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Jang M, Jung T, Cho H, Hong S, Dhong H, Chung S, Kim H. Effect of parapharyngeal fat on dynamic obstruction of upper airway in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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102
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Cho H, Ahn S, Lim K, Kim W, Lee Y, Ko B. Early failure of noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4796217 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Chung H, Ahn S, Kim J, Min H, Lee J, Kim C, Cho H. The tongue volume influences on the lowest oxygen saturation than apnea–hypopnea index in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ok SH, Yu J, Lee Y, Cho H, Shin IW, Sohn JT. Lipid emulsion attenuates apoptosis induced by a toxic dose of bupivacaine in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:929-37. [PMID: 26437793 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115608930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of lipid emulsion on apoptosis induced by a toxic dose of bupivacaine (BPV) in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cell lines. The effect of lipid emulsion on the decreased cell viability and count induced by BPV or mepivacaine (MPV) in the H9c2 cells was assessed using an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay or a cell count assay. The effect of BPV or lipid emulsion combined with BPV on cleaved caspase 3, caspase 8, and Bax in H9c2 cells was investigated using Western blotting. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect apoptosis of H9c2 cells treated with BPV alone or lipid emulsion combined with BPV. The magnitude of lipid emulsion-mediated attenuation of decreased cell viability induced by BPV was higher than that of lipid emulsion-mediated attenuation of decreased cell viability induced by MPV. Lipid emulsion attenuated the increases in cleaved caspase 3, caspase 8 and Bax induced by BPV. Lipid emulsion attenuated the increases in TUNEL-positive cells induced by BPV. These results suggest that lipid emulsion attenuates a toxic dose of BPV-induced apoptosis via inhibition of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The protective effect of lipid emulsion may be partially associated with the relatively high lipid solubility of BPV.
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Cho H, Shin D, Kim J, Jeong M, Bang I. Evaluation of carcinogenicity of urban particulate matter SRM1648a by cell transformation assay. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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106
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Cho H, Shin D, Kim J, Bang I, Jeong M. Polyhexamethylene biguanidine induce pulmonary inflammatory responses. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cho H, Park Y, Shin D, Kim J, Jeong M, Bang I. Lignan from the seeds of morning glory induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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108
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Sowa T, Menju T, Chen F, Nakanishi T, Neri S, Cho H, Shikuma K, Motoyama H, Hijiya K, Aoyama A, Sato T, Sonobe M, Harada H, Date H. 3121 HIF-1α expression correlated with glycolytic metabolism, and affected on drug resistance in lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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109
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Hiki N, Yoshikawa T, Sakamaki K, Ito S, Fujitani K, Takiguchi N, Kawashima Y, Nishikawa K, Sasako M, Ida S, Aoyama T, Honda M, Sato T, Nunobe S, Cho H. 1122 A phase III trial to confirm preventing effects of perioperative enteral EPA-enriched immunonutrition on body weight loss after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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110
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Yoshikawa T, Fujitani K, Nishikawa K, Tanabe K, Ito S, Matsui T, Miki A, Nemoto H, Sakamaki K, Cho H, Fukunaga T, Kimura Y, Hirabayashi N. 2222 Comparison of chemotherapy-related toxicities in a randomized 2X2 phase II trial comparing two and four courses of cisplatin/S-1 (CS) and docetaxel/cisplatin/S-1 (DCS) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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111
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Menju T, Imamura N, Neri S, Cho H, Nakanishi T, Shikuma K, Sowa T, Sonobe M, Sabe H, Feller S, Date H. 186 Grb2 promotes cancer invasiveness via EGF-induced GEP100-Arf6 pathway. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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112
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Cho H, Kim C, Kim HJ, Ye BS, Kim YJ, Jung NY, Son TO, Cho EB, Jang H, Lee J, Kang M, Shin HY, Jeon S, Lee JM, Kim ST, Choi YC, Na DL, Seo SW. Impact of smoking on neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease markers in cognitively normal men. Eur J Neurol 2015; 23:110-9. [PMID: 26264353 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Smoking is a major risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. However, the exact pathobiology of smoking remains unknown. The effects of smoking on cortical thickness as a biomarker of neurodegeneration or white matter hyperintensities and lacunes as biomarkers of cerebrovascular burden were concurrently evaluated. METHODS Our study included 977 cognitively normal men who visited a health promotion centre and underwent medical check-ups, including 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging. Participants were categorized into never smoker, past smoker or current smoker groups and pack-years and the years of smoking cessation were used as continuous variables. RESULTS The current smoker group exhibited cortical thinning in frontal and temporo-parietal regions compared with the never smoker group. These effects were particularly prominent in smokers with a high cumulative exposure to smoking in the current smoker group. However, there was no association between smoking and the severity of white matter hyperintensity or number of lacunes. