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Liu H, WANG Q, Li T, Lang J, Jia X, Liu B. A Retrospective Study of Comparison of Two Common Radiation Therapy Techniques for Definitive Treatment of Localized Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Li T, Yisikandaer A, Zhang X, Wang X, Ma Y, Chen L, Lu B, Chen H, Yang J, Lv J, Lang J. Involved-Field Irradiation vs Elective Nodal Irradiation for Locally Advanced Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Comparative Interim Analysis of Clinical Outcomes and Toxicities (NCT01551589, CSWOG 003). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lang J, Feng M, Yuan M, Fan Z, Luo Y. Early Results of the Survival Results and Possible Prognostic Factors for Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed With Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhu L, Zhang L, Xu T, Lang J. Long-Term Outcomes of the Self-Cut Mesh-Related Modified Total Pelvic Reconstructive Surgical Repair for Pelvic Organ Prolapse in China: A 7-Year Prospective Cohort Study. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015; 22:S245. [PMID: 27679169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.08.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Newsholme EA, Lang J, Relman AS. Control of rate of glutamine metabolism in the kidney. CONTRIBUTIONS TO NEPHROLOGY 2015; 31:1-4. [PMID: 7105739 DOI: 10.1159/000406607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Lang J. Clinical anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle and internal acoustic meatus. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 34:8-24. [PMID: 6334984 DOI: 10.1159/000409831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Esser A, Gaum PM, Schettgen T, Kraus T, Gube M, Lang J. Effect of occupational polychlorinated biphenyls exposure on quality-adjusted life years over time at the HELPcB surveillance program. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:132-150. [PMID: 25424621 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.946165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
HELPcB (Health Effects in High-Level Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls [PCB]) is a surveillance program for former PCB-exposed workers of a capacitor recycling company and other concerned individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) and on quality-adjusted life years (QALY). The EQ-5D-3L questionnaire was used to determine the HRQL. After three cross-sectional examinations at intervals of 1 yr, the longitudinal development of QALY was compared by repeated-measurement analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The cohort was split at the 95th percentile of the comparison group for each PCB congener; known confounders such as age were taken into account. A significant difference in height and development of QALY over time was shown for the higher chlorinated non-dioxin-like PCB (hcPCB) congeners. A significant between-groups effect was found on PCB 153, PCB 180, and the sum of hcPCB. It was found that QALY decreased in the high-burden group and QALY stabilized after yr 2 in the normal-burden group. Taking the dimensions of the EQ-5D into account, the between-groups effect seems to be based predominantly on the dimension anxiety. The development of the within-group effect, however, seems to be based on the dimension mobility. This study detected a significant influence of hcPCB on the development of HRQL and QALYs over time according to the level of internal PCB burden.
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Zhu L, Sun Z, Lang J. Could Vaginal Estrogen Application Prior to Surgery Reduce Mesh Exposure in Transvaginal Pelvic Floor Reconstruction with Mesh? A 2-Year Randomized Controlled Trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lang J, Xu P, Huang Y, Huang J, Feng M. Early Changes in ADC Involved in MMP-9 Expression Predict the Response of Tumor to Irradiation on Mice Bearing U14 Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Löb P, Rehm T, Ghaini A, Illg T, Lang J, Richert H. Integration eines Mikroreaktor-basierten Multipurpose- Aufbaus in eine containerartige Produktionsinfrastruktur. CHEM-ING-TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201450478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mei F, Lang J, Li Z, Yin G, Tan Y, Fu B, Tan Z, Wang B, Wang P. Prognostic Factors for Toxicity and Survival in Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients Treated With High-Dose-Rate (HDR)-Intracavitary Brachytherapy (ICBT) Combined With Complementary Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang P, Liu R, Lang J. Zinc Transporter 4 (ZIP4): A Predictive Biomarker for Decreasing Radiosensitivity and Promoting Tumor Migration and Metastasis Through TGF-β–Dependent Manner in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lamb RC, Lang J, Terron-Kwiatowski A, Baty D, McLean WHI, Zamiri M. Avascular necrosis of the hip and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis during long-term isotretinoin treatment of epidermolytic ichthyosis due to a novel deletion mutation in KRT10. