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Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Grob J, Cowey C, Lao C, Wagstaff J, Hogg D, Hill A, Carlino M, Wolter P, Lebbé C, Schachter J, Thomas L, Hassel J, Lorigan P, Walker D, Jiang J, Hodi F, Wolchok J. 3303 Efficacy and safety in key patient subgroups of nivolumab (NIVO) alone or combined with ipilimumab (IPI) versus IPI alone in treatment-naïve patients with advanced melanoma (MEL) (CheckMate 067). Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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102
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Glen H, Hsieh J, Michaelson M, Kim H, Sachdev P, Kadowaki T, Funahashi Y, Larkin J, Motzer R. 432 Correlative analyses of serum biomarkers and clinical outcomes in the phase 2 study of lenvatinib, everolimus, and the combination, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma following 1 VEGF-targeted therapy. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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103
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Markel D, Levesque IR, Larkin J, Leger P, El Naqa I. MO-AB-BRA-09: Temporally Realistic Manipulation a 4D Biomechanical Lung Phantom for Evaluation of Simultaneous Registration and Segmentation. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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104
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Sinha R, Larkin J, Fearfield L. Clinical resolution of vemurafenib-induced squamous cell carcinoma with topical 5-fluorouracil. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:1135-6. [PMID: 25234953 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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105
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McArthur G, Ascierto P, Larkin J, Ribas A, Liszkay G, Maio M, Mandalà M, Demidov L, Stroyakovsky D, Thomas L, De La Cruz Merino L, Atkinson V, Dutriaux C, Garbe C, Chang I, Hack S, Dréno B. Phase 3, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Vemurafenib Versus Vemurafenib + Cobimetinib in Previously Untreated Brafv600 Mutation–Positive Patients with Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Melanoma (Nct01689519). Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu438.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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106
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Coupe N, Corrie P, Hategan M, Larkin J, Gore M, Gupta A, Wise A, Suter S, Ciria C, Love S, Collins L, Middleton M. A Phase 1, Dose Escalation Study of Paclitaxel with Gsk1120212 (Trametinib) for the Treatment of Advanced Melanoma. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu344.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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107
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Weber J, Minor D, D'Angelo S, Hodi F, Gutzmer R, Neyns B, Hoeller C, Khushalani N, Miller W, Grob JJ, Lao C, Linette G, Grossmann K, Hassel J, Lorigan P, Maio M, Sznol M, Lambert A, Yang A, Larkin J. A Phase 3 Randomized, Open-Label Study of Nivolumab (Anti-Pd-1; Bms-936558; Ono-4538) Versus Investigator'S Choice Chemotherapy (Icc) in Patients with Advanced Melanoma After Prior Anti-Ctla-4 Therapy. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu438.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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108
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Schadendorf D, Amonkar M, Stroyakovskiy D, Levchenko E, Gogas H, De Braud F, Grob J., Bondarenko I, Garbe C, Lebbe C, Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Millward M, Arance A, Mandalà M, Casey M, Demarini D, Irani J, Aktan G, Long G. Combi-D: Quality of Life (Qol) Impact of the Combination of Dabrafenib and Trametinib (D + T) Versus Dabrafenib Monotherapy (D) in Patients with Braf V600E/K Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma in a Phase III Trial. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu344.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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109
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Larkin J, Okines A. Precision Medicine in Kidney Cancer and Clinical Trial Designs. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu299.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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110
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Powles T, Hawkins R, Ralph C, Larkin J, Jones R, Chowdhury S, Boleti E, Fife K, Bahl A, Crabb S, Webb A, Din O, Dunlop J, Hill R, Geldart T, McLaren D, Nathan P. A Randomised Phase Ii Study of Cediranib with or Without Src Inhibition (Saracatinib) in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cancer (Rcc) Patients Resistant to Vegf Targeted Therapy. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu438.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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111
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Gravis G, Chanez B, Derosa L, Beuselinck B, Laguerre B, Barthelemy P, Brachet P, Lobbedez FJ, Escudier B, Stewart G, Harrison D, Laird A, Vasudev N, Ralph C, Larkin J, Lote H, Walz J, Thomassin J, Salem N, Boher J. Impact on Overall Survival of Glandular Metastasis in Patients with Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. on Behalf of the Renal Cross Channel Group. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu337.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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112
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Turajlic S, Furney SJ, Stamp G, Rana S, Ricken G, Oduko Y, Saturno G, Springer C, Hayes A, Gore M, Larkin J, Marais R. Whole-genome sequencing reveals complex mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to BRAF inhibition. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:959-67. [PMID: 24504448 PMCID: PMC3999800 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRAF is mutated in ∼42% of human melanomas (COSMIC. http://www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/cosmic/) and pharmacological BRAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib achieve dramatic responses in patients whose tumours harbour BRAF(V600) mutations. Objective responses occur in ∼50% of patients and disease stabilisation in a further ∼30%, but ∼20% of patients present primary or innate resistance and do not respond. Here, we investigated the underlying cause of treatment failure in a patient with BRAF mutant melanoma who presented primary resistance. METHODS We carried out whole-genome sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis of five metastatic tumours from the patient. We validated mechanisms of resistance in a cell line derived from the patient's tumour. RESULTS We observed that the majority of the single-nucleotide variants identified were shared across all tumour sites, but also saw site-specific copy-number alterations in discrete cell populations at different sites. We found that two ubiquitous mutations mediated resistance to BRAF inhibition in these tumours. A mutation in GNAQ sustained mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling, whereas a mutation in PTEN activated the PI3 K/AKT pathway. Inhibition of both pathways synergised to block the growth of the cells. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses show that the five metastases arose from a common progenitor and acquired additional alterations after disease dissemination. We demonstrate that a distinct combination of mutations mediated primary resistance to BRAF inhibition in this patient. These mutations were present in all five tumours and in a tumour sample taken before BRAF inhibitor treatment was administered. Inhibition of both pathways was required to block tumour cell growth, suggesting that combined targeting of these pathways could have been a valid therapeutic approach for this patient.