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that smoking might impact on neurodegeneration rather than cerebrovascular burdens in cognitively normal men, suggesting that smoking might be an important modifiable risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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Ogawa A, Cho H. Role of food emulsifiers in milk coffee beverages. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 449:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ding H, Cho H, Kumar N, Sennung D, Molloi S. SU-D-204-01: Dual-Energy Calibration for Breast Density Measurement Using Spectral Mammography. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4923895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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115
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Cho H, Hepel J, Brindle J. SU-E-T-397: Evaluation of Planned Dose Distributions by Monte Carlo (0.5%) and Ray Tracing Algorithm for the Spinal Tumors with CyberKnife. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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116
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Cho H, Ding H, Sennung D, Kumar N, Molloi S. TU-CD-207-02: Quantification of Breast Lesion Compositions Using Low-Dose Spectral Mammography: A Feasibility Study. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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117
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Ding H, Cho H, Kumar N, Sennung D, Ng AL, Molloi S. TU-CD-207-01: Characterization of Breast Tissue Composition Using Spectral Mammography. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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118
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Kumar N, Ding H, Cho H, Sennung D, Molloi S. SU-D-204-02: Dual-Energy Based Spectral Mammography for Characterization of Breast Lesion Composition: A Postmortem Study. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4923896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Tsuchiya Y, Matsuo N, Cho H, Tsubouchi K, Kumagai M, Nishii Y, Nanjoh M, Yamamoto T. Vitamin D and vitamin D dependency. CONTRIBUTIONS TO NEPHROLOGY 2015; 22:89-100. [PMID: 6967387 DOI: 10.1159/000385991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Administration of large doses of vitamin D2 brought about a marked increase of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in both the patients with vitamin D dependency and hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets. During the administration of vitamin D2, increment of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was marked in hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets, but far smaller in vitamin D dependency. In the latter, however, the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D reached the level close to the normal adult values. 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 was found 50 approximately 100 times as effective as vitamin D2 in 2 patients with vitamin D dependency (optimum maintenance dose: 0.05 micrograms/kg/day). It was concluded that 1 alpha-hydroxylation in the renal tubules is markedly defective in the patients with vitamin D dependency, but that a large dose of vitamin D2 is able to cause a definite increase in serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D resulting in improvement of the rickets.
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Cho H, Chay D, Kim S, Kim Y, Kim J. QRF1 expression results in oncogenic potential and poor prognosis in cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.01.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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121
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Han SH, Cho JH, Jung HS, Suh JY, Kim JK, Kim YR, Cho G, Cho H. Robust MR assessment of cerebral blood volume and mean vessel size using SPION-enhanced ultrashort echo acquisition. Neuroimage 2015; 112:382-389. [PMID: 25818683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravascular superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION)-enhanced MR transverse relaxation rates (∆R2(⁎) and ∆R2) are widely used to investigate in vivo vascular parameters, such as the cerebral blood volume (CBV), microvascular volume (MVV), and mean vessel size index (mVSI, ∆R2(⁎)/∆R2). Although highly efficient, regional comparison of vascular parameters acquired using gradient-echo based ∆R2(⁎) is hampered by its high sensitivity to magnetic field perturbations arising from air-tissue interfaces and large vessels. To minimize such demerits, we took advantage of the dual contrast property of SPION and both theoretically and experimentally verified the direct benefit of replacing gradient-echo based ∆R2(⁎) measurement with ultra-short echo time (UTE)-based ∆R1 contrast to generate the robust CBV and mVSI maps. The UTE acquisition minimized the local measurement errors from susceptibility perturbations and enabled dose-independent CBV measurement using the vessel/tissue ∆R1 ratio, while independent spin-echo acquisition enabled simultaneous ∆R2 measurement and mVSI calculation of the cortex, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb, which are animal brain regions typified by significant susceptibility-associated measurement errors.
