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Lee JY, Hyun M, Kim HA, Ryu SY. Unusual Presentation of Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis by Alternaria alternate. Ann Dermatol 2019; 31:563-566. [PMID: 33911650 PMCID: PMC7992571 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.5.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alternaria species are dematiaceous fungi. Human infection due to dematiaceous fungi is uncommon. Most reported cases of alternariosis have occurred in patients with immunodeficiency. The majority of cases were solid-organ transplantation recipients. Cutaneous alternariosis lesions are usually asymptomatic solitary nodules, plaques of ulcers or subcutaneous cysts. Here we report a case of a 77-year-old female who presented with hemorrhagic skin necrosis in right arm that had developed from hemorrhagic bullae. Her prior medical history included iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, hypertension, interstitial lung disease and congestive heart failure. Following administration of itraconazole, her lesions improved.
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Kim HA, De Silva TM. Tau and aging - Dialling up inflammation in the brain. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:16-17. [PMID: 31288071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Kim DY, Lee MH, Lee SY, Yang BR, Kim HA. Survival rates following medical intensive care unit admission from 2003 to 2013: An observational study based on a representative population-based sample cohort of Korean patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17090. [PMID: 31517831 PMCID: PMC6750348 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The decision as to whether patients should be admitted to a medical intensive care unit (ICU), in the absence of information concerning survival rates or prognostic factors in survival, is often challenging. We analyzed survival trends in relation to hospital discharge and examined patient and hospital characteristics associated with survival following ICU care, using a sample of nationwide claims data in Korea from 2002 through 2013. The Korean government implements a compulsory social insurance program that covers the country's entire population, and the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) data from 2002 based on this program were used for this study. The NHIS-NSC is a stratified random sample of 1,025,340 subjects selected from around 46 million Koreans. We evaluated annual survival trends using the Kaplan-Meier test. Analyses of the relationship between survival and patient and hospital characteristics were performed using Cox regression analyses. Employing a multivariate model, variables were selected using the forward selection method to consider the multicollinearity of variables. A total of 32,553 patients admitted to an ICU between 2002 and 2013 were identified among the eligible beneficiaries. The number of patients who had histories of ICU admission steadily increased throughout the study period, and patients older than 80 years constituted a progressively increasing proportion of ICU admissions, from 7.3% in 2002 to 16.9% in 2007 to 23.1% in 2013. The mean number of mechanical equipment items applied consistently increased, while no difference was observed in the trend for overall 1-year survival in patients following ICU treatment across the study period: the 1-year survival rate ranged from 66.7% (year 2003) to 64.2% (year 2010). Advanced age, cancer, renal failure, pneumonia, and influenza were all associated with heightened risk of mortality within 1 year. Our results should prove useful to older patients and their clinicians in their decisions regarding whether to seek ICU care, with the goals of improving the end-of life care and optimizing resource utilization.
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Sun M, Brady RD, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Wright DK, Semple BD, Kim HA, Mychasiuk R, Sobey CG, O'Brien TJ, Vinh A, McDonald SJ, Shultz SR. Aged rats have an altered immune response and worse outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:536-550. [PMID: 31039431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial studies suggest that increased age is associated with worse outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI), though the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for this remain unclear. Immunosenescence (i.e., dysregulation of the immune system due to aging) may play a significant role in influencing TBI outcomes. This study therefore examined neurological outcomes and immune response in young-adult (i.e., 10 weeks old) compared to middle-aged (i.e., 1 year old) rats following a TBI (i.e., fluid percussion) or sham-injury. Rats were euthanized at either 24 h or one-week post-injury to analyze immune cell populations in the brain and periphery via flow cytometry, as well as telomere length (i.e., a biomarker of neurological health). Behavioral testing, as well as volumetric and diffusion-weighted MRI, were also performed in the one-week recovery rats to assess for functional deficits and brain damage. Middle-aged rats had worse sensorimotor deficits and shorter telomeres after TBI compared to young rats. Both aging and TBI independently worsened cognitive function and cortical volume. These changes occurred in the presence of fewer total leukocytes, fewer infiltrating myeloid cells, and fewer microglia in the brains of middle-aged TBI rats compared to young rats. These findings indicate that middle-aged rats have worse sensorimotor deficits and shorter telomeres after TBI than young rats, and this may be related to an altered neuroimmune response. Although further studies are required, these findings have important implications for understanding the pathophysiology and optimal treatment strategies in TBI patients across the life span.
