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Klohs J, Politano IW, Deistung A, Grandjean J, Drewek A, Dominietto M, Keist R, Schweser F, Reichenbach JR, Nitsch RM, Knuesel I, Rudin M. Longitudinal Assessment of Amyloid Pathology in Transgenic ArcAβ Mice Using Multi-Parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66097. [PMID: 23840405 PMCID: PMC3686820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to monitor pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective of this longitudinal study was to assess the effects of progressive amyloid-related pathology on multiple MRI parameters in transgenic arcAβ mice, a mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), T1-mapping and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), a novel MRI based technique, were applied to monitor structural alterations and changes in tissue composition imposed by the pathology over time. Vascular function and integrity was studied by assessing blood-brain barrier integrity with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and cerebral microbleed (CMB) load with susceptibility weighted imaging and QSM. A linear mixed effects model was built for each MRI parameter to incorporate effects within and between groups (i.e. genotype) and to account for changes unrelated to the disease pathology. Linear mixed effects modelling revealed a strong association of all investigated MRI parameters with age. DWI and QSM in addition revealed differences between arcAβ and wt mice over time. CMBs became apparent in arcAβ mice with 9 month of age; and the CMB load reflected disease stage. This study demonstrates the benefits of linear mixed effects modelling of longitudinal imaging data. Moreover, the diagnostic utility of QSM and assessment of CMB load should be exploited further in studies of AD.
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Radbruch A, Mucke J, Schweser F, Deistung A, Ringleb PA, Ziener CH, Roethke M, Schlemmer HP, Heiland S, Reichenbach JR, Bendszus M, Rohde S. Comparison of susceptibility weighted imaging and TOF-angiography for the detection of Thrombi in acute stroke. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63459. [PMID: 23717426 PMCID: PMC3662691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Time-of-flight (TOF) angiography detects embolic occlusion of arteries in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to the absence of blood flow in the occluded vessel. In contrast, susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) directly enables intravascular clot visualization due to hypointense susceptibility vessel signs (SVS) in the occluded vessel. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of both methods to determine vessel occlusion in patients with acute stroke. METHODS 94 patients were included who presented with clinical symptoms for acute stroke and displayed a delay on the time-to-peak perfusion map in the territory of the anterior (ACA), middle (M1, M1/M2, M2/M3) or posterior (PCA) cerebral artery. The frequency of SVS on SWI and vessel occlusion or stenosis on TOF-angiography was compared using the McNemar-Test. RESULTS 87 of 94 patients displayed a clearly definable SVS on SWI. In 72 patients the SVS was associated with occlusion or stenosis on TOF-angiography. Fifteen patients exclusively displayed SVS on SWI (14 M2/M3, 1 M1), whereas no patient revealed exclusively occlusion or stenosis on TOF-angiography. Sensitivity for detection of embolic occlusion within major vessel segments (M1, M1/M2, ACA, and PCA) did not show any significant difference between both techniques (97% for SWI versus 96% for TOF-angiography) while the sensitivity for detection of embolic occlusion within M2/M3 was significantly different (84% for SWI versus 39% for TOF-angiography, p<0.00012). CONCLUSIONS SWI and TOF-angiography provide similar sensitivity for central thrombi while SWI is superior for the detection of peripheral thrombi in small arterial vessel segments.
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Schenk P, Siebert T, Hiepe P, Güllmar D, Reichenbach JR, Wick C, Blickhan R, Böl M. Determination of three-dimensional muscle architectures: validation of the DTI-based fiber tractography method by manual digitization. J Anat 2013; 223:61-8. [PMID: 23678961 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used increasingly to investigate three-dimensional (3D) muscle architectures. So far there is no study that has proved the validity of this method to determine fascicle lengths and pennation angles within a whole muscle. To verify the DTI method, fascicle lengths of m. soleus as well as their pennation angles have been measured using two different methods. First, the 3D muscle architecture was analyzed in vivo applying the DTI method with subsequent deterministic fiber tractography. In a second step, the muscle architecture of the same muscle was analyzed using a standard manual digitization system (MicroScribe MLX). Comparing both methods, we found differences for the median pennation angles (P < 0.001) but not for the median fascicle lengths (P = 0.216). Despite the statistical results, we conclude that the DTI method is appropriate to determine the global fiber orientation. The difference in median pennation angles determined with both methods is only about 1.2° (median pennation angle of MicroScribe: 9.7°; DTI: 8.5°) and probably has no practical relevance for muscle simulation studies. Determining fascicle lengths requires additional restriction and further development of the DTI method.