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Fujikawa H, Sakamaki K, Kawabe T, Hayashi T, Aoyama T, Sato T, Oshima T, Rino Y, Morita S, Masuda M, Ogata T, Cho H, Yoshikawa T. A New Statistical Model Identified Two-thirds of Clinical T1 Gastric Cancers as Possible Candidates for Endoscopic Treatment. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22:2317-22. [PMID: 25752893 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical T1 gastric cancer has low metastatic potential to lymph nodes and is generally curable by local treatment. Endoscopic resection can preserve the whole stomach and does not impair the patient's quality of life; however, its indication is strictly limited to the subset of patients without nodal metastasis. The study was designed to predict reliably the patients without nodal metastasis based only on the clinical information. METHODS We examined patients with clinical T1 disease who were treated with surgery. The clinically available information was evaluated for its ability to predict nodal metastasis by logistic regression model. Then, the predictive ability of the logistic regression model using the risk factors for nodal metastasis was evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS A total of 511 patients were entered into this study. The clinical depth (cT1a or cT1b), maximal tumor diameter, and pathological type were confirmed to be significantly different between patients with and without nodal metastasis. The cutoff value of the tumor diameter differed depending on the histology and clinical depth: 79 mm for differentiated type and 48 mm for undifferentiated type in cT1a tumors, and 43 mm for differentiated type and 11 mm for undifferentiated type in cT1b tumors. According to these criteria, 348 of the 511 patients (68.1 %) were classified to have predictive N0 status. The negative predictive value was 95.7 % (95 % confidence interval 94.0-97.5 %). CONCLUSIONS The predictive criteria based on the multivariate logistic model identified that almost two-thirds of the patients with clinical T1 gastric cancer were possible candidates for endoscopic treatment.
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Han SH, Cho H, Paulsen JL. Optimal sampling with prior information of the image geometry in microfluidic MRI. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2015; 252:78-86. [PMID: 25676820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in MRI acquisition for microscopic flows enable unprecedented sensitivity and speed in a portable NMR/MRI microfluidic analysis platform. However, the application of MRI to microfluidics usually suffers from prolonged acquisition times owing to the combination of the required high resolution and wide field of view necessary to resolve details within microfluidic channels. When prior knowledge of the image geometry is available as a binarized image, such as for microfluidic MRI, it is possible to reduce sampling requirements by incorporating this information into the reconstruction algorithm. The current approach to the design of the partial weighted random sampling schemes is to bias toward the high signal energy portions of the binarized image geometry after Fourier transformation (i.e. in its k-space representation). Although this sampling prescription is frequently effective, it can be far from optimal in certain limiting cases, such as for a 1D channel, or more generally yield inefficient sampling schemes at low degrees of sub-sampling. This work explores the tradeoff between signal acquisition and incoherent sampling on image reconstruction quality given prior knowledge of the image geometry for weighted random sampling schemes, finding that optimal distribution is not robustly determined by maximizing the acquired signal but from interpreting its marginal change with respect to the sub-sampling rate. We develop a corresponding sampling design methodology that deterministically yields a near optimal sampling distribution for image reconstructions incorporating knowledge of the image geometry. The technique robustly identifies optimal weighted random sampling schemes and provides improved reconstruction fidelity for multiple 1D and 2D images, when compared to prior techniques for sampling optimization given knowledge of the image geometry.