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:913-5. [PMID: 24720725 PMCID: PMC4284034 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Bittermann S, Lang J, Henke D, Howard J, Gorgas D. Magnetic resonance imaging signs of presumed elevated intracranial pressure in dogs. Vet J 2014; 201:101-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Merhof K, Lang J, Dürr S, Stahl C, Gorgas D. Use of contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence to detect brain lesions in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1263-7. [PMID: 24962604 PMCID: PMC4857937 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnostic value of a contrast‐enhanced T2‐weighted FLAIR sequence (ceFLAIR) in brain imaging is unclear. Hypothesis/Objectives That the number of brain lesions detected with ceFLAIR would be no greater than the sum of lesions detected with nFLAIR and ceT1W sequence. Animals One hundred and twenty‐nine animals (108 dogs and 21 cats) undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head between July 2010 and October 2011 were included in the study. Methods A transverse ceFLAIR was added to a standard brain MRI protocol. Presence and number of lesions were determined based on all available MRI sequences by 3 examiners in consensus and lesion visibility was evaluated for nFLAIR, ceFLAIR, and ceT1W sequences. Results Eighty‐three lesions (58 intra‐axial and 25 extra‐axial) were identified in 51 patients. Five lesions were detected with nFLAIR alone, 2 with ceT1W alone, and 1 with ceFLAIR alone. Significantly higher numbers of lesions were detected using ceFLAIR than nFLAIR (76 versus 67 lesions; P = 0.04), in particular for lesions also detected with ceT1W images (53 versus 40; P =.01). There was no significant difference between the number of lesions detected with combined nFLAIR and ceT1W sequences compared to those detected with ceFLAIR (82 versus 76; P =.25). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Use of ceFLAIR as a complementary sequence to nFLAIR and ceT1W sequences did not improve the detection of brain lesions and cannot be recommended as part of a routine brain MRI protocol in dogs and cats with suspected brain lesions.
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Kapadia SG, Wei C, Bartlett SJ, Lang J, Wise RA, Dixon AE. Obesity and symptoms of depression contribute independently to the poor asthma control of obesity. Respir Med 2014; 108:1100-7. [PMID: 24947900 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity is a major risk factor for poorly controlled asthma, but the reasons for poor asthma control in this patient population are unclear. Symptoms of depression have been associated with poor asthma control, and increase with higher body mass index (BMI). The purpose of this study was to assess whether depressive symptoms underlie poor asthma control in obesity. METHODS We determined the relationship between BMI, psychological morbidity and asthma control at baseline in a well-characterized patient population participating in a clinical trial conducted by the American Lung Association-Asthma Clinical Research Centers. RESULTS Obese asthmatic participants had increased symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score in lean 10.1 ± 8.1, overweight 10.0 ± 8.1, obese 12.4 ± 9.9; p = 0.03), worse asthma control (Juniper Asthma Control Questionnaire score in lean 1.43 ± 0.68, overweight 1.52 ± 0.71, obese 1.76 ± 0.75; p < 0.0001), and worse asthma quality of life (scores in lean 5.21 ± 1.08, overweight 5.08 ± 1.05, obese 4.64 ± 1.09; p < 0.0001). Asthmatics with obesity and those with symptoms of depression both had a higher risk of having poorly controlled asthma (adjusted odds ratio of 1.83 CI 1.23-3.52 for obesity, and 2.08 CI 1.23-3.52 for depression), but there was no interaction between the two. CONCLUSION Obesity and symptoms of depression are independently associated with poor asthma control. As depression is increased in obese asthmatics it may be an important co-morbidity contributing to poor asthma control in this population, but factors other than depression also contribute to poor asthma control in obesity.
