Relationship among cervical, thoracic, and lumbopelvic sagittal alignment in healthy adults

PURPOSE

To evaluate the association between cervical sagittal alignment and thoracic/lumbopelvic sagittal alignment in healthy Japanese adults.

METHODS

30 male and 22 female healthy adults aged 22 to 50 years were recruited. Spinal parameters were measured on radiographs, including the cervical sagittal vertical axis, sagittal vertical axis, C7 tilt angle, Ishihara index for cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, and pelvic incidence.

RESULTS

The C7 tilt angle positively correlated with the Ishihara index (r=0.52, p<0.0001) and thoracic kyphosis (r=0.53, p<0.0001). The Ishihara index positively correlated with thoracic kyphosis (r=0.34, p=0.01) and C7 tilt angle (r=0.52, p<0.0001). Pelvic incidence positively correlated with sacral slope (r=0.45, p=0.001), lumbar lordosis (r=0.26, p=0.07), and pelvic tilt (r=0.29, p=0.03). Compared with men, women had a smaller Ishihara index (0.07 vs. 0.001, p=0.03), thoracic kyphosis (30.5º vs 24.1º, p=0.02), and C7 tilt angle (23.1º vs. 16.8º, p=0.02). Women had less cervical lordosis and thoracic kyphosis, that is, a straighter cervico-thoracic sagittal alignment.

CONCLUSION

In healthy Japanese adults, cervical sagittal alignment is associated with thoracic sagittal alignment but not with lumbopelvic alignment.

Sequential Changes in Cortical Excitation during Orthodontic Treatment

Cortical excitation responding to periodontal ligament (PDL) stimulation is observed in the rat primary somatosensory (S1), secondary somatosensory, and insular oral region of the cortex (S2/IOR), which are considered to process somatosensation, including nociception. Our previous studies have demonstrated that excitatory propagation induced by PDL stimulation is facilitated in S1 and S2/IOR 1 d after experimental tooth movement (ETM), and tetanic stimulation of IOR induces long-term potentiation of cortical excitatory propagation consistently. These findings raise the possibility that ETM induces neuroplastic changes, and as a result, facilitation of cortical excitation would be sustained for weeks. However, no information is available about the temporal profiles of the facilitated cortical responses. We estimated PDL stimulation-induced cortical excitatory propagation in S1 and S2/IOR of rats by optical imaging 1 to 7 d after ETM of the maxillary first molar. ETM models showed facilitated cortical excitatory propagation in comparison with controls and sham groups 1 d after ETM, but the facilitation gradually recovered to the control level 3 to 7 d after ETM. Sham groups that received wire fixation without orthodontic force tended to enhance cortical responses, although the differences between controls and sham groups were almost insignificant. We also examined the relationship between cortical responses and expression of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)–1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α, in PDL of the first molar. The peak amplitude of optical signals responding to PDL stimulation tended to be increased in parallel to the number of IL-1β and TNF-α immunopositive cells, suggesting that, at least in part, the enhancement of cortical responses is induced by PDL inflammation. These findings suggest that ETM-induced facilitation of cortical excitatory propagation responding to PDL stimulation 1 d after ETM recovers to the control level within a week. The time course of the facilitated cortical responses is comparable to that of pain and discomfort induced by clinical orthodontic treatments.

Comparison of CSF Distribution between Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Alzheimer Disease

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

CSF volumes in the basal cistern and Sylvian fissure are increased in both idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer disease, though the differences in these volumes in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer disease have not been well-described. Using CSF segmentation and volume quantification, we compared the distribution of CSF in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

CSF volumes were extracted from T2-weighted 3D spin-echo sequences on 3T MR imaging and quantified semi-automatically. We compared the volumes and ratios of the ventricles and subarachnoid spaces after classification in 30 patients diagnosed with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, 10 with concurrent idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer disease, 18 with Alzheimer disease, and 26 control subjects 60 years of age or older.