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Reichenbach JR. Einführung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1345810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Reichenbach JR. Diffusionsbildgebung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1345985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Domey J, Bergemann C, Krumbein I, Reichenbach JR, Bremer-Streck S, Kaiser WA, Hilger I. Optical and MR-Imaging of inflammation via mononuclear phagocyte labelling with bimodal nanoparticles. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1346600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Koch K, Wagner G, Schachtzabel C, Schultz CC, Güllmar D, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H, Zimmer C, Schlösser RGM. Association between white matter fiber structure and reward-related reactivity of the ventral striatum. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:1469-76. [PMID: 23616433 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual responsiveness to rewards or rewarding stimuli may affect various domains of normal as well as pathological behavior. The ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens (NAcc) constitutes a key brain structure in the regulation of reward-appetitive behavior. It remains unclear, however, to which extent individual reward-related BOLD response in the NAcc is dependent on individual characteristics of connecting white matter fiber tracts. Using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) this combined DTI - fMRI study investigated this question by correlating NAcc BOLD signal upon receipt of a monetary reward with different white matter characteristics (FA, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity). The results show that increased integrity of white matter as assessed by FA in the cingulate and corpus callosum, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, the anterior thalamic radiation and the anterior limb of the internal capsule was positively correlated with reward-related activation in the NAcc. There were no negative correlations as well as no significant results regarding axial and radial diffusivity. These findings indicate that microstructural properties of fiber tracts connecting, amongst others, the cortex with the striatum may influence intensity of reward-related responsiveness of the ventral striatum by constraining or increasing efficiency in information transfer within relevant circuitries involved in processing of reward.
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Nenadic I, Dietzek M, Langbein K, Rzanny R, Gussew A, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H, Smesny S. Effects of olanzapine on 31P MRS metabolic markers in schizophrenia. Hum Psychopharmacol 2013; 28:91-3. [PMID: 23225665 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drug action might include mechanisms related to normalising phospholipid and high-energy metabolism. We applied brain metabolic imaging with (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P MRS) and two-dimensional chemical shift imaging to assess changes of metabolism of phospholipids and high-energy phosphates in schizophrenia patients at baseline (four antipsychotic-naïve and three off antipsychotics) and at follow-up, after 6 weeks of treatment with olanzapine. Results indicate a significant increase of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) in the right inferior temporal cortex and a trend towards ATP decrease in the left cerebellum. This suggests a shift in high-energy phosphates (rather than phospholipids), possibly related to normalisation of functioning in these areas.
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Nenadic I, Maitra R, Scherpiet S, Gaser C, Schultz CC, Schachtzabel C, Smesny S, Reichenbach JR, Treutlein J, Mühleisen TW, Deufel T, Cichon S, Rietschel M, Nöthen MM, Sauer H, Schlösser RGM. Glutamate receptor δ 1 (GRID1) genetic variation and brain structure in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:1531-9. [PMID: 23017809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Common genetic variation in the promoter region of the glutamate receptor delta 1 (GRID1) gene has recently been shown to confer increased risk for schizophrenia in several independent large samples. We analysed high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 62 patients with schizophrenia and 54 healthy controls using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to assess the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism rs3814614 (located in the GRID1 promoter region), of which the T allele was identified as a risk factor in a previous association study. There were no effects of genotype or group × genotype interactions on total brain grey matter or white matter, but on regional grey matter. In healthy subjects, we identified a significant effect of rs3814614 genotype in the anterior thalamus (bilaterally), superior prefrontal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex - in all cases with the homozygous risk genotype TT resulting in higher grey matter density. We did not find this association within the schizophrenia sample, where rs3814614 variation was only associated with grey matter reduction in TT homozygous subjects in medial parietal cortex and increased grey matter in right medial cerebellum. For white matter, we did not find significant genotype effects in healthy controls, and only minor effects within schizophrenia patients in the posterior temporal lobe white matter. Our data indicate that GRID1 rs3814614 genotype is related to grey matter variation in prefrontal and anterior thalamic brain areas in healthy subjects, but not in patients indicating a potential role of this schizophrenia candidate gene in thalamo-cortical functioning.
