, ibuprofen, or ibuprofen plus misoprostol in 171 elderly patients with osteoarthritis. Total direct medical costs per patient treated were $US183 for nabumetone, $US252 for ibuprofen, and $US270 for ibuprofen plus misoprostol. Differences resulted from higher costs associated with treatment of drug-related adverse events with ibuprofen, and higher drug acquisition prices with the combination regimen. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that direct costs with nabumetone approached those for the other 2 regimens if the price of nabumetone increased by 60%, the probability of lesion formation with nabumetone increased 4-fold, the probability of a lesion greater than 0.5cm being symptomatic and needing treatment was 31%, or the price of misoprostol decreased by 50%. Although this study found more lesions because of mandated endoscopies than might be recognised or treated in clinical practice, the results suggest an economic benefit of nabumetone.
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106
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Ploton D, Gilbert N, Ménager M, Kaplan H, Adnet JJ. Three-dimensional co-localization of nucleolar argyrophilic components and DNA in cell nuclei by confocal microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem 1994; 42:137-48. [PMID: 8288859 DOI: 10.1177/42.2.8288859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver dots deposited specifically on proteins of the nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NOR proteins) after a one-step silver staining technique were visualized in cells in culture, in cells in smears, and in tissue sections, with a scanning laser confocal microscope working in the reflectance mode. After specific labeling of DNA with the fluorescent dye chromomycin A3, DNA and silver dots could be observed either individually or simultaneously. Therefore, it was possible to study the three-dimensional organization of nucleolar silver-stained structures relative to DNA with a high X, Y, and Z resolution. Our results showed that the argyrophilic components are organized as a twisted necklace structure within interphase nucleoli of cells in culture. We also demonstrated a striking three-dimensional symmetric disposition of NORs within the two sets of chromosomes in telophase cells. Similar results were obtained for cells in smears, although their three-dimensional organization was somewhat disturbed due to air-drying. We also demonstrated that silver dots cannot be visualized in the reflectance mode within sections of paraffin-embedded tissues. However, their simultaneous demonstration in non-confocal transmitted light, together with that of DNA in confocal mode, appeared very useful to study their localization within nuclei and mitotic chromosomes.
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107
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Kaplan H. What is internal medicine? Ann Intern Med 1993; 119:542. [PMID: 8357138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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108
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Kaplan H. Type-I intermittency for the Hénon-map family. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1993; 48:1655-1669. [PMID: 9960776 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.48.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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109
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Milne R, Kaplan H. Purification and characterization of a trypsin-like digestive enzyme from spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) responsible for the activation of delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 23:663-73. [PMID: 8353523 DOI: 10.1016/0965-1748(93)90040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A trypsin-like enzyme purified from spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) gut juice has a molecular mass of 25 kDa and its pH activity profile indicates a pKa of 8. Sequence homology with bovine trypsin of the N-terminus and active site, and the ionization dependence for catalysis, reflect the typical trypsin-like activities measured. The action of this enzyme (designated CFT-1) is compared to the neat gut juice with regard to the proteolytic activation of the delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis.
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110
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Beorchia A, Heliot L, Menager M, Kaplan H, Ploton D. Applications of medium-voltage STEM for the 3-D study of organelles within very thick sections. J Microsc 1993; 170:247-58. [PMID: 8371261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1993.tb03348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Scanning transmission electron microscopy at 300kV enables the visualization of nucleolar silver-stained structures within thick sections (3-8 microns) of Epon-embedded cells at high tilt angles (-50 degrees; +50 degrees). Thick sections coated with gold particles were used to determine the best conditions for obtaining images with high contrast and good resolution. For a 6-microns-thick section the values of thinning and shrinkage under the beam are 35 to 10%, respectively. At the electron density used in these experiments (100e-/A2/s) it is estimated that these modifications of the section stabilized in less than 10 min. The broadening of the beam through the section was measured and calculations indicated that the subsequent resolution reached 100 nm for objects localized near the lower side of 4-microns-thick sections with a spot-size of 5.6 nm. Comparing the same biological samples, viewed alternately in CTEM and STEM, demonstrated that images obtained in STEM have a better resolution and contrast for sections thicker than 3 microns. Therefore, the visualization of densely stained structures, observed through very thick sections in the STEM mode, will be very useful in the near future for microtomographic reconstruction of cellular organelles.