RESULTS

Brain to ventricle ratios at the anterior and posterior commissure levels and 3D volumetric convexity cistern to ventricle ratios were useful indices for the differential diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus or idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with Alzheimer disease from Alzheimer disease, similar to the z-Evans index and callosal angle. The most distinctive characteristics of the CSF distribution in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus were small convexity subarachnoid spaces and the large volume of the basal cistern and Sylvian fissure. The distribution of the subarachnoid spaces in the idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with Alzheimer disease group was the most deformed among these 3 groups, though the mean ventricular volume of the idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with Alzheimer disease group was intermediate between that of the idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer disease groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The z-axial expansion of the lateral ventricle and compression of the brain just above the ventricle were the common findings in the parameters for differentiating idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus from Alzheimer disease.

Novel electronic ferroelectricity in an organic charge-order insulator investigated with terahertz-pump optical-probe spectroscopy

In electronic-type ferroelectrics, where dipole moments produced by the variations of electron configurations are aligned, the polarization is expected to be rapidly controlled by electric fields. Such a feature can be used for high-speed electric-switching and memory devices. Electronic-type ferroelectrics include charge degrees of freedom, so that they are sometimes conductive, complicating dielectric measurements. This makes difficult the exploration of electronic-type ferroelectrics and the understanding of their ferroelectric nature. Here, we show unambiguous evidence for electronic ferroelectricity in the charge-order (CO) phase of a prototypical ET-based molecular compound, α-(ET)₂I₃ (ET:bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene), using a terahertz pulse as an external electric field. Terahertz-pump second-harmonic-generation(SHG)-probe and optical-reflectivity-probe spectroscopy reveal that the ferroelectric polarization originates from intermolecular charge transfers and is inclined 27° from the horizontal CO stripe. These features are qualitatively reproduced by the density-functional-theory calculation. After sub-picosecond polarization modulation by terahertz fields, prominent oscillations appear in the reflectivity but not in the SHG-probe results, suggesting that the CO is coupled with molecular displacements, while the ferroelectricity is electronic in nature. The results presented here demonstrate that terahertz-pump optical-probe spectroscopy is a powerful tool not only for rapidly controlling polarizations, but also for clarifying the mechanisms of ferroelectricity.

Dynamics of Optically-Generated Carriers in Si (100) and Si (111) Substrate-Grown GaAs/AlGaAs Core-Shell Nanowires

GaAs/Al0.1Ga0.9As core-shell nanowires (CSNWs), with average lateral size of 125 nm, were grown on gold nanoparticle-activated Si (100) and Si (111) substrates via molecular beam epitaxy. Room temperature-photoluminescence (RT-PL) from the samples showed bulk-like GaAs and Al0.1Ga0.9As bandgap emission peaks at 1.43 and 1.56 eV, respectively. Higher PL emission intensity of the sample on Si (111) compared to that on Si (100) is attributed to uniform Al0.1Ga0.9As shell passivation of surface states on Si (111)-grown CSNWs. Carrier dynamics in two different temporal regimes were studied. In the sub-nanosecond time scale (300-500 ps), time-resolved radiative recombination efficiency of carriers was examined. In the 0-4 ps range, surface field-driven ballistic transport of carriers was probed in terms of the radiated terahertz (THz) waves. Time-resolved PL measurements at 300 K revealed that the carrier recombination lifetime of the GaAs core on Si (100)-grown CSNWs is 333 ps while that on Si (111)-grown sample is 500 ps. Ultrafast photoexcitation of GaAs core on the two samples generated a negligible difference in the intensity and bandwidth of emitted THz radiation. This result is ascribed to the fact that the deposited GaAs material on both substrates produced samples with comparable NW densities and similar GaAs core average diameter of about 75 nm. The samples' difference in GaAs core's carrier recombination lifetime did not influence THz emission since the two processes involve distinct mechanisms. The THz spectrum of CSNWs grown on Si (111) exhibited Fabry-Perot modes that originated from multiple reflections of THz waves within the Si substrate.