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Deistung A, Schäfer A, Schweser F, Biedermann U, Turner R, Reichenbach JR. Toward in vivo histology: a comparison of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) with magnitude-, phase-, and R2*-imaging at ultra-high magnetic field strength. Neuroimage 2012; 65:299-314. [PMID: 23036448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative magnetic susceptibility mapping (QSM) has recently been introduced to provide a novel quantitative and local MRI contrast. However, the anatomical contrast represented by in vivo susceptibility maps has not yet been compared systematically and comprehensively with gradient (recalled) echo (GRE) magnitude, frequency, and R(2)(*) images. Therefore, this study compares high-resolution quantitative susceptibility maps with conventional GRE imaging approaches (magnitude, frequency, R(2)(*)) in healthy individuals at 7 T with respect to anatomic tissue contrast. Volumes-of-interest were analyzed in deep and cortical gray matter (GM) as well as in white matter (WM) on R(2)(*) and susceptibility maps. High-resolution magnetic susceptibility maps of the human brain exhibited superb contrast that allowed the identification of substructures of the thalamus, midbrain and basal ganglia, as well as of the cerebral cortex. These were consistent with histology but not generally visible on magnitude, frequency or R(2)(*)-maps. Common target structures for deep brain stimulation, including substantia nigra pars reticulata, ventral intermediate nucleus, subthalamic nucleus, and the substructure of the internal globus pallidus, were clearly distinguishable from surrounding tissue on magnetic susceptibility maps. The laminar substructure of the cortical GM differed depending on the anatomical region, i.e., a cortical layer with increased magnetic susceptibility, corresponding to the Stria of Gennari, was found in the GM of the primary visual cortex, V1, whereas a layer with reduced magnetic susceptibility was observed in the GM of the temporal cortex. Both magnetic susceptibility and R(2)(*) values differed substantially in cortical GM depending on the anatomic regions. Regression analysis between magnetic susceptibility and R(2)(*) values of WM and GM structures suggested that variations in myelin content cause the overall contrast between gray and white matter on susceptibility maps and that both R(2)(*) and susceptibility values provide linear measures for iron content in GM. In conclusion, quantitative magnetic susceptibility mapping provides a non-invasive and spatially specific contrast that opens the door to the assessment of diseases characterized by variation in iron and/or myelin concentrations. Its ability to reflect anatomy of deep GM structures with superb delineation may be useful for neurosurgical applications.
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Gaser C, Schmidt S, Metzler M, Herrmann KH, Krumbein I, Reichenbach JR, Witte OW. Deformation-based brain morphometry in rats. Neuroimage 2012; 63:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Ros C, Güllmar D, Stenze M, Mentzel HJ, Reichenbach JR. Quantitative fiber bundle-based analysis of diffusion-weighted MRI data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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113
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Langkammer C, Schweser F, Krebs N, Deistung A, Goessler W, Scheurer E, Sommer K, Reishofer G, Yen K, Fazekas F, Ropele S, Reichenbach JR. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) as a means to measure brain iron? A post mortem validation study. Neuroimage 2012; 62:1593-9. [PMID: 22634862 PMCID: PMC3413885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a novel technique which allows determining the bulk magnetic susceptibility distribution of tissue in vivo from gradient echo magnetic resonance phase images. It is commonly assumed that paramagnetic iron is the predominant source of susceptibility variations in gray matter as many studies have reported a reasonable correlation of magnetic susceptibility with brain iron concentrations in vivo. Instead of performing direct comparisons, however, all these studies used the putative iron concentrations reported in the hallmark study by Hallgren and Sourander (1958) for their analysis. Consequently, the extent to which QSM can serve to reliably assess brain iron levels is not yet fully clear. To provide such information we investigated the relation between bulk tissue magnetic susceptibility and brain iron concentration in unfixed (in situ) post mortem brains of 13 subjects using MRI and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A strong linear correlation between chemically determined iron concentration and bulk magnetic susceptibility was found in gray matter structures (r = 0.84, p < 0.001), whereas the correlation coefficient was much lower in white matter (r = 0.27, p < 0.001). The slope of the overall linear correlation was consistent with theoretical considerations of the magnetism of ferritin supporting that most of the iron in the brain is bound to ferritin proteins. In conclusion, iron is the dominant source of magnetic susceptibility in deep gray matter and can be assessed with QSM. In white matter regions the estimation of iron concentrations by QSM is less accurate and more complex because the counteracting contribution from diamagnetic myelinated neuronal fibers confounds the interpretation.