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Cho H, Jeung EB. 204 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CALCIUM TRANSPORT GENES EXPRESSION IN HOLSTEIN AND HANWOO (KOREAN CATTLE) IN THE DUODENUM AND KIDNEY. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv27n1ab204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembranous calcium (Ca2+) channels such as Trpv5/6,Ncx1,Pmca1b are known to play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and metabolizing Ca2+ ions. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V members 5 and 6 (Trpv5/6) play an important role in Ca2+ absorption. Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (Ncx1) and plasma membrane Ca2+-transporting ATPase1 (Pmca1b) play a role in Ca2+ excretion. Holstein cattle are known to provide higher milk production than other cattle breeds. In this respect, a higher susceptibility to hypocalcaemia that is a risk factor for many of calcium-related diseases such as milk fever has been observed. In contrary, Hanwoo cattle are relatively resistant to the calcium-related diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of calcium transport genes in the duodenum and kidney of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) and Holstein cattle. All samples were obtained from Holstein and Hanwoo cattle from 36 to 60 months of age at a local slaughterhouse. The collected duodenum and kidney were rapidly excised and washed in cold sterile saline (0.9% NaCl). Total RNA was prepared from duodenum and kidney tissues using TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer's protocol. Protein was extracted using Pro-prep (iNtRON Bio), according to the manufacturer's protocol. Expression of Trpv5/6, Ncx1 and Pmca1b was analysed by real-time RT–PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. In dairy cattle's kidney (Holstein), the level of Trpv5 mRNA was ~3-fold more than Hanwoo's kidney while Pmca1b mRNA was one-fifth less than Hanwoo's kidney. However, no difference in Trpv6 and Ncx1 mRNA expression was observed in the kidney of Holstein compared with Hanwoo. Duodenal Trpv5 and Trpv6 mRNA were scarcely expressed in both Hanwoo and Holstein cattle. In addition, the mRNA expression of Pmca1b and Ncx1 were also not different between Hanwoo and Holstein. The protein expression of calcium transport genes were similar to the mRNA levels of calcium transport genes in both Hanwoo and Holstein. Localization of calcium transporter genes were identified, the glomerulus, and proximal and distal convoluted tubules expressed TRPV5, 6, Pmca1b, and Ncx1 in the kidney. These four calcium transport genes may play an important role in the bovine duodenum and kidney. The difference between Holstein and Hanwoo animals which express different gene expression patterns may be helpful in studying diseases associated with calcium metabolism, e.g. milk fever.
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Wyche TP, Dammalapati A, Cho H, Harrison AD, Kwon GS, Chen H, Bugni TS, Jaskula-Sztul R. Thiocoraline activates the Notch pathway in carcinoids and reduces tumor progression in vivo. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:518-25. [PMID: 25412645 PMCID: PMC4270822 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoids are slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that are characterized by hormone overproduction; surgery is currently the only option for treatment. Activation of the Notch pathway has previously been shown to have a role in tumor suppression in NETs. The marine-derived thiodepsipeptide thiocoraline was investigated in vitro in two carcinoid cell lines (BON and H727). Carcinoid cells treated with nanomolar concentrations of thiocoraline resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation and an alteration of malignant phenotype evidenced by decrease of NET markers, ASCL-1, CgA, and NSE. Western blot analysis demonstrated the activation of Notch1 on the protein level in BON cells. Additionally, thiocoraline activated downstream Notch targets HES1, HES5, and HEY2. Thiocoraline effectively suppressed carcinoid cell growth by promoting cell cycle arrest in BON and H727 cells. An in vivo study demonstrated that thiocoraline, formulated with polymeric micelles, slowed carcinoid tumor progression. Thus, the therapeutic potential of thiocoraline, which induced activation of the Notch pathway, in carcinoid tumors was demonstrated.
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