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105
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Pham L, Shultz SR, Kim HA, Brady RD, Wortman RC, Genders SG, Hale MW, O'Shea RD, Djouma E, van den Buuse M, Church JE, Christie BR, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, McDonald SJ. Mild Closed-Head Injury in Conscious Rats Causes Transient Neurobehavioral and Glial Disturbances: A Novel Experimental Model of Concussion. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2260-2271. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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106
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Baek HJ, Lim MJ, Park W, Park SH, Shim SC, Yoo DH, Kim HA, Lee SK, Lee YJ, Park YE, Cha HS, Song YW. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in Korean patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:917-931. [PMID: 29334721 PMCID: PMC6610180 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2017.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, in Korean patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) refractory to conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) including methotrexate (MTX). METHODS The main study was a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial that was followed by a 48-week, open-labeled, extension phase. TCZ (8 mg/kg) or placebo was intravenously administered every 4 weeks. RESULTS Those treated with TCZ showed more favorable outcomes in terms of 20% according to the American College of Rheumatology response criteria (ACR20) and ACR50 responses, individual parameters of ACR core set, disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) remission, and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response at week 24. These improvements were maintained or increased during the extension period. DAS28 remission at week 72 was associated with EULAR good response at week 12. The patients who experienced any adverse event (AE) were more frequent in the TCZ group compared to the placebo group. Most AEs were mild or moderate in intensity, although TCZ therapy had possible AEs including serious infection, abnormal liver function, and atherogenic lipid profile. CONCLUSION TCZ infusion add-on is highly efficacious and well-tolerated in Korean patients with active RA refractory to conventional DMARDs including MTX. EULAR good response at week 12 could predict DAS28 remission at week 72.
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Ko JH, Jung DS, Lee JY, Kim HA, Ryu SY, Jung SI, Joo EJ, Cheon S, Kim YS, Kim SW, Cho SY, Kang CI, Chung DR, Lee NY, Peck KR. Poor prognosis of Candida tropicalis among non-albicans candidemia: a retrospective multicenter cohort study, Korea. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 95:195-200. [PMID: 31285122 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate clinical features and prognostic factors of non-albicans candidemia, we conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study at 7 university hospitals in Korea from January 2010 to February 2016. A total of 721 patients with non-albicans candidemia were included in the analysis. C. tropicalis was most commonly identified (36.5%), followed by C. glabrata (27.2%), C. parapsilosis (25.7%), and C. krusei (2.4%). Clinical presentation of C. tropicalis candidemia was most severe with highest median C-reactive protein level (10.1 mg/dL) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (14, both P ≪ 0.05). C. tropicalis showed the highest 14- and 30-day mortality (28.9% and 44.1%). In multivariate analysis, C. tropicalis infection was significantly related with 14- (P = 0.005) and 30-day mortality (P = 0.033). In conclusion, C. tropicalis infection presented most severely and showed worst clinical outcome among non-albicans candidemia.
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108
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Nam S, Sohn MK, Kim HA, Kong HJ, Jung IY. Development of Artificial Intelligence to Support Needle Electromyography Diagnostic Analysis. Healthc Inform Res 2019; 25:131-138. [PMID: 31131148 PMCID: PMC6517633 DOI: 10.4258/hir.2019.25.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study proposes a method for classifying three types of resting membrane potential signals obtained as images through diagnostic needle electromyography (EMG) using TensorFlow-Slim and Python to implement an artificial-intelligence-based image recognition scheme. Methods Waveform images of an abnormal resting membrane potential generated by diagnostic needle EMG were classified into three types-positive sharp waves (PSW), fibrillations (Fibs), and Others-using the TensorFlow-Slim image classification model library. A total of 4,015 raw waveform data instances were reviewed, with 8,576 waveform images subsequently collected for training. Images were learned repeatedly through a convolutional neural network. Each selected waveform image was classified into one of the aforementioned categories according to the learned results. Results The classification model, Inception v4, was used to divide waveform images into three categories (accuracy = 93.8%, precision = 99.5%, recall = 90.8%). This was done by applying the pretrained Inception v4 model to a fine-tuning method. The image recognition model was created for training using various types of image-based medical data. Conclusions The TensorFlow-Slim library can be used to train and recognize image data, such as EMG waveforms, through simple coding rather than by applying TensorFlow. It is expected that a convolutional neural network can be applied to image data such as the waveforms of electrophysiological signals in a body based on this study.