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Ma C, Lin M, Chen L, Price R, Li J, Kang S, Wang P, Lang J. TH-C-12A-07: Implementation of a Pulsed Low Dose Date Radiotherapy (PLRT) Protocol for Recurrent Cancers Using Advanced Beam Delivery. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Watson JM, Crosby H, Dale VM, Tober G, Wu Q, Lang J, McGovern R, Newbury-Birch D, Parrott S, Bland JM, Drummond C, Godfrey C, Kaner E, Coulton S. AESOPS: a randomised controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of opportunistic screening and stepped care interventions for older hazardous alcohol users in primary care. Health Technol Assess 2014; 17:1-158. [PMID: 23796191 DOI: 10.3310/hta17250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is clear evidence of the detrimental impact of hazardous alcohol consumption on the physical and mental health of the population. Estimates suggest that hazardous alcohol consumption annually accounts for 150,000 hospital admissions and between 15,000 and 22,000 deaths in the UK. In the older population, hazardous alcohol consumption is associated with a wide range of physical, psychological and social problems. There is evidence of an association between increased alcohol consumption and increased risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension and haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke, increased rates of alcohol-related liver disease and increased risk of a range of cancers. Alcohol is identified as one of the three main risk factors for falls. Excessive alcohol consumption in older age can also contribute to the onset of dementia and other age-related cognitive deficits and is implicated in one-third of all suicides in the older population. OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a stepped care intervention against a minimal intervention in the treatment of older hazardous alcohol users in primary care. DESIGN A multicentre, pragmatic, two-armed randomised controlled trial with an economic evaluation. SETTING General practices in primary care in England and Scotland between April 2008 and October 2010. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged ≥ 55 years scoring ≥ 8 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (10-item) (AUDIT) were eligible. In total, 529 patients were randomised in the study. INTERVENTIONS The minimal intervention group received a 5-minute brief advice intervention with the practice or research nurse involving feedback of the screening results and discussion regarding the health consequences of continued hazardous alcohol consumption. Those in the stepped care arm initially received a 20-minute session of behavioural change counselling, with referral to step 2 (motivational enhancement therapy) and step 3 (local specialist alcohol services) if indicated. Sessions were recorded and rated to ensure treatment fidelity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was average drinks per day (ADD) derived from extended AUDIT--Consumption (3-item) (AUDIT-C) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were AUDIT-C score at 6 and 12 months; alcohol-related problems assessed using the Drinking Problems Index (DPI) at 6 and 12 months; health-related quality of life assessed using the Short Form Questionnaire-12 items (SF-12) at 6 and 12 months; ADD at 6 months; quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) (for cost-utility analysis derived from European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions); and health and social care resource use associated with the two groups. RESULTS Both groups reduced alcohol consumption between baseline and 12 months. The difference between groups in log-transformed ADD at 12 months was very small, at 0.025 [95% confidence interval (CI)--0.060 to 0.119], and not statistically significant. At month 6 the stepped care group had a lower ADD, but again the difference was not statistically significant. At months 6 and 12, the stepped care group had a lower DPI score, but this difference was not statistically significant at the 5% level. The stepped care group had a lower SF-12 mental component score and lower physical component score at month 6 and month 12, but these differences were not statistically significant at the 5% level. The overall average cost per patient, taking into account health and social care resource use, was £488 [standard deviation (SD) £826] in the stepped care group and £482 (SD £826) in the minimal intervention group at month 6. The mean QALY gains were slightly greater in the stepped care group than in the minimal intervention group, with a mean difference of 0.0058 (95% CI -0.0018 to 0.0133), generating an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £1100 per QALY gained. At month 12, participants in the stepped care group incurred fewer costs, with a mean difference of -£194 (95% CI -£585 to £198), and had gained 0.0117 more QALYs (95% CI -0.0084 to 0.0318) than the control group. Therefore, from an economic perspective the minimal intervention was dominated by stepped care but, as would be expected given the effectiveness results, the difference was small and not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Stepped care does not confer an advantage over minimal intervention in terms of reduction in alcohol consumption at 12 months post intervention when compared with a 5-minute brief (minimal) intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered as ISRCTN52557360. FUNDING This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 17, No. 25. See the HTA programme website for further project information.
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Woods YL, Mukhtar S, McClements P, Lang J, Steele RJ, Carey FA. A survey of reporting of colorectal cancer in Scotland: compliance with guidelines and effect of proforma reporting. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:499-505. [PMID: 24567415 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-202060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The main purpose of the study was to present a baseline audit of reporting of colorectal cancers resection specimens in Scotland, audited against the Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) standards (2007) and NHS Quality Improvement Scotland (NHS QIS) standards. METHODS 50 consecutive rectal and 50 consecutive colonic cancer cases from 2011 were audited from 10 Scottish health boards involved in colorectal cancer reporting (n=953). The rates of reporting of serosal involvement, extramural venous invasion (EMVI) and the mean numbers of lymph nodes found were audited against RCPath standards and compared between units that routinely used a reporting proforma versus those that did not. RESULTS The performance in reporting of rectal cancer was generally worse than for colonic cancer, with only three units meeting the RCPath standards for reporting of rectal cancer. There were significant differences between units that routinely used a proforma, with the non-proforma group failing to meet the minimum standards for both serosal involvement (6%) and EMVI (24%). In the non-proforma group, 56% of rectal cases had a mean lymph node count of 12 or more compared with 81% in the proforma group. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences exist in the frequencies with which important adverse prognostic features are reported by pathologists across 10 Scottish health boards. This has potential implications for patient care. Health boards that make routine use of reporting proformas are more likely to meet RCPath guidelines for reporting of these important pathological parameters.