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114
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Henrion M, Frampton M, Scelo G, Purdue M, Ye Y, Broderick P, Ritchie A, Kaplan R, Meade A, McKay J, Johansson M, Lathrop M, Larkin J, Rothman N, Wang Z, Chow WH, Stevens VL, Diver WR, Gapstur SM, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Wu X, Brennan P, Chanock S, Eisen T, Houlston RS. Common variation at 2q22.3 (ZEB2) influences the risk of renal cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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115
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Fearfield L, Newton-Bishop J, Sinha R, Edmonds K, Gore M, Larkin J. Second primary melanomas on treatment with vemurafenib: reply from the authors. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:888-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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116
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Robert C, Flaherty K, Hersey P, Nathan P, Garbe C, Milhem M, Demidov L, Hassel J, Rutkowski P, Mohr P, Dummer R, Trefzer U, Larkin J, Utikal J, Casey M, Sherman L, Crist W, Wu F, Patel K, Schadendorf D. Efficacité du trametinib (T), sur la survie sans progression (SSP) et la survie globale (SG), en comparaison à la chimiothérapie (C) chez des patients (pts) ayant un mélanome métastatique (MM) avec mutation de BRAFV600E/K. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2012.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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117
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Sinha R, Edmonds K, Newton-Bishop J, Gore M, Larkin J, Fearfield L. Cutaneous adverse events associated with vemurafenib in patients with metastatic melanoma: practical advice on diagnosis, prevention and management of the main treatment-related skin toxicities. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:987-94. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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118
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Blank C, Del Vecchio M, Ascierto P, Queirolo P, Hauschild A, Arance A, Brown M, Mitchell L, Veronese L, Larkin J. An Open-Label, Multicentre Safety Study of Vemurafenib in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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119
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Proskorovsky I, Benedict A, Negrier S, Larkin J, Sandin R, Chen C. Axitinib (AXI) and Everolimus (EVE) in the Treatment (TX) of Sunitinib-Refractory (SU-R) Patients (PTS) with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (MRCC): Results of a Simulated TX Comparison (STC) Analyses. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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120
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Larkin J. Should Rheumatologists be Managing Fibromyalgia? Scott Med J 2012; 57:43-4. [DOI: 10.1258/smj.2011.011186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia has always struggled to be taken seriously. The vague mixture of aches, pains, stiffness and fatigue with no clear clinical or investigational findings has led many to doubt its very existence. Evidence is accumulating, however, of demonstrable abnormalities of pain processing and psychosocial factors in fibromyalgia subjects. These may ‘prove’ its existence, but do they suggest it is rheumatological?
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121
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Bourke M, Salwa S, Sadadcharam M, Larkin J, Soden D, Sullivan G. Electrochemotherapy for the treatment of intractable cutaneous lesions secondary to breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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122
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Larkin J, Blank C, Bono P, Kim D, Panneerselvam A, Grünwald V. 7147 POSTER The REACT Expanded-access Program of Everolimus in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Refractory to VEGF-targeted Therapy: Subgroup Analyses by Prior Therapy. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)72062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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123
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Albiqes L, lacovelli R, Porta C, Houede N, Laguerre B, Procopio G, Lheureux S, Larkin J, Negrier S, Escudier B. 7143 POSTER Prognosis of Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC) With Primary Resistance to Sunitinib: Is There Any Active Treatment? Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)72058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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124
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Evans M, Larkin J, Siva B, Leger P, Patrocinio H, Parker W. SU-E-T-300: Linac Bunker Access Control System for An Exactrac/Novalis Imaging Systems. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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125
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Khan OA, Gore M, Lorigan P, Stone J, Greystoke A, Burke W, Carmichael J, Watson AJ, McGown G, Thorncroft M, Margison GP, Califano R, Larkin J, Wellman S, Middleton MR. A phase I study of the safety and tolerability of olaparib (AZD2281, KU0059436) and dacarbazine in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:750-5. [PMID: 21326243 PMCID: PMC3048218 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) is essential in cellular processing of DNA damage via the base excision repair pathway (BER). The PARP inhibition can be directly cytotoxic to tumour cells and augments the anti-tumour effects of DNA-damaging agents. This study evaluated the optimally tolerated dose of olaparib (4-(3--4-fluorophenyl) methyl-1(2H)-one; AZD2281, KU0059436), a potent PARP inhibitor, with dacarbazine and assessed safety, toxicity, clinical pharmacokinetics and efficacy of combination treatment. Patients and methods: Patients with advanced cancer received olaparib (20–200 mg PO) on days 1–7 with dacarbazine (600–800 mg m−2 IV) on day 1 (cycle 2, day 2) of a 21-day cycle. An expansion cohort of chemonaive melanoma patients was treated at an optimally tolerated dose. The BER enzyme, methylpurine-DNA glycosylase and its substrate 7-methylguanine were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results: The optimal combination to proceed to phase II was defined as 100 mg bd olaparib with 600 mg m−2 dacarbazine. Dose-limiting toxicities were neutropaenia and thrombocytopaenia. There were two partial responses, both in patients with melanoma. Conclusion: This study defined a tolerable dose of olaparib in combination with dacarbazine, but there were no responses in chemonaive melanoma patients, demonstrating no clinical advantage over single-agent dacarbazine at these doses.
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