Optimal Diagnostic Indices for Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Based on the 3D Quantitative Volumetric Analysis for the Cerebral Ventricle and Subarachnoid Space

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Despite the remarkable progress of 3D graphics technology, the Evans index has been the most popular index for ventricular enlargement. We investigated a novel reliable index for the MR imaging features specified in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, rather than the Evans index.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The patients with suspected idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus on the basis of the ventriculomegaly and a triad of symptoms underwent the CSF tap test. CSF volumes were extracted from a T2-weighted 3D spin-echo sequence named "sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolutions (SPACE)" on 3T MR imaging and were quantified semiautomatically. Subarachnoid spaces were divided as follows: upper and lower parts and 4 compartments of frontal convexity, parietal convexity, Sylvian fissure and basal cistern, and posterior fossa. The maximum length of 3 axial directions in the bilateral ventricles and their frontal horns was measured. The "z-Evans Index" was defined as the maximum z-axial length of the frontal horns to the maximum cranial z-axial length. These parameters were evaluated for the predictive accuracy for the tap-positive groups compared with the tap-negative groups and age-adjusted odds ratios at the optimal thresholds.

RESULTS

In this study, 24 patients with tap-positive idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, 25 patients without response to the tap test, and 23 age-matched controls were included. The frontal horns of the bilateral ventricles were expanded, with the most excessive expansion being toward the z-direction. The CSF volume of the parietal convexity had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.768), the z-Evans Index was the second (0.758), and the upper-to-lower subarachnoid space ratio index was the third (0.723), to discriminate the tap-test response.

CONCLUSIONS

The CSF volume of the parietal convexity of <38 mL, upper-to-lower subarachnoid space ratio of <0.33, and the z-Evans Index of >0.42 were newly proposed useful indices for the idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus diagnosis, an alternative to the Evans Index.

Carvedilol Suppresses Apoptosis and Ion Channel Remodelling of HL-1 Cardiac Myocytes Expressing E334K cMyBPC

BACKGROUND

Besides its antiarrhythmic action, carvedilol has an activity to suppress cardiac tissue damage. However, it is unknown whether it has any effect on cellular apoptosis and ion channel remodelling.

PURPOSE

To know whether carvedilol has any effect on apoptosis and ion channel remodeling of HL-1 cells expressing E334K MyBPC, and comparing it with bisoprolol.

METHOD

We examined effects of carvedilol and bisoprolol on the levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and ion channels as well as apoptosis of HL-1 cells transfected with E334K MyBPC using Western blot and flow cytometry.

RESULTS

Carvedilol decreased the protein levels of p53, Bax and cytochrome c and increased that of Bcl-2 in HL-1 cells expressing E334K MyBPC. Bisoprolol failed to affect the protein levels. Both carvedilol and bisoprolol increased the protein levels of Cav1.2 but not that of Nav1.5. Carvedilol was stronger than bisoprolol at decreasing the number of annexin-V positive cells in HL-1 cells expressing E334K MyBPC.

CONCLUSION

Carvedilol suppressed apoptosis of HL-1 cells expressing E334K MyBPC through modification of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, whose was associated with an increase of Cav 1.2 protein expression.

Effects of HLA-DPB1 genotypes on chronic hepatitis B infection in Japanese individuals

Significant associations of HLA-DP alleles with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection are evident in Asian and Arabian populations, including Japanese, Han Chinese, Korean, and Saudi Arabian populations. Here, significant associations between CHB infection and five DPB1 alleles (two susceptibility alleles, DPB1(*) 05:01 and (*) 09:01, and three protective alleles, DPB1(*) 02:01, (*) 04:01, and (*) 04:02) were confirmed in a population comprising of 2582 Japanese individuals. Furthermore, odds ratios for CHB were higher for those with both DPB1 susceptibility alleles than for those with only one susceptibility allele; therefore, effects of susceptibility alleles were additive for risk of CHB infection. Similarly, protective alleles showed an additive effect on protection from CHB infection. Moreover, heterozygotes of any protective allele showed stronger association with CHB than did homozygotes, suggesting that heterozygotes may bind a greater variety of hepatitis B-derived peptides, and thus present these peptides more efficiently to T-cell receptors than homozygotes. Notably, compound heterozygote of the protective allele (any one of DPB1*02:01, *04:01, and *04:02) and the susceptible allele DPB1*05:01 was significantly associated with protection against CHB infection, which indicates that one protective HLA-DPB1 molecule can provide dominant protection. Identification of the HLA-DPB1 genotypes associated with susceptibility to and protection from CHB infection is essential for future analysis of the mechanisms responsible for immune recognition of hepatitis B virus antigens by HLA-DPB1 molecules.

