101
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Ramayo-Caldas Y, Mercadé A, Castelló A, Yang B, Rodríguez C, Alves E, Díaz I, Ibáñez-Escriche N, Noguera J, Pérez-Enciso M, Fernández A, Folch J. Genome-wide association study for intramuscular fatty acid composition in an Iberian × Landrace cross1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:2883-93. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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102
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Fuertes JJ, Domínguez M, Díaz I, Prada MA, Morán A, Alonso S. Visualization maps based on SOM to analyze MIMO systems. Neural Comput Appl 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-012-1090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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103
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Roca M, Gimeno M, Bruguera S, Segalés J, Díaz I, Galindo-Cardiel IJ, Martínez E, Darwich L, Fang Y, Maldonado J, March R, Mateu E. Effects of challenge with a virulent genotype II strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on piglets vaccinated with an attenuated genotype I strain vaccine. Vet J 2012; 193:92-6. [PMID: 22264642 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is endemic in most parts of Asia, where genotype I and II strains of diverse virulence may coexist. This study evaluated the outcome of infection with a highly virulent Asian genotype II PRRSV isolate in piglets vaccinated with a genotype I vaccine. Twenty-one 3-week-old piglets were divided in three groups: Pigs in group V (n=8) were vaccinated with an attenuated genotype I commercial PRRSV vaccine, while pigs in group U (n=8) and a control group (group C; n=5) were unvaccinated; 6 weeks later, pigs in groups V and U were challenged intranasally with a highly virulent strain of genotype II PRRSV (1×10(5) 50% tissue culture infectious doses/mL), while pigs in group C received a placebo. Over a period of 21 days after challenge, vaccinated pigs had significantly lower mortality (0/8 versus 2/8), fewer days of fever, a lower frequency of catarrhal bronchopneumonia, higher weight gains (13.4 versus 6.6 kg) and lower levels of viraemia compared to unvaccinated challenged pigs. Immunisation with a genotype I attenuated PRRSV vaccine provided partial protection against challenge with a highly virulent genotype II strain.
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104
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Ramos I, Díaz I, Fdz-Polanco M. The role of the headspace in hydrogen sulfide removal during microaerobic digestion of sludge. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2012; 66:2258-2264. [PMID: 22949260 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2012.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of the headspace (HS) in the microaerobic removal of hydrogen sulfide from biogas produced during sludge digestion was studied. Research was carried out in a pilot reactor with a total volume of 265 L, under mesophilic conditions. Biogas was successfully desulfurized (99%) by introducing pure oxygen (0.46 NL/L(fed)) into the recirculation stream when the HS volume was both 50.0 and 9.5 L. The removal efficacy dropped sharply to ≈15% when the HS was reduced to 1.5 L. The system responded quickly to the operational changes imposed: micro-oxygenation stops and variations in supply, as well as HS volume reductions and increases. As the final result, the microaerobic process required a minimum surface into the gas space to occur, which along with the elemental sulfur deposition in this area indicated that the oxidation took place there. Additionally, the pattern of sulfur accumulation suggested that the removal occurred preferentially on certain materials, and pointed to a significant biological contribution.
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105
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Díaz I, Fdz-Polanco M. Robustness of the microaerobic removal of hydrogen sulfide from biogas. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2012; 65:1368-1374. [PMID: 22466581 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2012.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Several disturbances presented in full-scale digesters can potentially affect the efficiency of the microaerobic removal process. This study evaluates the variation of the sulfur load and the performance of the system in situations of oxygen lack or excess and after normal rates are recovered. The process was shown to recover from oxygen lack or excess within 28 h when the original conditions were restored in a pilot-plant digester of 200 L treating sewage sludge with HRT of 20 days. The decrease of the sulfur load to the digester did not affect the biogas composition in the short-term and when oxygen rate was reduced to adjust to the lower hydrogen sulfide production, the removal proceeded normally with a lower unemployed oxygen amount. The digester opening to remove accumulated sulfur in the headspace did not alter process performance once the microaerobic removal was restarted.
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106
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Díaz I, Donoso-Bravo A, Fdz-Polanco M. Effect of microaerobic conditions on the degradation kinetics of cellulose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:10139-10142. [PMID: 21906933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Limited oxygen supply to sludge digesters has shown to be an effective method to eliminate hydrogen sulfide from the biogas produced during anaerobic digestion but uneven results have been found in terms of the effect on the degradation of complex organic matter. In this study, the effect that the limited oxygen supply provoked on the "anaerobic" degradation of cellulose was evaluated in batch-tests. The microaerobic assays showed to reach a similar maximum production of methane than the anaerobic ones after 19 d and a similar hydrolytic activity (considering a first order rate constant); however, the microaerobic assays presented a shorter lag-phase time than the anaerobic test resulting in faster production of methane during the first steps of the degradation; specifically, the maximum methane production found in the anaerobic test in 19 d was found in the microaerobic test before the day 15.