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Park MC, Matsuno H, Kim J, Park SH, Lee SH, Park YB, Lee YJ, Lee SI, Park W, Sheen DH, Choe JY, Choi CB, Hong SJ, Suh CH, Lee SS, Cha HS, Yoo B, Hur JW, Kim GT, Yoo WH, Baek HJ, Shin K, Shim SC, Yang HI, Kim HA, Park KS, Choi IA, Lee J, Tomomitsu M, Shin S, Lee J, Song YW. Long-term efficacy, safety and immunogenicity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis continuing on an etanercept biosimilar (LBEC0101) or switching from reference etanercept to LBEC0101: an open-label extension of a phase III multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group study. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:122. [PMID: 31113455 PMCID: PMC6528252 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the long-term efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of continuing LBEC0101; the etanercept (ETN) biosimilar; or switching from the ETN reference product (RP) to LBEC0101 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods This multicentre, single-arm, open-label extension study enrolled patients who had completed a 52-week randomised, double-blind, parallel phase III trial of LBEC0101 vs ETN-RP. Patients treated with ETN-RP during the randomised controlled trial switched to LBEC0101; those treated with LBEC0101 continued to receive LBEC0101 in this study. LBEC0101 (50 mg) was administered subcutaneously once per week for 48 weeks with a stable dose of methotrexate. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of LBEC0101 were assessed up to week 100. Results A total of 148 patients entered this extension study (70 in the maintenance group and 78 in the switch group). The 28-joint disease activity scores (DAS28)-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were maintained in both groups from week 52 to week 100 (from 3.068 to 3.103 in the maintenance group vs. from 3.161 to 3.079 in the switch group). ACR response rates at week 100 for the maintenance vs. switch groups were 79.7% vs. 83.3% for ACR20, 65.2% vs. 66.7% for ACR50 and 44.9% vs. 42.3% for ACR70. The incidence of adverse events and the proportion of patients with newly developed antidrug antibodies were similar in the maintenance and switch groups (70.0% and 70.5%, 1.4% and 1.3%, respectively). Conclusions Administration of LBEC0101 showed sustained efficacy and acceptable safety in patients with RA after continued therapy or after switching from ETN-RP to LBEC0101. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02715908. Registered 22 March 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-019-1910-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Hyun M, Lee JY, Ryu SY, Ryoo N, Kim HA. Antibiotic Resistance and Clinical Presentation of Health Care-Associated Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in Korea. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1204-1209. [PMID: 31066617 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae typically presents as a community-acquired infection causing a liver abscess. It is often associated with rmpA and magA genes and confers a mucoid phenotype. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical presentation and antibiotic resistance of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP) of health care-associated origin. The study was performed on 414 K. pneumoniae isolates recovered from patients that visited our hospital from December 2013 through November 2015. Hypervirulence was determined by the presence of a hypermucoviscous phenotype, in 155 isolates (37.4%). We compared health care-associated hvKP infections with community-acquired infections. The hypermucoviscous phenotype was 60 isolates (24.2%) in health care-associated infection and 90 isolates (53.8%) in community-acquired infection. Respiratory infection was the most common source of health care-associated K. pneumoniae. Antibiotic resistance was higher in health care-associated hvKP infections, which were more frequently associated with non-K1/K2 serotypes and less frequently associated with rmpA gene. In our study, 38% of hvKP was health care associated. Pneumonia is the most common infection, besides intraabdominal infection, in community-originating strains. These results suggest that health care-associated hvKP may have different microbiological characteristics from classical community-associated infections. Further investigation is needed for other virulent factors associated with health care-associated hvKP.