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Gendron K, Christe A, Walter S, Schweighauser A, Francey T, Doherr MG, Lang J. Serial CT features of pulmonary leptospirosis in 10 dogs. Vet Rec 2014; 174:169. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Yadav A, Miller B, Wu Y, Kumar B, Lang J, Chalmers J, Teknos T, Kumar P. Serum IL-6 Levels Show a Direct Correction With Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Poor Prognosis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.11.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Healy S, Lang J, Te Water Naude J, Gibbon F, Leach P. Vagal nerve stimulation in children under 12 years old with medically intractable epilepsy. Childs Nerv Syst 2013; 29:2095-9. [PMID: 23681311 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-013-2143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) in children less than 12 years old operated on at the University Hospital Wales. METHOD Retrospective review of patients undergoing VNS insertion, over a 3-year period, was undertaken. All children had a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. Sixteen patients were identified via the paediatric epilepsy surgery database. A case note review and telephone evaluation was conducted. Seizure frequency using the McHugh classification was the primary outcome measure, with anti-epileptic drug (AED) use as a secondary outcome measure. RESULTS There were 10 males and 6 females. The mean time with epilepsy prior to surgery was 5.7 years and the mean age at the time of surgery was 7.6 years. Overall, nine (56 %) children experienced a reduction in their seizure frequency of 50 % or more. Of these, four (25 %) had a reduction of more than 80 %. Seven children (44 %) had no reduction in their seizure frequency, although two of these patients reported benefit regarding seizure control and post-ictal recovery. The VNS system was removed in two patients due to infection and no benefit, respectively. Half of the cohort (50 %) reduced the number of anti-epileptic drugs post-surgery, and there was an overall mean reduction of AED of 0.5. CONCLUSION This study suggests that VNS is a safe and effective adjuvant therapy in children under 12 years old, with over half reporting significant benefit. Further studies are needed to enable preoperative selection of patients in order to maximise the potential benefit.
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Li J, Lang J, Wang P, Kang S, Lin M, Chen X, Guo M, Chen F, Ma C. SU-E-T-637: IMRT for Pancreas and Prostate Cancer Using Pulsed Low Dose Rate Delivery Techniques. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kang S, Lang J, Wang P, Li J, Lin M, Chen X, Guo M, Chen F, Ma C. SU-E-T-695: Treatment Planning Optimization for Pulsed Low-Dose-Rate IMRT of Lung and Head and Neck Cancer. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lang J, Li A, Luo W, Wu R, Li P, Xu F. Odor representation in the olfactory bulb under different brain states revealed by intrinsic optical signals imaging. Neuroscience 2013; 243:54-63. [PMID: 23567814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory system responds to the same stimulus with great variability according to the current state of the brain. At the levels of multi-unit activity and local field potentials, the response of the olfactory bulb (OB) to a given olfactory stimulus during a state of lower background activity is stronger than the response that occurs during higher background activity, but the distribution pattern of activity remains similar. However, these results have only been established at the individual neuron and neuron cluster scales in previous studies. It remains unclear whether these results are consistent at a larger scale (e.g., OB regions); therefore, intrinsic optical signals imaging was employed in the present study to clarify this issue. The basal brain states of rats were manipulated by using different levels of anesthesia. Under a state of low basal brain activity, the intensity of the activity pattern elicited in the dorsal OB by a given odorant was significantly higher than that under high basal brain activity, but the topography was highly similar across different brain states. These results were consistent across the levels of individual neurons, neuron clusters, glomeruli, and the OB regions, which suggest that the OB contains as yet unknown neural mechanisms that ensure the high-fidelity representation of the same olfactory stimulation under different brain states.
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