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111
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Djabourov M, Bonnet N, Kaplan H, Favard N, Favard P, Lechaire JP, Maillard M. 3D analysis of gelatin gel networks from transmission electron microscopy imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1051/jp2:1993155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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112
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Bietlot HP, Schernthaner JP, Milne RE, Clairmont FR, Bhella RS, Kaplan H. Evidence that the CryIA crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis is associated with DNA. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:8240-5. [PMID: 8463332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxin generated by activation of the Bacillus thuringiensis CryIA(c) crystal protein (protoxin) with bovine trypsin was separated into two components by anion-exchange chromatography. One component (T2) was DNA-associated toxin, and the other was the DNA-free toxin (T1). Only one major protoxin component was observed, and it was found to be associated with DNA. The DNA from the T2 toxin varied in size from 100 to 300 base pairs, whereas the crystal and the solubilized protoxin contained 20-kilobase DNA as the major DNA component. DNase treatment converted the T2 toxin to the DNA-free T1 toxin. In contrast, the DNA in the crystal and the solubilized protoxin was resistant to DNase digestion and was not dissociated from the protein by 1.5 M NaCl. The protoxin and DNA appeared to elute as a complex with a molecular mass of > 2 x 10(6) Da on gel-filtration chromatography. No toxin was generated from the protoxin with trypsin after extensive digestion of the protoxin with DNase or dissociation of the DNA by succinylation of the lysine residues. It is proposed that DNA binds to the COOH-terminal half of the crystal protein and is essential for maintaining the conformational integrity required for crystal formation and generation of toxin.
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113
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Bietlot H, Schernthaner J, Milne R, Clairmont F, Bhella R, Kaplan H. Evidence that the CryIA crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis is associated with DNA. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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114
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Tokat Y, Coker A, Basci A, Hoscoskun C, Kaplan H, Yararbas O. Is mezlocilline prophylaxis effective in clinical renal transplantation? Transplant Proc 1992; 24:1757. [PMID: 1412827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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115
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Oomen RP, Kaplan H. Similarities in melittin functional group reactivities during self-association and association with lipid bilayers. Biochemistry 1992; 31:5698-704. [PMID: 1610819 DOI: 10.1021/bi00140a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Competitive labeling of melittin over a range of concentrations in the presence and absence of liposomes provides a series of "snapshots" of the chemical reactivities of melittin's intrinsic nucleophiles. Distinct trends in apparent reactivities were observed for the Gly-1 alpha-amino group and the epsilon-amino groups of Lys-7 and Lys-21 and -23, over a range of concentrations, providing evidence for different forms of associated melittin in solution. The monomer-tetramer transition can be followed, in accord with structural details derived from X-ray crystallography. The reactivity behavior of the alpha-amino group of Gly-1 and the epsilon-amino groups of Lys-21 and Lys-23 suggests these groups undergo similar perturbations in their microenvironments during the monomer-tetramer transition in free solution. Similar changes in reactivity behavior occur upon association of melittin monomers with bilayer-forming lipids. Together, these findings suggest that the local environments of the N- and C-terminal segments have similar physicochemical properties in both the solution tetramer and the lipid-associated complex. The concentration dependence of the chemical properties of melittin is correlated with surface accessibility calculations which are used to provide a framework for interpretation. Aspects of several previously proposed models of membrane lysis can be accounted for by concentration-dependent properties of melittin.
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116
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Banerjee PP, Banerjee U, Kaplan H. Response of an acousto-optic device with feedback to time-varying inputs. APPLIED OPTICS 1992; 31:1842-1852. [PMID: 20720827 DOI: 10.1364/ao.31.001842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the response of an acousto-optic bistable device to time-varying acoustic inputs. The device is justifiably modeled by a two-hump one-dimensional autonomous nonlinear map in which the (implied) map period is determined by the feedback time of the device. Our newly added time-varying input has a period much greater than the feedback time and for simplicity is taken in the form of a periodic square pulse. We use numerical simulation and a matrix method to predict the general behavior of the output intensity at specific instants of time. Background knowledge, viz., general comments on the nature of oneand two-hump one-dimensional maps and their distinction, is also presented in a unified fashion to aid in the understanding of the dynamics of the device. We find that novel changes of the output period can occur for significant feedback amplitudes, and that these changes can be sensitively controlled.