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Zhang SR, Nold MF, Tang SC, Bui CB, Nold CA, Arumugam TV, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Kim HA. IL-37 increases in patients after ischemic stroke and protects from inflammatory brain injury, motor impairment and lung infection in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6922. [PMID: 31061403 PMCID: PMC6502884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke inflammation may contribute to secondary brain injury and systemic immunosuppression. Interleukin(IL)-37 is an immunosuppressive cytokine belonging to the IL-1 superfamily with no mouse homologue yet identified, the effects of which have not been studied in stroke. Here we report: (1) the effect of ischemic stroke on circulating IL-37 in humans; and (2) the effect of IL-37 on stroke outcome measures in mice transgenic for human IL-37 (IL-37tg). We found that in the first 3 days after ischemic stroke in 55 patients, the plasma abundance of IL-37 was ~2-fold higher than in 24 controls. In IL-37tg mice, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion resulted in marked increases in plasma IL-37 (~9-fold) and brain IL-37 mRNA (~7,000-fold) at 24 h compared with sham-operated IL-37tg mice. Further, compared with wild-type (WT) mice subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, IL-37tg mice exhibited less severe locomotor deficit, smaller cerebral infarcts and reduced bacterial lung infection. In the ischemic hemisphere, there were 60% fewer pro-inflammatory microglia-macrophages and up to 4-fold higher expression of anti-inflammatory markers in IL-37tg compared to WT mice. Our data show that IL-37 expression is increased following ischemic stroke in humans and IL-37tg mice, and may exert protective effects by modulating post-stroke inflammation in the brain and periphery.
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Hwang HS, Lee MH, Kim HA. Fibronectin fragment inhibits xylosyltransferase-1 expression by regulating Sp1/Sp3- dependent transcription in articular chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:833-843. [PMID: 30685487 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of 29-kDa amino-terminal fibronectin fragment (29-kDa FN-f) on xylosyltransferase-1 (XT-1), an essential anabolic enzyme that catalyzes the initial and rate-determining step in glycosaminoglycan chain synthesis, in human primary chondrocytes. METHODS Proteoglycan and XT-1 expression in cartilage tissue was analyzed using safranin O staining and immunohistochemistry. The effects of 29-kDa FN-f on XT-1 expression and its relevant signaling pathway were analyzed by quantitative real-time-PCR, immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunoprecipitation assays. The receptors for 29-kDa FN-f were investigated using small interference RNA and blocking antibodies. RESULTS The expression of XT-1 was significantly lower in human osteoarthritis cartilage than in normal cartilage. Intra-articular injection of 29-kDa FN-f reduced proteoglycan levels and XT-1 expression in murine cartilage. In addition, in 29-kDa FN-f-treated cells, XT-1 expression was significantly suppressed at both the mRNA and protein levels, modulated by the transcription factors specificity protein 1 (Sp1), Sp3, and activator protein 1 (AP-1). The 29-kDa FN-f suppressed the binding of Sp1 to the promoter region of XT-1 and enhanced the binding of Sp3 and AP-1. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways restored the 29-kDa FN-f-inhibited XT-1 expression, along with the altered expression of Sp1 and Sp3. Blockading toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and integrin α5β1 via siRNA and blocking antibodies revealed that the effects of 29-kDa FN-f on XT-1 expression were mediated through the TLR-2 and integrin α5β1 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that 29-kDa FN-f negatively affects cartilage anabolism by regulating glycosaminoglycan formation through XT-1.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/enzymology
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondrocytes/drug effects
- Chondrocytes/enzymology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Fibronectins/pharmacology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/enzymology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/genetics
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- Pentosyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pentosyltransferases/biosynthesis
- Pentosyltransferases/genetics
- Pentosyltransferases/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Sp3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Sp3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Transcription Factor AP-1/genetics
- Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- UDP Xylose-Protein Xylosyltransferase
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Hwang HS, Choi MH, Kim HA. 29-kDa FN-f inhibited autophagy through modulating localization of HMGB1 in human articular chondrocytes. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 29804557 PMCID: PMC6235092 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin fragments found in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) induce the catabolic responses in cartilage. Nuclear high-mobility group protein Box 1 (HMGB1), a damage-associated molecular pattern, is responsible for the regulation of signaling pathways related to cell death and survival in response to various stimuli. In this study, we investigated whether changes induced by 29-kDa aminoterminal fibronectin fragment (29-kDa FN-f) in HMGB1 expression influences the pathogenesis of OA via an HMGB1- modulated autophagy signaling pathway. Human articular chondrocytes were enzymatically isolated from articular cartilage. The level of mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of proteins was examined by western blot analysis, immnunofluorescence assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Interaction of proteins was evaluated by immunoprecipitation. The HMGB1 level was significantly lower in human OA cartilage than in normal cartilage. Although 29-kDa FN-f significantly reduced the HMGB1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels 6 h after treatment, the cytoplasmic level of HMGB1 was increased in chondrocytes treated with 29-kDa FN-f, which significantly inhibited the interaction of HMGB1 with Beclin-1, increased the interaction of Bcl-2 with Beclin-1, and decreased the levels of Beclin-1 and phosphorylated Bcl-2. In addition, the level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II, an autophagy marker, was down-regulated in chondrocytes treated with 29-kDa FN-f, whereas the effect was antagonized by mTOR knockdown. Furthermore, prolonged treatment with 29-kDa FN-f significantly increased the release of HMGB1 into the culture medium. These results demonstrated that 29-kDa FN-f inhibits chondrocyte autophagy by modulating the HMGB1 signaling pathway. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(10): 509-514].