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107
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Quintanilla R, Pena RN, Gallardo D, Cánovas A, Ramírez O, Díaz I, Noguera JL, Amills M. Porcine intramuscular fat content and composition are regulated by quantitative trait loci with muscle-specific effects1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:2963-71. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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108
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Mas G, Llavall M, Coll D, Roca R, Díaz I, Oliver MA, Gispert M, Realini CE. Effect of an elevated monounsaturated fat diet on pork carcass and meat quality traits and tissue fatty acid composition from York-crossed barrows and gilts. Meat Sci 2011; 89:419-25. [PMID: 21632183 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-seven York-crossed barrows and gilts were fed either a grain and soy diet (CONTROL with 28% C18:1) or a similar diet enriched with oleic acid (HO with 43% C18:1, Greedy-Grass OLIVA®). There were no interactions between dietary treatment and gender and there were no differences in intramuscular and subcutaneous fatty acid composition between sexes (P>0.05). Similar primal cut yields, composition of major primal cuts, and carcass and meat quality characteristics were found for HO and CONTROL fed pigs. Apart from a few significant but small differences for some fatty acids, intramuscular fatty acid composition was similar for both dietary treatments. Subcutaneous fat from HO fed pigs had a 6.9% increase in total monounsaturated fatty acids and a 9.3% reduction in total polyunsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05) compared with CONTROL fed animals, without adversely affecting carcass quality and producing suitable hams for processing by the meat industry.
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109
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Díaz I, Pérez SI, Ferrero EM, Fdz-Polanco M. Effect of oxygen dosing point and mixing on the microaerobic removal of hydrogen sulphide in sludge digesters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3768-3775. [PMID: 21193305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Limited oxygen supply to anaerobic sludge digesters to remove hydrogen sulphide from biogas was studied. Micro-oxygenation showed competitive performance to reduce considerably the additional equipment necessary to perform biogas desulphurization. Two pilot-plant digesters with an HRT of ∼ 20 d were micro-oxygenated at a rate of 0.25 NL per L of feed sludge with a removal efficiency higher than 98%. The way of mixing (sludge or biogas recirculation) and the point of oxygen supply (headspace or liquid phase) played an important role on hydrogen sulphide oxidation. While micro-oxygenation with sludge recirculation removed only hydrogen sulphide from the biogas, dissolved sulphide was removed if micro-oxygenation was performed with biogas recirculation. Dosage in the headspace resulted in a more stable operation. The result of the hydrogen sulphide oxidation was mostly elemental sulphur, partially accumulated in the headspace of the digester, where different sulphide-oxidising bacteria were found.
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110
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Díaz I, Lopes AC, Pérez SI, Fdz-Polanco M. Determination of the optimal rate for the microaerobic treatment of several H2S concentrations in biogas from sludge digesters. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2011; 64:233-238. [PMID: 22053480 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of H2S in the biogas produced during anaerobic digestion has to be carried out to ensure the efficient long-lasting use of its energetic potential. The microaerobic removal of H2S was studied to determine the treatment capacity at low and high H2S concentrations in the biogas (0.33 and 3.38% v/v) and to determine the optimal O2 rate that achieved a concentration of H2S of 150 mg/Nm3 or lower. Research was performed in pilot-plant scale digesters of sewage sludge, with 200 L of working volume, in mesophilic conditions with a hydraulic retention time of 20 d. O2 was supplied at different rates to the headspace of the digester to create the microaerobic conditions. The treatment successfully removed H2S from the biogas with efficacies of 97% for the low concentration and 99% for the highest, in both cases achieving a concentration below 150 mg/Nm3. An optimal O2 rate of 6.4 NLO2/Nm3 of biogas when treating the biogas was found with 0.33% (v/v) of H2S and 118 NLO2/ Nm3 of biogas for the 3.38% (v/v) concentration. This relation may be employed to control the H2S content in the biogas while optimising the O2 supply.
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111
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Díaz I, Lopes AC, Pérez SI, Fdz-Polanco M. Performance evaluation of oxygen, air and nitrate for the microaerobic removal of hydrogen sulphide in biogas from sludge digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:7724-7730. [PMID: 20605444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The removal performance of hydrogen sulphide in severely polluted biogas produced during the anaerobic digestion of sludge was studied by employing pure oxygen, air and nitrate as oxidant reactives supplied to the biodigester. Research was performed in a 200-L digester with an hydraulic retention time (HRT) of ∼20 days under mesophilic conditions. The oxygen supply (0.25 N m³/m³ feed) to the bioreactor successfully reduced the hydrogen sulphide content from 15,811 mg/N m³ to less than 400 mg/N m³. The introduction of air (1.27 N m³/m³ feed) removed more than 99% of the hydrogen sulphide content, with a final concentration of ∼55 mg/N m³. COD removal, VS reduction and methane yield were not affected under microaerobic conditions; however, methane concentration in the biogas decreased when air was employed as a result of nitrogen dilution. The nitrate addition was not effective for hydrogen sulphide removal in the biogas.