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Burmeister HP, Bitter T, Heiler PM, Irintchev A, Fröber R, Dietzel M, Baltzer PA, Reichenbach JR, Gudziol H, Guntinas-Lichius O, Kaiser WA. Analyse der Signalintensitätsprofile des Bulbus olfactorius: Basis für eine Evaluation von neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen und Riechstörungen? Ein Vergleich von 3T-MRT, MR-Mikroskopie, und Histologie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ros C, Güllmar D, Stenzel M, Reichenbach JR, Mentzel HJ. Semi-automatische Extraktion von Faserbündeln aus multiplen MR-DTI Datensätzen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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116
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Burmeister HP, Bitter T, Heiler PM, Irintchev A, Fröber R, Dietzel M, Baltzer PA, Schad LR, Reichenbach JR, Gudziol H, Guntinas-Lichius O, Kaiser WA. Imaging of lamination patterns of the adult human olfactory bulb and tract: In vitro comparison of standard- and high-resolution 3T MRI, and MR microscopy at 9.4T. Neuroimage 2012; 60:1662-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Wiese H, Kloth N, Güllmar D, Reichenbach JR, Schweinberger SR. Perceiving age and gender in unfamiliar faces: An fMRI study on face categorization. Brain Cogn 2012; 78:163-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Gussew A, Erdtel M, Hiepe P, Rzanny R, Reichenbach JR. Absolute quantitation of brain metabolites with respect to heterogeneous tissue compositions in 1H-MR spectroscopic volumes. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 25:321-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-012-0305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Koch K, Schultz CC, Wagner G, Schachtzabel C, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H, Schlösser RGM. Disrupted white matter connectivity is associated with reduced cortical thickness in the cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. Cortex 2012; 49:722-9. [PMID: 22402338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both impaired white matter connectivity and alterations in gray matter morphometry have repeatedly been reported in schizophrenia. Neurodevelopmental models propose a close linkage between gray matter alterations and white matter deficits. However, there are no studies investigating alterations in cortical thickness in relation to white matter connectivity changes. METHODS This combined diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) - surface based morphometry study examined a potential linkage between disruption in white matter connectivity and alterations in cortical thickness. Cortical thickness was analyzed using the FreeSurfer software package (version 4.0.5, http://surfer.nmr.harvard.edu) in a sample of 19 patients with schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls. RESULTS Whole brain node-by-node correlational analysis revealed a highly significant association ( r= -.8, p < .0001) between disturbed white matter connectivity in the superior temporal cortex and diminished cortical thickness in the posterior part of the cingulate cortex (Brodmann area 23/31). CONCLUSIONS This result indicates a significant linkage between disturbed white matter connectivity and reduced cortical thickness in a relevant node of the default mode network that is held to be of high pathophysiological relevance in schizophrenia. The result moreover provides support for the assumption of a neurodevelopmental pathogenesis of the disorder.
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Nenadic I, Langbein K, Weisbrod M, Maitra R, Rzanny R, Gussew A, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H, Smesny S. 31P-MR spectroscopy in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Schizophr Res 2012; 134:296-7. [PMID: 22051037 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Koch K, Wagner G, Schachtzabel C, Schultz CC, Straube T, Güllmar D, Reichenbach JR, Peikert G, Sauer H, Schlösser RGM. White matter structure and symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:264-70. [PMID: 22099866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that the different symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may be mediated by partially distinct neural systems. This DTI study investigated the relationship between symptom dimensions and white matter microstructure. Fractional anisotropy (FA), axial and radial diffusivity was analyzed in relation to the main OCD symptom dimensions. Symptom severity on the obsessing dimension was negatively correlated with FA in the corpus callosum and the cingulate bundle. Severity on the ordering dimension was negatively correlated with FA in, amongst others, the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and the right optic radiation. All correlations were ascribable to alterations in radial diffusivity while there was no association between symptoms and axial diffusivity. Present results illustrate an association between alterations in visual processing tracts and ordering symptoms which are characterized by altered visual processing and increased attention towards irrelevant detail. They also indicate an association between obsessive thoughts and alterations in structures known to be relevant for cognitive control and inhibition. Hence, different symptom dimensions must be taken into account in order to disentangle the neurobiological underpinnings of OCD.