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Hyun M, Lee JY, Kim HA, Ryu SY. Comparison of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Acute Pyelonephritis in Korean Patients. Infect Chemother 2019; 51:130-141. [PMID: 31270992 PMCID: PMC6609746 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2019.51.2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are two of the most common causes of urinary tract infection. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of acute pyelonephritis (APN) between E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with APN due to E. coli and K. pneumoniae between February 2014 and October 2017. Results A total 329 patients were enrolled; 258 cases of E. coli and 71 cases of K. pneumoniae. Among them, 219 cases were categorized into community-onset APN; 194 cases of E. coli and 25 cases of K. pneumoniae, and 110 patients were categorized into healthcare-associated APN; 64 cases of E. coli and 46 cases of K. pneumoniae. Catheter-associated APN was more frequently observed in K. pneumoniae in both community-onset and healthcare-associated APN. Neurogenic bladder, obstructive uropathy, urinary tract stone, bacteremia, and severe APN were more related to E. coli in healthcare-associated APN. In multivariate analysis, urinary catheter was more associated with K. pneumoniae (odds ratio [OR] 9.643, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 4.919-18.904, P = 0.001) and neurogenic bladder was more associated with E. coli (OR 3.765, 95% CI 1.112-12.772, P = 0.033). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was observed in 29.0% of E. coli in community-onset APN. Among ESBL, antimicrobial susceptibility of piperacillin/tazobactam was significantly higher in E. coli and ciprofloxacin was significantly higher in K. pneumoniae. Conclusion K. pneumoniae were more associated with urinary catheter while E. coli tended to be more associated with urogenital problems. ESBL positivity showed no significance in healthcare-associated APN. In community-onset APN, ESBL producing E. coli was more observed than K. pneumoniae.
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Chang HH, Kim SW, Kwon KT, Kim HI, Kim MJ, Ryu SY, Kim HA, Hur J, Kwon HH, Hong HL. Preliminary Report of Seroprevalence of Anti-Measles Immunoglobulin G among Healthcare Workers of 6 Teaching Hospitals of Daegu, Korea in 2019. Infect Chemother 2019; 51:54-57. [PMID: 30941938 PMCID: PMC6446006 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2019.51.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The measles outbreak in Daegu of January 2019 made 6 teaching hospitals' organization test the measles immunity of their healthcare workers (HCWs). We found that 6,935 (75.9%) of 9,132 HCWs tested seropositive for anti-measles immunoglobulin G (IgG), and seropositivity rate was very different between 6 hospitals (range, 59.9–93.1%). The seroprevelence was lowest in the age of twenties, but the rate was different between 6 hospitals (range 47.0–85.5%). Therefore, to prevent measles from spreading to HCWs, each hospital should make their own data periodically about anti-measles IgG seropositivity of their HCWs.
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Song JJ, Song YW, Bae SC, Cha HS, Choe JY, Choi SJ, Kim HA, Kim J, Kim SS, Lee CK, Lee J, Lee SH, Lee SS, Lee SK, Lee SW, Park SH, Park W, Shim SC, Suh CH, Yoo B, Yoo DH, Yoo WH. Treat-to-Target Strategy for Asian Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Result of a Multicenter Trial in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e346. [PMID: 30584418 PMCID: PMC6300659 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the therapeutic benefits of the treat-to-target (T2T) strategy for Asian patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Korea. METHODS In a 1-year, multicenter, open-label strategy trial, 346 patients with early RA were recruited from 20 institutions across Korea and stratified into 2 groups, depending on whether they were recruited by rheumatologists who have adopted the T2T strategy (T2T group) or by rheumatologists who provided usual care (non-T2T group). Data regarding demographics, rheumatoid factor titer, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody titer, disease activity score of 28 joints (DAS28), and Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire (KHAQ) score were obtained at baseline and after 1 year of treatment. In the T2T group, the prescription for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs was tailored to the predefined treatment target in each patient, namely remission (DAS28 < 2.6) or low disease activity (LDA) (2.6 ≤ DAS28 < 3.2). RESULTS Data were available for 163 T2T patients and 162 non-T2T patients. At the end of the study period, clinical outcomes were better in the T2T group than in the non-T2T group (LDA or remission, 59.5% vs. 35.8%; P < 0.001; remission, 43.6% vs. 19.8%; P < 0.001). Compared with non-T2T, T2T was also associated with higher rate of good European League Against Rheumatism response (63.0% vs. 39.8%; P < 0.001), improved KHAQ scores (-0.38 vs. -0.13; P = 0.008), and higher frequency of follow-up visits (5.0 vs. 2.0 visits/year; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In Asian patients with early RA, T2T improves disease activity and physical function. Setting a pre-defined treatment target in terms of DAS28 is recommended.