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112
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Casellas J, Noguera JL, Reixach J, Díaz I, Amills M, Quintanilla R. Bayes factor analyses of heritability for serum and muscle lipid traits in Duroc pigs1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2246-54. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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113
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Touss J, Romero A, Plana J, Guerrero L, Díaz I, Hermoso JF. Características químico-sensoriales de los aceites de oliva «Arbequina» obtenidos en distintas zonas de España. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2010. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.1997.v48.i6.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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114
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Ordóñez-Gutiérrez L, Martínez M, Rubio-Somoza I, Díaz I, Mendez S, Alunda J. Leishmania infantum: Antiproliferative effect of recombinant plant cystatins on promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes estimated by direct counting and real-time PCR. Exp Parasitol 2009; 123:341-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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115
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Cánovas E, Quintanilla R, Badaoui B, Porredón C, Gallardo D, Pena R, Díaz I, Amills M. Pig HDL-binding protein (HDLBP) genotype is associated with intramuscular fat percentage. Livest Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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116
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Galindo I, Díaz I, Ganges L, Pujols J, Darwich L, Gimeno M, Mateu E. GP5 and M proteins of prrsv could be related to inflammatory responses. J Comp Pathol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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117
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Gallardo D, Quintanilla R, Varona L, Díaz I, Ramírez O, Pena RN, Amills M. Polymorphism of the pigacetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase αgene is associated with fatty acid composition in a Duroc commercial line. Anim Genet 2009; 40:410-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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118
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Pena RN, Cánovas A, Varona∗ L, Díaz I, Gallardo D, Ramírez O, Noguera JL, Quintanilla R. Nucleotide Sequence and Association Analysis of Pig Apolipoprotein-B and LDL-Receptor Genes. Anim Biotechnol 2009; 20:110-23. [DOI: 10.1080/10495390902892518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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119
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Alvarez B, Cantó C, Pujols J, Díaz I, Mateu E, Rodríguez-Carreño MP, Revilla C, Ezquerra A, Alonso F, Domínguez J. Adjuvant effect of porcine chemokines on DNA vaccination of pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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120
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Garde A, Giraldo BF, Jané R, Díaz I, Herrera S, Benito S, Domingo M, Bayés-Genis A. Characterization of periodic and non-periodic breathing pattern in chronic heart failure patients. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2008:3227-30. [PMID: 19163394 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4649891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Periodic breathing (PB) has a high prevalence in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with mild to moderate symptoms and poor ventricular function. This work proposes the analysis and characterization of the respiratory pattern to identify periodic breathing pattern (PB) and non-periodic breathing pattern (nPB) through the respiratory flow signal. The respiratory pattern analysis is based on the extraction and the study of the flow envelope signal. The flow envelope signal is modelled by an autoregressive model (AR) whose coefficients would characterize the respiratory pattern of each group. The goodness of the characterization is evaluated through a linear and non linear classifier applied to the AR coefficients. An adaptive feature selection is used before the linear and non linear classification, employing leave-one-out cross validation technique. With linear classification the percentage of well classified patients (8 PB and 18 nPB patients) is 84.6% using the statistically significant coefficients whereas with non linear classification, the percentage of well classified patients increase to more than 92% applying the best subset of coefficients extracted by a forward selection algorithm.
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121
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Fdz-Polanco M, Díaz I, Pérez SI, Lopes AC, Fdz-Polanco F. Hydrogen sulphide removal in the anaerobic digestion of sludge by micro-aerobic processes: pilot plant experience. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2009; 60:3045-3050. [PMID: 19955627 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
H(2)S removal from biogas produced in anaerobic digestion of sludge through the introduction of oxygen under micro-aerobic conditions is studied. Research was carried out in two pilot plant reactors (working volume, 200 L each) treating sludge from WWTP with HRT of 20 days. Mixing was provided via sludge or biogas recirculation. Introduction of very low oxygen flow (0.013-0.024 L/L(reactor) d) successfully removed H(2)S content in biogas with an efficiency above 99%. Reactor performance during micro-aerobic operation in terms of biogas production, methane yield and COD removal were not affected by the amount of oxygen supplied, remaining stable and similar to the anaerobic behaviour. Sludge recirculation ( approximately 50 L/h) and biogas recirculation ( approximately 3.5 L/min) as mixing methods were found not significant in H(2)S removal from biogas while biogas recirculation reduced by 10 times dissolved sulphide concentration compared to sludge recirculation.