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Schultz CC, Koch K, Wagner G, Nenadic I, Schachtzabel C, Güllmar D, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H, Schlösser RGM. Reduced anterior cingulate cognitive activation is associated with prefrontal-temporal cortical thinning in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 71:146-53. [PMID: 21967959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anterior cingulate cortex plays a central role in altered processes of cognitive control in schizophrenia. However, the cortical foundations of disturbed anterior cingulate cognitive activation are poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the association of anterior cingulate cognitive activation and cortical thickness in schizophrenia combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and surface-based morphometry. METHODS Fifty-three patients with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV and 53 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were included and underwent fMRI and high-resolution T1-weighted MRI. fMRI data was analyzed using SPM5. Cortical thickness was calculated using an automated computerized algorithm (Freesurfer Software). Statistical cortical maps were created correlating anterior cingulate activation and cortical thickness on a node-by-node basis covering the entire cortex in schizophrenia and healthy control subjects. RESULTS Patients demonstrated a significantly reduced anterior cingulate cognitive activation. Significantly differing associations of anterior cingulate activation and cortical thickness were found in a pattern of dorsolateral prefrontal, superior frontal-anterior cingulate, and superior temporal cortical regions, where patients but not healthy control subjects demonstrated a significant association of reduced anterior cingulate activation and cortical thinning. A direct comparison of cortical thickness between the diagnostic groups revealed a significantly reduced cortical thickness of these prefrontotemporal regions in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS To our best knowledge, this is the first study indicating that prefrontotemporal cortical thinning constitutes a relevant cortical pathomechanism for altered cognitive activation in schizophrenia. Our data additionally reveal a profound disruption of structural and functional integration in the prefrontotemporal system in schizophrenia.
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Baltzer PAT, Gussew A, Dietzel M, Rzanny R, Gajda M, Camara O, Reichenbach JR, Kaiser WA. Effect of contrast agent on the results of in vivo ¹H MRS of breast tumors - is it clinically significant? NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:67-74. [PMID: 21557368 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Choline (Cho) signal identification and quantification in (1)H MRS are used in breast cancer diagnosis. However, an influence of the gadolinium-based contrast agent on the Cho amplitude has been reported experimentally. This study aims to identify the impact of gadolinium-based contrast agents on Cho detection and quantification in postcontrast breast MRS. Consecutive patients were recruited prospectively and randomly allocated to two groups. Group A received a neutral (gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid bis-methylamide) and group B an ionic (gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) contrast agent, each at a dosage of 0.1 mmol/kg. First, the presence of Cho was identified visually. Then, the normalized Cho intensity in malignant lesions was quantified. Multivariate analysis was applied to identify independent influencing factors on Cho. Sixty-three lesions were investigated [A, n = 34; B, n = 29; 43 malignant (one bilaterally malignant), 20 benign]. Cho was identified visually in 14 of 20 malignant tumors in group A and 12 of 22 malignant tumors in group B (p = 0.477). Normalized Cho differed significantly (p = 0.001) between groups A (mean, 26.8 ± 6.0 AU) and B (mean, 18.2 ± 12.5 AU). No linewidth differences were identified (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed only group membership (A versus B) as an independent predictor of Cho (p = 0.017). The results suggest stronger negative effects of an ionic relative to a neutral gadolinium-based contrast agent on breast tumor MRS in vivo. These results should be considered when conducting and comparing quantitative Cho measurements in the breast.
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Haenold R, Herrmann KH, Schmidt S, Reichenbach JR, Schmidt KF, Löwel S, Witte OW, Weih F, Kretz A. Magnetic resonance imaging of the mouse visual pathway for in vivo studies of degeneration and regeneration in the CNS. Neuroimage 2012; 59:363-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Krämer M, Jochimsen TH, Reichenbach JR. Functional magnetic resonance imaging using PROPELLER-EPI. Magn Reson Med 2011; 68:140-51. [PMID: 22144227 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction-echo-planar imaging (PROPELLER-EPI) is a multishot technique that samples k-space by acquisition of narrow blades, which are subsequently rotated until the entire k-space is filled. It has the unique advantage that the center of k-space, and thus the area containing the majority of functional MRI signal changes, is sampled with each shot. This continuous refreshing of the k-space center by each acquired blade enables not only sliding-window but also keyhole reconstruction. Combining PROPELLER-EPI with a fast gradient-echo readout scheme allows for high spatial resolutions to be achieved while maintaining a temporal resolution, which is suitable for functional MRI experiments. Functional data acquired with a novel interlaced sequence that samples both single-shot EPI and blades in an alternating fashion suggest that PROPELLER-EPI can achieve comparable functional MRI results. PROPELLER-EPI, however, features different spatiotemporal characteristics than single-shot EPI, which not only enables keyhole reconstruction but also makes it an interesting alternative for many functional MRI applications.
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