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117
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Kaplan H. Consequences of the constant Jacobian determinant of the Hénon map. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 45:2187-2191. [PMID: 9907237 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.45.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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118
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119
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Bonnet N, Simova E, Lebonvallet S, Kaplan H. New applications of multivariate statistical analysis in spectroscopy and microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3991(92)90231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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120
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Choma CT, Kaplan H. Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein: effect of chemical modification of the cysteine and lysine residues. J Invertebr Pathol 1992; 59:75-80. [PMID: 1541850 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90114-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The 16 cysteine residues of reduced protoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-73 can be quantitatively reacted with: (a) iodoacetic acid, to give carboxymethyl protoxin; (b) iodoacetamide, giving carbaminomethyl protoxin and (c) N-(beta-iodoethyl)trifluoroacetamide to give aminoethyl protoxin. The carboxymethyl derivative was found to be significantly more soluble at neutral pH values where both the native protoxin and the carbaminomethyl derivative exhibit low solubilities. At the alkaline pH values (pH 9.5-10.5) normally used to solubilize the crystal protein, the native protein was slightly more soluble than either the carboxymethyl or the carbaminomethyl derivatives. The aminoethyl derivative had an extremely low solubility at all pH values. Succinic anhydride reacted with only 35% of the lysine residues in both the carboxymethyl and the carbaminomethyl protoxin derivatives. Nonetheless, these succinylated protoxins exhibited significantly increased solubilities at neutral pH values. All the derivatives were found to retain full insecticidal activity toward spruce budworm (Choristeneura fufimerana) larvae. It is concluded that all the cysteine residues and modified lysine residues are on the surface of the protein and that derivatization does not alter the conformation of the solubilized protoxin.
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121
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Benmeir P, Neuman A, Weinberg A, Rotem M, Eldad A, Lusthaus S, Kaplan H, Wexler MR. Reconstruction of a completely burned nose by a free dorsalis pedis flap. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 1991; 44:570-1. [PMID: 1773217 DOI: 10.1016/0007-1226(91)90090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A 25-year-old female with a scarred and contracted nose following burns, because the upper limbs could not be used as donor areas, had a free dorsalis pedis flap used to reconstruct the nose 18 months post-burn. The case is reported and the literature reviewed.
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122
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Marder WD, Meenan RF, Felson DT, Reichlin M, Birnbaum NS, Croft JD, Dore RK, Kaplan H, Kaufman RL, Stobo JD. The present and future adequacy of rheumatology manpower. A study of health care needs and physician supply. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1991; 34:1209-17. [PMID: 1930309 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780341002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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123
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Choma CT, Surewicz WK, Kaplan H. The toxic moiety of the Bacillus thuringiensis protoxin undergoes a conformational change upon activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 179:933-8. [PMID: 1898414 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)91908-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic processing of the 133-kDa crystal protein (protoxin) from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki yields a 67-kDa insecticidal toxin. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate whether the toxic moiety in the protoxin molecule has the same conformation as activated toxin. Compared to protoxin, toxin gives rise to a more complex endotherm which extends over a 10 degrees C broader temperature range and contains a component occurring at a substantially higher temperature than any unfolding transition in the protoxin endotherm. It is concluded that the toxic moiety undergoes a conformational change upon activation in which the thermal stability of at least one of its domains is significantly increased.
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124
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Kaplan H, Bally SJ, Brandt F. Communication Self-Assessment Scale Inventory for Deaf Adults. J Am Acad Audiol 1991; 2:164-82. [PMID: 1768885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Communication Self-Assessment Scale for Deaf Adults (CSDA) evaluates difficult communication situations, their importance to the respondent, communication strategies, and communication attitudes. Scale items use simple descriptive language in active declarative form. Each scale is comprised of three or more subscales. The subject responds using a three point semantic differential based on frequency of occurrence or degree of importance. Item analysis, factor analysis, internal consistency reliability studies, and collection of normative data have been performed on a population of 290 deaf adults.
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125
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Tsur H, Kaplan H, Shafir R, Rosner M, Orenstein A, Rosen N. Repair of the severely contracted socket with meshed skin graft and semi-rigid conformer. OPHTHALMIC SURGERY 1991; 22:269-73. [PMID: 1852380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nine severely contracted sockets were reconstructed using a meshed skin graft in conjunction with a semi-rigid conformer-stent. Particularly useful following unsuccessful surgery with mucosal grafting, or in cases where for some reason mucosal grafts cannot be obtained, this technique is superior to current procedures utilizing nonmeshed split-thickness skin grafts.
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