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122
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Serra E, Alfredsson V, Blanco R, Díaz I. A comprehensive strategy for the immobilization of lipase in ordered mesoporous materials. ZEOLITES AND RELATED MATERIALS: TRENDS, TARGETS AND CHALLENGES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL FEZA CONFERENCE 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(08)80219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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123
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Mach N, Devant M, Díaz I, Font-Furnols M, Oliver MA, García JA, Bach A. Increasing the amount of n-3 fatty acid in meat from young Holstein bulls through nutrition1. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:3039-48. [PMID: 17032798 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2005-632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-four Holstein bulls were blocked by initial BW (301 +/- 7.4 kg) and randomly assigned to 6 treatments following a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, with 3 concentrate lipid levels (5, 8, and 11% of DM) and 2 lipid sources (whole canola seed and whole linseed), with the objective of evaluating the possibility of increasing the content of n-3 fatty acids in meat. Concentrates (mostly corn meal) were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Concentrate and straw were both fed ad libitum. Animal BW was recorded every 2 wk, and feed consumption was recorded weekly. Ruminal pH and VFA concentrations were determined monthly. Bulls were transported to the slaughterhouse when they achieved the target slaughter weight of 443 kg (after 105 +/- 4 d of fattening). After slaughter, a sample of LM from the sixth to the eighth ribs was dissected and analyzed for intramuscular fat content and fatty acid profile. Dietary lipid source did not affect overall animal performance, rumen fermentation, or carcass quality. Rumen pH was >6.0 despite consumption by the bulls of large amounts of concentrate. In bulls fed linseed, the percentage of n-3 fatty acids in LM increased linearly with lipid level, whereas in bulls fed canola seed it remained constant. The ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids was lower (P < 0.01) in the LM of bulls fed linseed (10.0) than in those fed canola seed (26.0). The content of cis-9, trans-11-CLA in the LM tended (P = 0.06) to be greater in the bulls fed linseed than in those fed canola seed (62.9 vs. 49.2 mg/kg of LM, respectively). Concentration of n-3 fatty acids in meat of bulls fed high-concentrate diets can be enhanced by whole linseed supplementation without affecting animal performance, ruminal fermentation, or carcass quality.
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124
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Díaz I, Darwich L, Pappaterra G, Pujols J, Mateu E. Different European-type vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus have different immunological properties and confer different protection to pigs. Virology 2006; 351:249-59. [PMID: 16712895 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Revised: 02/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunization of piglets with two different European-type modified live vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus produced different outcomes. After vaccination, pigs became viremic (42 days), neutralizing antibodies did not develop, and frequencies of virus-specific gamma-interferon-secreting cells (IFN-gamma-SC) were low. Levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) seemed to inversely correlate with interferon-gamma responses. After a challenge with a virulent Spanish strain, one vaccine (V3) protected piglets against viremia while the other (V1) did not. The vaccine V3 induced the highest IFN-gamma-SC frequencies. IL-2, IL-4 or transforming growth factor-beta responses were not detected at any time for neither of the vaccines. In contrast, haptoglobin rose in sera of viremic pigs after the challenge. These results indicated a strong involvement of IFN-gamma, and maybe IL-10, in the development of immunity against PRRS virus.
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125
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Mateu E, Díaz I, Darwich L, Casal J, Martín M, Pujols J. Evolution of ORF5 of Spanish porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains from 1991 to 2005. Virus Res 2005; 115:198-206. [PMID: 16269197 PMCID: PMC7172362 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Revised: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ORF5 sequences of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were analysed to determine genetic diversity, codon usage, positive and negative selection sites and potential changes in the predicted glycoprotein 5 (GP5). A hypothetical GP5 containing all selected sites was constructed to determine its characteristics. These sequences corresponded to isolates obtained 10 years apart (1991–1995, 18 strains) and a second set (n = 46) from 2000 to 2005. Similarity to Lelystad virus (LV) decreased from 95.5% in 1991–1995 to 89.5% in 2000–2005. Three highly variable regions were found in ORF5. Codon usage was different in both sets for leucine, glutamine, serine and proline. Thus, 2000–2005 sequences used codons more similar to those present in highly expressed pig genes compared to the 1991–1995 set. Twenty four sites of positive selection and 20 sites of negative selection were found in GP5, most of them in transmembrane regions. Additional glycosylation in N37 of GP5 was common in 2000–2005 but some sequences lack a glycosylation site in N46. The hypothetical GP5 was only 88.1% similar to LV and was less hydrophobic. Taking together these results suggest that PRRSV is still adapting to pig cells.
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