Tevatron Combination of Single-Top-Quark Cross Sections and Determination of the Magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix Element V_{tb}

We present the final combination of CDF and D0 measurements of cross sections for single-top-quark production in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The data correspond to total integrated luminosities of up to 9.7 fb^{-1} per experiment. The t-channel cross section is measured to be σ_{t}=2.25_{-0.31}^{+0.29} pb. We also present the combinations of the two-dimensional measurements of the s- vs t-channel cross section. In addition, we give the combination of the s+t channel cross section measurement resulting in σ_{s+t}=3.30_{-0.40}^{+0.52} pb, without assuming the standard model value for the ratio σ_{s}/σ_{t}. The resulting value of the magnitude of the top-to-bottom quark coupling is |V_{tb}|=1.02_{-0.05}^{+0.06}, corresponding to |V_{tb}|>0.92 at the 95% C.L.

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Two-particle Bose-Einstein correlations in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] 0.9 and 7 TeV measured with the ATLAS detector

The paper presents studies of Bose-Einstein Correlations (BEC) for pairs of like-sign charged particles measured in the kinematic range [Formula: see text] 100 MeV and [Formula: see text] 2.5 in proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 0.9 and 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The integrated luminosities are approximately 7 [Formula: see text]b[Formula: see text], 190 [Formula: see text]b[Formula: see text] and 12.4 nb[Formula: see text] for 0.9 TeV, 7 TeV minimum-bias and 7 TeV high-multiplicity data samples, respectively. The multiplicity dependence of the BEC parameters characterizing the correlation strength and the correlation source size are investigated for charged-particle multiplicities of up to 240. A saturation effect in the multiplicity dependence of the correlation source size parameter is observed using the high-multiplicity 7 TeV data sample. The dependence of the BEC parameters on the average transverse momentum of the particle pair is also investigated.

Diagnostic arthroscopy in the treatment of minimally displaced lateral humeral condyle fractures in children

INTRODUCTION

In minimally displaced pediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures, plain radiography cannot be used for accurate differential diagnosis of the cartilage lesion, and other imaging methods have demerits in their accuracy and their accessibility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of arthroscopy to diagnose cartilage displacement in minimally displaced fractures.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Nine children with minimally displaced lateral humeral condyle fractures, an average of 6.6 years old, underwent combined arthroscopy and fixation surgery. Percutaneous fixation was performed with nondisplaced articular surface according to the arthroscopic findings, while in case of displaced fracture under arthroscopy, open fixation was preferred. The difference between the arthroscopic and radiographic findings was investigated.

RESULTS

Articular surface could be arthroscopically visualized in all patients. Under arthroscopy, cartilage hinges were maintained in seven cases and disrupted in two. Nondisplaced cartilage disruption was noted in one of these two cases, and percutaneous fixation was performed. A displaced articular surface was noted in the other one, where the patient underwent open surgery. At the last follow-up, an average of 14.7 months postoperatively, union and wide range of motion had been achieved without any complications.

CONCLUSION

Diagnosis of fracture displacement by merely using plain radiography was considered to be insufficient for minimally displaced cases. Diagnostic arthroscopy aided in the appropriate selection of either a percutaneous or open fixation method.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level IV, therapeutic case series.

Search for Resonances Decaying to Top and Bottom Quarks with the CDF Experiment

We report on a search for charged massive resonances decaying to top (t) and bottom (b) quarks in the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of √[s]=1.96  TeV collected by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.5  fb(-1). No significant excess above the standard model background prediction is observed. We set 95% Bayesian credibility mass-dependent upper limits on the heavy charged-particle production cross section times branching ratio to tb. Using a standard model extension with a W'→tb and left-right-symmetric couplings as a benchmark model, we constrain the W' mass and couplings in the 300-900  GeV/c(2) range. The limits presented here are the most stringent for a charged resonance with mass in the range 300-600  GeV/c(2) decaying to top and bottom quarks.