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Evans MA, Kim HA, De Silva TM, Arumugam TV, Clarkson AN, Drummond GR, Zosky GR, Broughton BR, Sobey CG. Diet-induced vitamin D deficiency has no effect on acute post-stroke outcomes in young male mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:1968-1978. [PMID: 28832249 PMCID: PMC6259312 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17719208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent observational studies have reported that patients with low circulating levels of vitamin D experience larger infarct volumes and worse functional outcomes after ischemic stroke compared to those with sufficient levels. However, it is unknown whether a causal relationship exists between low vitamin D levels and poor stroke outcome. This study aimed to assess the effect of vitamin D deficiency on acute outcomes post-stroke. Male C57Bl6 mice (six week old) were assigned to either a control or vitamin D deficient diet for four weeks prior to stroke. Stroke was induced by 1 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with reperfusion. At 24 h, we assessed functional outcomes, infarct volume, quantified immune cells in the brain by immunofluorescence and examined susceptibility to lung infection. ELISAs showed that the plasma level of hydroxyvitamin D3 was 85% lower in mice fed the vitamin D-deficient diet compared with the control group. Despite this, vitamin D deficiency had no impact on functional outcomes or infarct volume after stroke. Further, there were no differences in the numbers of infiltrating immune cells or bacterial load within the lungs. These data suggest that diet-induced vitamin D deficiency has no effect on acute post-stroke outcomes.
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Ko JH, Jung DS, Lee JY, Kim HA, Ryu SY, Jung SI, Joo EJ, Cheon S, Kim YS, Kim SW, Cho SY, Kang CI, Chung DR, Lee NY, Peck KR. Changing epidemiology of non-albicans candidemia in Korea. J Infect Chemother 2018; 25:388-391. [PMID: 30482698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An epidemiologic surveillance of non-albicans candidemia for a 6-year period was conducted in Korea. Compared to the published epidemiologic data for the previous 6 years, an increase of C. glabrata (from 21.3% to 28.5%) and a decrease of C. parapsilosis (from 36.5% to 24.7%) were noticed. During the study period, C. tropicalis (36.4%) was most frequently isolated non-albicans Candida, followed by C. glabrata (28.5%), C. parapsilosis (24.7%), and C. krusei (2.6%). Replacement of primary amphotericin B treatment with echinocandins (P < 0.001) eliminated amphotericin B resistance (from 7.8% in 2011 to 0% in 2014).
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Zhang SR, Piepke M, Chu HX, Broughton BR, Shim R, Wong CH, Lee S, Evans MA, Vinh A, Sakkal S, Arumugam TV, Magnus T, Huber S, Gelderblom M, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Kim HA. IL-33 modulates inflammatory brain injury but exacerbates systemic immunosuppression following ischemic stroke. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121560. [PMID: 30232272 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke triggers a complex inflammatory process in which the balance between pro- and antiinflammatory mediators is critical for the development of the brain infarct. However, systemic changes may also occur in parallel with brain inflammation. Here we demonstrate that administration of recombinant IL-33, a recently described member of the IL-1 superfamily of cytokines, promotes Th2-type effects following focal ischemic stroke, resulting in increased plasma levels of Th2-type cytokines and fewer proinflammatory (3-nitrotyrosine+F4/80+) microglia/macrophages in the brain. These effects of IL-33 were associated with reduced infarct size, fewer activated microglia and infiltrating cytotoxic (natural killer-like) T cells, and more IL-10-expressing regulatory T cells. Despite these neuroprotective effects, mice treated with IL-33 displayed exacerbated post-stroke lung bacterial infection in association with greater functional deficits and mortality at 24 hours. Supplementary antibiotics (gentamicin and ampicillin) mitigated these systemic effects of IL-33 after stroke. Our findings highlight the complex nature of the inflammatory mechanisms differentially activated in the brain and periphery during the acute phase after ischemic stroke. The data indicate that a Th2-promoting agent can provide neuroprotection without adverse systemic effects when given in combination with antibiotics.