Confined photocarrier transport in InAs pyramidal quantum dots via terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

We present experimental demonstration of photocarrier dynamics in InAs quantum dots (QDs) via terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) using two excitation wavelengths and observing the magnetic field polarity characteristics of the THz signal. The InAs QDs was grown using standard Stranski-Krastanow technique on semi-insulating GaAs substrate. Excitation pump at 800 nm- and 910 nm-wavelength were used to distinguish THz emission from the InAs/GaAs matrix and InAs respectively. THz-TDS at 800 nm pump revealed intense THz emission comparable to a bulk p-InAs. For 910 nm pump, the THz emission generally weakened and upon applying external magnetic field of opposite polarities, the THz time-domain plot exhibited anomalous phase-shifting. This was attributed to the possible current-surge associated with the permanent dipole in the QD.

Measurement of three-jet production cross-sections in [Formula: see text] collisions at 7 [Formula: see text] centre-of-mass energy using the ATLAS detector

Double-differential three-jet production cross-sections are measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] using the ATLAS detector at the large hadron collider. The measurements are presented as a function of the three-jet mass [Formula: see text], in bins of the sum of the absolute rapidity separations between the three leading jets [Formula: see text]. Invariant masses extending up to 5  TeV are reached for [Formula: see text]. These measurements use a sample of data recorded using the ATLAS detector in 2011, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of [Formula: see text]. Jets are identified using the anti-[Formula: see text] algorithm with two different jet radius parameters, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The dominant uncertainty in these measurements comes from the jet energy scale. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations corrected to account for non-perturbative effects are compared to the measurements. Good agreement is found between the data and the theoretical predictions based on most of the available sets of parton distribution functions, over the full kinematic range, covering almost seven orders of magnitude in the measured cross-section values.

Search for [Formula: see text] decays in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for a massive [Formula: see text] gauge boson decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark is performed with the ATLAS detector in [Formula: see text] collisions at the LHC. The dataset was taken at a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] and corresponds to [Formula: see text] of integrated luminosity. This analysis is done in the hadronic decay mode of the top quark, where novel jet substructure techniques are used to identify jets from high-momentum top quarks. This allows for a search for high-mass [Formula: see text] bosons in the range 1.5-3.0 [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text]-tagging is used to identify jets originating from [Formula: see text]-quarks. The data are consistent with Standard Model background-only expectations, and upper limits at 95 % confidence level are set on the [Formula: see text] cross section times branching ratio ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] for left-handed [Formula: see text] bosons, and ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] bosons with purely right-handed couplings. Upper limits at 95 % confidence level are set on the [Formula: see text]-boson coupling to [Formula: see text] as a function of the [Formula: see text] mass using an effective field theory approach, which is independent of details of particular models predicting a [Formula: see text] boson.

Measurement of the top-quark mass in the fully hadronic decay channel from ATLAS data at [Formula: see text]

The mass of the top quark is measured in a data set corresponding to 4.6 [Formula: see text] of proton-proton collisions with centre-of-mass energy [Formula: see text] TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events consistent with hadronic decays of top-antitop quark pairs with at least six jets in the final state are selected. The substantial background from multijet production is modelled with data-driven methods that utilise the number of identified [Formula: see text]-quark jets and the transverse momentum of the sixth leading jet, which have minimal correlation. The top-quark mass is obtained from template fits to the ratio of three-jet to dijet mass. The three-jet mass is calculated from the three jets produced in a top-quark decay. Using these three jets the dijet mass is obtained from the two jets produced in the [Formula: see text] boson decay. The top-quark mass obtained from this fit is thus less sensitive to the uncertainty in the energy measurement of the jets. A binned likelihood fit yields a top-quark mass of [Formula: see text].

Epidemiology of cataracts

Statistical data are summarized regarding surgery for senile cataracts on patients older than 45 years of age in Okayama Prefecture. In patients older than 65 years operated on for senile cataracts, the male-to-female ratio was 1.8 with a female predominance. An age-related cataract surgery index is demonstrated which suggests that the lower limit for the diagnosis of senile cataracts should be placed at 65 years.

Effects of the calcium channel antagonist nicardipine on renal action of endothelin in dogs

Endothelin is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide isolated from cultured vascular endothelial cells. Interaction between endothelin and calcium channel antagonist on the renal hemodynamics and urine formation was studied in anesthetized dogs. Intrarenal arterial administration of the peptide progressively reduced renal blood flow from 139 +/- 22 to 85 +/- 12 ml/min at 20 min after the start of continuous infusion, with no change in systemic blood pressure. Glomerular filtration rate, urine flow and urinary sodium and calcium excretion decreased significantly by 30-50% from the preinfusion control values. An endothelin-induced reduction in renal blood flow was markedly attenuated by pretreatment with the calcium antagonist nicardipine (100 ng/kg/min intrarenally). Changes in glomerular filtration rate and antinatriuretic and anticalciuretic actions by the peptide was not affected by nicardipine treatment. It is suggested that the renal vasoconstrictor action, but not the tubular action, of endothelin is functionally coupled with the activation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels.

Tevatron constraints on models of the Higgs boson with exotic spin and parity using decays to bottom-antibottom quark pairs

Combined constraints from the CDF and D0 Collaborations on models of the Higgs boson with exotic spin J and parity P are presented and compared with results obtained assuming the standard model value JP=0+. Both collaborations analyzed approximately 10  fb(-) of proton-antiproton collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV collected at the Fermilab Tevatron. Two models predicting exotic Higgs bosons with JP=0- and JP=2+ are tested. The kinematic properties of exotic Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson differ from those predicted for the standard model Higgs boson. Upper limits at the 95% credibility level on the production rates of the exotic Higgs bosons, expressed as fractions of the standard model Higgs boson production rate, are set at 0.36 for both the JP=0- hypothesis and the JP=2+ hypothesis. If the production rate times the branching ratio to a bottom-antibottom pair is the same as that predicted for the standard model Higgs boson, then the exotic bosons are excluded with significances of 5.0 standard deviations and 4.9 standard deviations for the JP=0- and JP=2+ hypotheses, respectively.

Constraints on models of the Higgs boson with exotic spin and parity using decays to bottom-antibottom quarks in the full CDF data set

A search for particles with the same mass and couplings as those of the standard model Higgs boson but different spin and parity quantum numbers is presented. We test two specific alternative Higgs boson hypotheses: a pseudoscalar Higgs boson with spin-parity J^{P}=0^{-} and a gravitonlike Higgs boson with J^{P}=2^{+}, assuming for both a mass of 125  GeV/c^{2}. We search for these exotic states produced in association with a vector boson and decaying into a bottom-antibottom quark pair. The vector boson is reconstructed through its decay into an electron or muon pair, or an electron or muon and a neutrino, or it is inferred from an imbalance in total transverse momentum. We use expected kinematic differences between events containing exotic Higgs bosons and those containing standard model Higgs bosons. The data were collected by the CDF experiment at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider, operating at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=1.96  TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 9.45  fb^{-1}. We exclude deviations from the predictions of the standard model with a Higgs boson of mass 125  GeV/c^{2} at the level of 5 standard deviations, assuming signal strengths for exotic boson production equal to the prediction for the standard model Higgs boson, and set upper limits of approximately 30% relative to the standard model rate on the possible rate of production of each exotic state.

Performance of the ATLAS muon trigger in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV

The performance of the ATLAS muon trigger system is evaluated with proton-proton collision data collected in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. It is primarily evaluated using events containing a pair of muons from the decay of [Formula: see text] bosons. The efficiency of the single-muon trigger is measured for muons with transverse momentum [Formula: see text] GeV, with a statistical uncertainty of less than 0.01 % and a systematic uncertainty of 0.6 %. The [Formula: see text] range for efficiency determination is extended by using muons from decays of [Formula: see text] mesons, [Formula: see text] bosons, and top quarks. The muon trigger shows highly uniform and stable performance. The performance is compared to the prediction of a detailed simulation.