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Kim HA, Jeong SW. Gender diversity in employees and discretionary accruals: the Korean evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/ijaim-07-2016-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the relation between gender diversity in employees and earnings quality. Specifically, how gender diversity among full-time and part-time employees is associated with discretionary accruals in Korea is examined.
Design/methodology/approach
The author analyzes the association between women ratio among full-time (part-time) employees and discretionary accruals by using 3,687 firm-years of Korean listed companies from 2010 to 2012. The regression model used in Barua et al. (2010) is adopted. The dependent variables, the absolute value of discretionary accruals, are proxied by the Modified Jones Model of Dechow et al. (1995) and the Performance Matched Model of Kothari et al. (2005).
Findings
First, a higher ratio of women among full-time workers is related to lower discretionary accruals, whereas that of part-time female employees is not related to discretionary accruals. Second, the effect of gender diversity in employees varies depending on the possibility of earnings management. Third, the results are robust with sample firm-years without female executives, thereby suggesting that the results are not driven by the existence of female executives, and robust to accounting standards and firm-year clustering.
Originality/value
This paper expands the understanding about the determination of discretionary accruals by demonstrating the impact of full-time female employees on earnings quality. Previous studies demonstrated that female workers are more ethical in the workplace, and the quality of accounting information disclosed by firms with female CFOs or directors, i.e. high ranking officers, is higher. It is observed that accounting information quality is higher when firms simply have more female workers, regardless of their relative position in the firm. This complements the results of previous studies and indicates gender diversity among employees is a sign of accounting information quality.
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Lee H, Kim HA. Orthostatic tachycardia with different onset time in patients with orthostatic intolerance. J Neurol Sci 2018; 390:166-171. [PMID: 29801880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether there is a difference in the neuro-autonomic and hemodynamic parameters in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) according to onset time of orthostatic tachycardia during the Head-up tilt (HUT) test. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed neuro-autonomic and hemodynamic data from patients with orthostatic intolerance. A standardized battery of neuro-autonomic tests, including the HUT, Valsalva maneuver, heart rate deep breathing and quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test, was performed. The beat-to-beat derived hemodynamic parameters, including systolic blood pressure (BP) (SBP), mean BP (MBP), diastolic BP, heart rate (HR), total peripheral resistance, stroke volume, and cardiac output, were also extracted from HUT test. According to onset time of orthostatic tachycardia (OT), we divided patients into two groups; HR increase "within 10 minutes" (i.e., early OT) and HR increase "after 10 minutes" (i.e., late OT). RESULTS We identified 210 patients with OT during HUT test. Forty-three percent of patients were included in early OT group and 57% were late OT group. Patients in late OT group were older than early OT group. Late OT group tended to have baseline hypertension more frequently compared to early OT group. After adjusting for age, late OT group showed higher baseline SBP and MBP, and lower increase of HR during HUT test than early OT group. However, other neuro-autonomic and hemodynamic parameters did not show significant differences between two groups. CONCLUSION Orthostatic tachycardia might be developed in the late period during the HUT test. There were no remarkable differences in neuro-autonomic and hemodynamic parameters between early and late OT groups. It seems reasonable to extend the duration of HUT test to at least 20 min, to increase the diagnostic yield in patients with a history of orthostatic intolerance suspected as having POTS.
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Park IY, Cho NH, Lim SH, Kim HA. Gender-specific associations between fat mass, metabolic syndrome and musculoskeletal pain in community residents: A three-year longitudinal study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200138. [PMID: 29985938 PMCID: PMC6037368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase in fat mass is correlated with musculoskeletal pain. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between fat mass and the musculoskeletal pain prospectively in Korean community residents. In the Korean Health and Genome Study, participants (mean age 60.2 years, 56.2% women) completed pain questionnaires and underwent dual x-ray absorptiometry to calculate body composition. Three-year follow-up data on pain was available for 1,325 participants. Pain was categorized according to number of pain regions. At three years of follow-up, participants were classified as follows: 1) no pain both at baseline and at three years (no pain), 2) any pain (one, two or more, or widespread regions) at baseline and no pain at three years (transient pain), 3) no pain at baseline and any pain at three years (new pain) 4) any pain both at baseline and at 3 years (persistent pain). 1) and 2) were grouped as no/transient pain group (no pain) and 3) and 4) as new/persistent pain group (pain). Female gender and obesity were two significant factors associated with the persistence or development of pain. Total fat mass and fat:muscle mass ratio were associated with pain among female participants only, and the odds ratios for pain were significantly increased in female participants in the highest quartile of total fat mass and fat muscle ratio after adjustment. In conclusion, both female gender and obesity were two significant factors associated with pain. Fat mass parameters and pain were significantly associated only among females.
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Kim S, Han J, Kim HA, Lim BC, Seo JE, Choi M, Kim KJ, Lee IG, Chae JH. Neuropathy, Ataxia, Retinitis Pigmentosa-like Phenotype Associated with a Mitochondrial G8363A Mutation in a Family. ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE 2018; 48:546-548. [PMID: 30143501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Ko JH, Peck KR, Jung DS, Lee JY, Kim HA, Ryu SY, Jung SI, Joo EJ, Cheon S, Kim YS, Kim SW, Cho SY, Ha YE, Kang CI, Chung DR, Lee NY, Song JH. Impact of high MIC of fluconazole on outcomes of Candida glabrata bloodstream infection: a retrospective multicenter cohort study. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 92:127-132. [PMID: 29929855 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the impacts of fluconazole minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) according to primary antifungal agents on Candida glabrata bloodstream infection (BSI), a multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in Korea, concerning the time period from January 2010 to February 2016. A total of 197 adult patients with C. glabrata BSI were included in the study, and neutropenia (P = 0.026), APACHE II score (P = 0.004), and fluconazole resistance (HR 3.960, 95% CI 1.395-11.246, P = 0.010) were associated with 30-day mortality in multivariate analysis. In subgroup analysis, fluconazole MIC = 32 μg/mL in the azole-treated group (HR 6.691, 95% CI 1.569-28.542, P = 0.010) and fluconazole MIC ≥ 64 μg/mL in the non-azole-treated group (HR 3.337, 95% CI 1.183-9.411, P = 0.023) showed the highest hazard ratio (HR) for 30-day mortality. Increased fluconazole MIC was associated with poor outcome both in azole- and non-azole-treated patients with C. glabrata BSI.
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Hyun M, Noh CI, Ryu SY, Kim HA. Changing trends in clinical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:595-603. [PMID: 29117671 PMCID: PMC5943641 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Klebsiella pneumoniae is second most common organism of gram-negative bacteremia in Korea and one of the most common cause of urinary tract infection, and intra-abdominal infection. METHODS We compared clinical and microbiological characteristics about K. pneumoniae bacteremia in a tertiary hospital between 10 years. Group A is who had K. pneumoniae bacteremia at least one time from January 2004 to December 2005. Group B is from January 2012 to December 2013. We also analyzed antibiotic resistance, clinical manifestation of the K. pneumoniae bacteremia divided into community-acquired infections, healthcare associated infections, and nosocomial infections. RESULTS The resistance for ampicillin, aztreonam, cefazolin, and cefotaxime significantly increased compared to 10 years ago. Extended spectrum β-lactamase positivity surged from 4.3% to 19.6%. Ten years ago, 1st, 2nd cephalosporin, and aminoglycoside were used more as empirical antibiotics. But these days, empirical antibiotics were broad spectrum such as 3rd and 4th cephalosporin. In treatment outcome, acute kidney injury decreased from 47.5% to 28.7%, and mortality decreased from 48.9% to 33.2%. In community-acquired infections, there was similar in antimicrobial resistance and mortality. In healthcare-associated and nosocomial infections, there was significantly increasing in antibiotic resistance, decreasing in mortality, and acute kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS In community-acquired infections, broader antibiotics were more used than 10 years ago despite of similar antimicrobial resistance. When K. pneumoniae bacteremia is suspected, we recommend to use the narrow spectrum antibiotics as initial therapy if there are no healthcare-associated risk factors, because the antibiotic resistance is similar to 10 years ago in community-acquired infections.
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